英語(yǔ)譯林版（江蘇）必修5導(dǎo)學(xué)筆記Unit1PeriodOne

Theyarethesortoffriendswhoaresoclosethattheytrusteachotherwiththeirlives.Ifonefalls，theotheristheretocatchhim.TheyareWellman，whoselegswerepermanentlyinjurednineyearsagoinarockclimbingaccident，andCorbett，anexperiencedrockclimber.Together，theyclimbedupHalfDome，thefamous2,000footrockintheYosemiteNationalPark，throughoneofthemostdifficultroutes.Duringtheclimb，Corbetttookthelead，hitinthemetalspikes(尖狀物)thatguidedtheropesandclimbedup.Then，afterWellmanpulledhimselfuptherope，Corbettwentdowntoremovethespikesandclimbedupagain.Thisprocesswasrepeatedtimeandtimeagain，inchbyinch，for13days.Wellman’sjobwasnoteasyeither.Hegothimselfuptheropethroughupperbodystrengthalone.Inall，Wellmanfiguredthathehaddone5,000pullupsuptheropeontheclimb.However，whenthetwomenfirstmet，theynevertalkedaboutclimbing.“HeknewthatwashowIgotinjured，”Wellmansaid.UntilonedayWellmandecidedthathewantedtoclimbagainandtheystartedtraining.TheirclimbofHalfDomewasnotallsmooth.Atonepoint，piecesofrockgaveway，andCorbettdroppeddownquickly.Wellmanlockedtheirropeinplace，stoppingthefallat20feet.Hisquickactionprobablysavedhisfriend’slife.“Yourpartnercansaveyourlife—youcan，”Wellmansaidasthepairreceivedcongratulationsfromfriends.“Therearerealcloseties.”根據(jù)上文完成下列各題1．Whydidthetwomennevertalkaboutclimbingwhentheyfirstmet?Corbettdidn’twanttohurtWellman.2．Fillintheblankinthelastparagraphwithproperwords.saveyourpartner’slife3．What’sthemainideaofthetext?Friendshipispreciousinlife.PeriodOneWeletotheunit&ReadingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．betrayvt.出賣(mài)，背叛2．pretendvi.&vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作3．a(chǎn)dmitvt.&vi.承認(rèn)；允許進(jìn)入，接納4．swearvt.&vi.發(fā)誓；鄭重承諾；咒罵，說(shuō)臟話swore(過(guò)去式)sworn(過(guò)去分詞)5．forgivevt.原諒，寬恕forgave(過(guò)去式)forgiven(過(guò)去分詞)6．focusvi.&vt.集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦；n.焦點(diǎn)；重點(diǎn)7．mannern．方式；態(tài)度，舉止mannersn．禮貌8．guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的guiltn．內(nèi)疚9．crueladj.傷人的；殘酷的，殘忍的10．remarkn．&vi.評(píng)論，談?wù)?1．a(chǎn)rguevi.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵；主張，論證；說(shuō)服argumentn．爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵12．a(chǎn)wkwardadj.令人尷尬的，別扭的；笨拙的13．sensitiveadj.易生氣的；敏感的；體貼的14.blamevt.責(zé)備，指責(zé)；n.(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任；責(zé)備，指責(zé)15．giftedadj.有天賦的，有天才的giftn．天才；禮物Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．getalong/onwith與……相處2．feelashamed感到羞恥3．stareatsb.盯著某人4．feellikedoingsth.想要做某事5．keepone’sword信守諾言6．spyon暗中監(jiān)視，窺探7．bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事8．keeppacewith(與……)步調(diào)一致，(與……)同步9．beforelong不久，很快Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句式1．musthavedoneImusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz...考試之后，我一定是聽(tīng)上去洋洋得意……2．否定前移Idon’tthinkIcanevertrulyforgiveher.我不認(rèn)為我能真正原諒她。3．so＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)Footballisveryimportanttome，butsoisourfriendship.足球?qū)ξ襾?lái)說(shuō)很重要，友誼也是如此。4．cannothelpdoingsth....IcannothelpwonderingifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.……我忍不住想他是不是想讓彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。5．if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Ifso，theproblemlieswithyou，nother.如果是這樣的話，問(wèn)題在于你而不在于她。Ⅰ.課文閱讀理解1．Whatisthesecretaboutinthefirstletter?A．Familyproblems. B．Atestscore.C．Loveaffairs. D．Wrongdoings.答案B2．Sarahfeltbetrayedbyherfriend，Hannah，becauseshethought.A．HannahhadbeenherbestfriendsinceprimaryschoolB．HannahwastheonlyonewhoknewhermarkC．itwasthesecretbetweenHannahandherD．Hannahletouthersecret答案D3．AccordingtoAndrew，theylostthefootballgamebecause.A．theotherteamwasbrilliantB．MatthewwasnotasathleticashimC．MatthewplayedbadlyandwascarelessD．evenBeckhamcouldn’talwaysgiveagreatperformance答案C4．WhatmadeAndrewthinkthatthefriendshipbetweenMatthewandhimwasintrouble?A．HesawMatthewtalkingtoanotherboy.B．Theyhadaterriblefightafterthematch.C．Matthewhasn’tapologizedtohim.D．Hehadbetterfindanotherfriend.答案AⅡ.課文閱讀填空SecretsandliesSarah’s1.purposeforwritingToaskforadviceSarah’s2.reasonsforfeelingbetrayed·SarahonlytoldHannahhersecretthatnooneintheclasshadreceiveda(n)3.lowergradethanher.·Everybodyseemedtohaveknownthesecretthenextday.Hannah’s4.explanationTheirconversationmighthavebeen5.heardbyothersinthewashroom.DifficultsituationSarahlostherbestfriendandfeltbeinglaughedatbyeveryone.AfriendshipintroubleAndrew’sdilemmaThequarrelafterafootballmatch6.destroyedhisfriendshipwithMatthew.7.Argumentsaboutlosingthematch·InAndrew’sopinion，Matthewwasto8.blameforlosingthematch.·InMatthew’sview，heshouldn’tbe9.responsibleforlosingthematchanditwasnaturaltoplaybadlyforaplayerlikehim.AwkwardsituationAlthoughthey10.sitnexttoeachother，theydon’tspeaktoeachother，andAndrewwonderswhetherMatthewandhearebestfriends.Ⅲ.課文閱讀簡(jiǎn)答根據(jù)課文Afriendshipintrouble回答問(wèn)題1．WhydidAndrewshoutatMatthewafterthematch?HethoughtMatthewplayedbadlyanddidnottryhardenough.Asaresult，theylostthegame.2．WhatkindofboyisMatthew?Heisusuallycheerfulandoutgoing.3．HowisMatthewrecently?Hehasbeenreallyquietandlookssad.Ⅳ.閱讀本單元Reading部分，試著以約30個(gè)詞概括第一篇課文Secretsandlies第二、三段(P2，L7－15)總的段落大意。Ididverybadlyinaneasymathquiz.Ifeltashamedbutpretendedtobecheerful.IadmittedittomybestfriendHannah，andbeggedhertokeepitsecret.Sheagreed.重點(diǎn)詞匯1．IfeelbetrayedbymyfriendHannah.我感覺(jué)被我的朋友Hannah出賣(mài)了。(1)betrayvt.出賣(mài)，背叛；泄露；透露；顯示betraysb.背叛某人betray...to...把……出賣(mài)/泄露給……(2)betrayaln．出賣(mài)，背叛(3)betrayern．背叛者，賣(mài)國(guó)賊(1)Hereyesbetrayedhersadness.她的雙眼顯示出了她的悲傷。(2)Foryearstheyhadbeenbetrayingstatesecretstotheenemy.他們很多年一直向敵國(guó)泄露國(guó)家機(jī)密。(3)Heisabetrayer，andallofushatedhisbetrayal.他是個(gè)賣(mài)國(guó)賊，我們都憎恨他的背叛。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)WangPingwassoangrywhenheheardhisfriendhimthathetoretheletterintotwoimmediately.A．betrayed B．spiedC．pretended D．swore答案A解析句意為：當(dāng)王平得知他的朋友出賣(mài)了他的事情后非常生氣以至于立即把信撕成了兩半。betray背叛，出賣(mài)；spy窺探；pretend假裝；swear發(fā)誓。根據(jù)句意知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。2．Afterwards，Ipretendedtobecheerful...后來(lái)，我假裝很高興……pretendvi.&vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作pretendtodo...假裝做……pretendtobedoing...假裝正在做……pretendtohavedone...假裝做過(guò)……(1)Whentheministercamein，thetwocheatersweresittingbeforetheweaver，busily.(2018·常熟高二期中)A．pretendingworkingB．pretendedhavingworkedC．pretendingtobeworkingD．pretendedtohaveworked答案C解析句意為：當(dāng)大臣進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，兩個(gè)騙子正坐在織布機(jī)前，假裝正在忙碌地工作。pretend是不及物動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞不定式，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意，強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，故用不定式的進(jìn)行式。(2)OnJuly7,1937，theJapanesepretendedaJapanesesoldierneartheMarcoPoloBridgetostartafullinvasionofChina.(2018·南京高二月考)A．losing B．tohavelostC．tolose D．lost答案B解析句意為：1937年7月7日，日本借口在盧溝橋附近一名日本士兵失蹤而發(fā)動(dòng)了全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。pretend后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，要用不定式的完成式。故選B。3．...IadmittedhowbadlyIhaddone.……我承認(rèn)我做得(試卷)有多么糟糕。admitvt.&vi.承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入，接納admit＋n.承認(rèn)……admitdoing...承認(rèn)做……admit＋thatclause承認(rèn)……admit＋n.＋tobe...承認(rèn)……為……admit＋n.＋into/to...準(zhǔn)許……進(jìn)入……注意：admit后不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。(1)Wehavetoadmitthathe’sahighlypetentman.我們必須承認(rèn)他是個(gè)非常能干的人。(2)Iadmittedmyselftobewrong.我承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。(3)Shedreamedofbeingadmittedinto/toPekingUniversity.她渴望被北京大學(xué)錄取。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)—Whatdidhesayinexplanationofhisstupidbehavior?—Headmittedaseriousmistake.(2017·鹽城時(shí)楊中學(xué)高二期中)A．tomake B．madeC．havingmade D．making答案C解析admit后接動(dòng)名詞，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；這里makeamistake的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在admit之前，故用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。(5)Childrenundersixarenottoschoolexceptthoseofextraordinaryintelligence.(2018·建湖二中高二月考)A．permitting B．a(chǎn)cceptedC．a(chǎn)dmitted D．received答案C解析句意為：學(xué)校不接收六歲以下的兒童，除了那些智力非凡的兒童。admit準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入，接納，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。4．...becauseshecouldn’tkeepherword.……因?yàn)樗龥](méi)信守諾言。(1)keepone’sword信守諾言＝keepone’spromisebreakone’sword違背諾言＝breakone’spromise(2)關(guān)于word的短語(yǔ)、句型知多少：inotherwords換句話說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)ina/oneword總之，一句話haveawordwithsb.和某人談一談havewordswithsb.與某人吵架Youhavemyword.我向你保證。注意：與word有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)中，word單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的含義是有區(qū)別的，不能混淆。word意為“消息，音信，謠言，傳說(shuō)”；而words的意思是“歌詞，臺(tái)詞，談話，言語(yǔ)”。(1)Joedoesn’tliketowork.Inotherwords，heislazy!Joe不喜歡工作。換句話說(shuō)，他懶惰！(2)Inaword，practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.總之，實(shí)踐遠(yuǎn)比書(shū)本知識(shí)重要。(3)Neverbreakyourword，ornoonewilltrustyou.永遠(yuǎn)不要失信，否則沒(méi)有人會(huì)相信你。(4)CanIhaveawordwithhimalone?我可以和他單獨(dú)談?wù)剢?？[單項(xiàng)填空](5)Hedidn’tkeephis，forwhichIhadwithