2022年考博英語-南開大學考試題庫及全真模擬沖刺卷含答案帶詳解套卷98

2022年考博英語-南開大學考試題庫及全真模擬沖刺卷（含答案帶詳解）1.單選題

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

問題1選項

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

問題2選項

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

問題3選項

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

問題4選項

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美國出生率受到婦女解放的影響:一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費的勞動力了。選項B符合原文。

2.信息推斷題。上一句提到，一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費的勞動力了。由此可以推斷，撫養(yǎng)孩子從零成本似乎變成了高成本，是因為女性為了撫養(yǎng)孩子而放棄高薪工作所付出了昂貴的代價，這里并不是說撫養(yǎng)孩子的成本高。所以選項C符合原文。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社會流動性，以及在城市里發(fā)展提升的抱負，是19世紀歐洲出生率下降的一個主要因素。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，目前富裕的國家由于婦女地位改變而人口趨于穩(wěn)定，為世界其他地區(qū)樹立了榜樣，工業(yè)社會也將蔓延到貧窮國家，所有的這些都將導致新世紀的人口比幾年前的要少。潛在意思是說，新世紀的人口問題不會像預期的那樣嚴重。選項D相對于選項A來說，更為恰當。

2.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

問題1選項

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨立的”;separated“分開的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨立的身份。選項B更符合句意。

3.單選題

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“l(fā)augh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

問題1選項

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

問題2選項

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

問題3選項

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

問題4選項

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”這些聲音來自于軟腭和喉嚨的其他柔軟結構，是由流入和流出的空氣的振動反應引起的。選項D符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”張開嘴睡覺的人鼾聲短促。選項C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，打鼾是一種無意識的行為，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知選項C錯誤；選項D在文中沒有提及。所以只有選項B正確。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。結合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者全文都是在客觀的描述人們打呼嚕的這個問題以及產(chǎn)生的原因和影響，沒有摻雜個人情緒，所以選項A正確。

4.單選題

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“滲透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,彌漫”;perish“使麻木,毀壞”。句意:當她走進房間,她身上的香水味立刻彌漫了整個房間。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

問題1選項

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。pickup撿起，獲得；copewith處理，應付；passout昏倒，分發(fā)；getacross通過，使被理解。根據(jù)下文，讓清潔女工把打印好的小紙條寄出去讓寄件人稍后再寫。這是處理郵件的一種方式，所以選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Hesoonregainedhisself-confidenceforhefoundhimself（）toothersinmanyrespects.

問題1選項

A.better

B.worse

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很快恢復了自信，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在許多方面都比別人優(yōu)秀。根據(jù)介詞to可首先排除選項A和B，根據(jù)句意可知選項C正確。

7.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

問題1選項

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問題2選項

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

問題3選項

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

問題4選項

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

問題5選項

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)造性科學產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關聯(lián)。由此可知，把不同的現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來是高度的創(chuàng)造性科學所產(chǎn)生的結果。選項D符合原文。

2.信息判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的末尾幾句可知，貝多芬并沒有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一個無與倫比的謀略家，他以驚人的獨創(chuàng)的方式，利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫那里繼承來的規(guī)則、形式和慣例。所以選項D符合原文。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇，盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性，但很少有聽眾或音樂學家會把它們列入偉大的音樂作品之中。也就是說不被普遍認為具有很高的審美價值，選項B與原文表述一致。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，將非凡的創(chuàng)造力超越既定限制的觀點應用到藝術上是有誤導性的，盡管它可能適用于科學。由此推斷，作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的，選項A正確。

5.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)新科學產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關聯(lián)，選項C符合原文。

8.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項

A.comply

B.conceal

C.consent

D.abide

【答案】A

【解析】動詞搭配。complywith“遵守,順從”;conceal“隱藏,隱瞞”;consent“同意,贊成”;abide“持續(xù),忍受”。句意:不用說,拒絕遵守法律的人都將受到懲罰。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?

HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.

1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.

2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.

3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.

4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.

問題1選項

A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesenses

B.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworld

C.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansight

D.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee

問題2選項

A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthing

B.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperception

C.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomething

D.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve

問題3選項

A.colorblindness

B.perceptionoftheworld

C.concernforourperception

D.depthperception

問題4選項

A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’s

B.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofit

C.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’s

D.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”對大多數(shù)人來說，眼見為實，盡管我們偶爾會思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者緊接著提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是輔助。由此可知，作者是主要是強調(diào)，視覺是認識世界的主要方式，選項B正確。

2.信息推理題。最后一段作者將自己和狗狗進行對比，雖然他們看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗還可以通過嗅覺感知周圍的世界，而人類主要是依靠視覺，這說明“現(xiàn)象學原理”指的是一種了解某事的方式和方法。選項C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”風吹到我們的背上，世界平行的呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。這是我們感知世界的一種方式，而狗狗同樣也能以這種方式感知到世界，所以選項B符合原文。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，狗狗可以通過嗅覺標記出貓在花園中尋找食物的路徑，而作者只能通過視覺來尋找。由此可知，說明狗與人感知世界的方式是不同的。選項A符合原文。

10.單選題

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:科學技術實際上有助于保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中有用的和討人喜歡的部分。選項中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve強調(diào)保護東西完好無損;reserve指保存儲備留作后用。根據(jù)句意可知，選項A更符合語境。

11.單選題

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

問題1選項

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。guideline“指導方針”;definition“定義,解說”;constraint“約束,強制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生產(chǎn)商迫于法律的約束不得不把錢退還給客戶。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

Bothtelevisioncommercialsandprogramspresent（）viewofthematerialworld,onewhichpromotesastandardoflivingthatmostofuscanprobablynotattain.

問題1選項

A.astandardized

B.anunrealistic

C.abetter

D.aninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下句“mostofuscanprobablynotattain”可推測，這個觀點是不切實際的，所以選項B符合語境。

13.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.

問題1選項

A.inadditionto

B.byvirtueof

C.asopposedto

D.forthesakeof

【答案】B

【解析】介詞短語含義辨析。inadditionto“除...之外（還有,也）”;byvirtueof“由于,憑借”;asopposedto“與…截然相反,對照”;forthesakeof“為了,為了…的利益”。句意:塑料袋用來裝各種食物很有用,因為其衛(wèi)生,結實,便宜。選項B符合語境。

14.單選題

TheancientGreekshadthenotionofscienceasmethodicalknowledge,（）anduniversallyvalid.

問題1選項

A.compellinglycertain

B.compelcertain

C.completecertain

D.verysure

【答案】A

【解析】副詞搭配。句意:古希臘人認為科學是一種有系統(tǒng)的知識，具有令人信服的確定性和普遍有效性。根據(jù)后面的“universallyvalid”可推測，填空處也應該為副詞+形容詞的搭配，所以首先排除選項B和C，compellingly與certain搭配使用,表示“令人信服地確定”的意思。所以選項A更符合語境。

15.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認，證實;declare宣布，聲明;選項A和B都是后接名詞短語或that從句;confess承認，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認做過某事;claim聲稱，斷言，后可接名詞短語、that從句,也可接不定式短語,不定式中的動作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項D正確。

16.單選題

Greenmeanshealthyoutsideofhospitals,too.Officeworkerswithnatureviewsaremore（1）abouttheirjobs,lessfrustrated,inbetterhealthandmoresatisfiedwiththeir（2）,accordingtoonestudy.Accordingtoanother,prisoninmateswhosecellslookedoutonfarmfieldsneededfarlesshealthcarethanthosewhosecellsfaceda（3）internalcourtyard.Psychologistshavefoundthatexposure（4）trees,streamsandothernaturalfeaturesimprovesconcentration,creativityandemotionalfunctioning.Inonestudy.FrancesKuo,PhD,apsychologistwho（5）theLandscapeandHumanHealthLaboratoryattheUniversityofIllinois,andhercolleaguesshowedthat20-minutewalksacrossleafycityparkseasesADHD（6）inkids.Afewyearsago,Kuoandherresearchpartnerstestedchildreninahigh-riseChicagopublic-housingprojecttoseeifaviewofnaturefromtheirapartmentshelpedthempsychologically.（7）withgirlswholookedoutonbrickandasphalt,girlswhosawtreesfromtheirwindowsconcentratedbetter,actedless（8）andweremoreabletodelaygratification.That（9）betterself-discipline,Kuosays,whichcouldhelpgirlsbetterhandlethe（10

）thatcometheirwayastheygrowupintheprojects.TheIllinoisresearchersalsoshowedthatareasofthepublic-housingprojectwithtreesandgrasshadlowerlevelsofcrime,（11

）violence,noise,litterandgraffiti(涂鴉).“Whenyouputallthesethingstogether,it’sapictureofahealthierneighborhood,”Kuosay.Greenerneighborhoodsmayevenimprovethe（12

）physicalhealthoftheirresidents.Dutchscientistscrosscheckedtheself-reportedhealthof10,000peoplewiththegreennessoftheirneighborhoods.After（13

）fortheirincome,ageandotherfactorsthataffecthealth,theyfoundthatpeopleingreenerneighborhoodswerehealthier.Inanotherstudy,elderlyTokyoresidentsweresignificantlymorelikelytosurvive（14

）anotherfiveyearsiftheirneighborhood（15

）walkableparksandtree-linedstreets.

問題1選項

A.keen

B.eager

C.zealous

D.enthusiastic

問題2選項

A.lives

B.alive

C.live

D.living

問題3選項

A.blight

B.bleak

C.bleach

D.blemished

問題4選項

A.for

B.to

C.from

D.at

問題5選項

A.directs

B.improves

C.helps

D.satisfies

問題6選項

A.frustration

B.features

C.emotions

D.symptoms

問題7選項

A.Comparing

B.Compare

C.Compared

D.Tocompare

問題8選項

A.inpulsively

B.dispulsively

C.impulsively

D.unpulsively

問題9選項

A.amountupto

B.addsupto

C.isupto

D.livesupto

問題10選項

A.challenges

B.career

C.professions

D.task

問題11選項

A.domestic

B.forensic

C.explicit

D.metropolitan

問題12選項

A.totally

B.partial

C.overall

D.whole

問題13選項

A.account

B.accounting

C.accounted

D.havingaccounting

問題14選項

A.from

B.in

C.up

D.for

問題15選項

A.retained

B.attained

C.detained

D.contained

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:D

【解析】（1）固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout為固定搭配，表示“熱衷于,對...充滿熱情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般與to搭配；zealous一般與for搭配。所以選項D正確。

（2）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指對他們的生活感到更滿意。只有選項A表示生活；alive“活著的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生計，生活方式，生存之道”。所以選項A正確。

（3）形容詞詞義辨析。blight“枯萎，荒蕪”；bleak“陰冷的,荒涼的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished“有瑕疵的,有污點的”。根據(jù)句意可知填空處應為形容詞修飾花園。只有選項B符合原文。

（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常與to搭配,表示“暴露于”。原文指的是處于某種環(huán)境中，所以選項B正確。

（5）動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指管理實驗室的心理學家，選項A符合原文語境。

（6）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：在樹木繁茂的城市公園散步20分鐘可以緩解兒童多動癥的癥狀。選項D符合原文語境。

（7）語法知識?？疾閏omparingwith和comparedwith的區(qū)別。當句子的主語是被比較的對象時,用comparedwith；當句子的主語是比較動作的發(fā)出者時,用comparingwith。句中的主語為girls，為被比較的對象,所以用compared。選項C正確。

（8）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文句意：看到樹木的女孩們注意力更加集中,行為不那么沖動。選項中只有impulsively表示“易沖動的”。其他三個選項均拼寫錯誤。所以選項C正確。

（9）動詞詞組辨析。amountupto“至多”;addupto“總計達”;isupto“從事;忙于”;liveupto“實現(xiàn),達到”。根據(jù)原文可知，本句是對上一句的遞進說明，表示還會提高自律性。選項D正確。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：這可以幫助她們更好地處理成長過程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項A符合原文語境。

（11）固定搭配。domesticviolence為固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。

（12）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指提高居民整體的健康狀況。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，強調(diào)全面綜合的；whole完整的，強調(diào)事物完好無缺。所以選項C更恰當。

（13）語法知識。此處考查動詞account的各種形式?？崭袂懊媸墙樵~after，所以后面只能接名詞，代詞或動名詞，所以空格處應該是用動名詞形式。選項B正確。

（14）介詞搭配。survive與for搭配使用,表示“存活……”,后一般跟時間。選項D正確。

（15）語法理解題。retained保留，保存；attained獲得，達到；detained扣留；contained包含。根據(jù)句意：”如果東京的老年居民所在的社區(qū)有可步行的公園和綠樹成蔭的街道...”可知，選項D更符合語境。

17.單選題

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientist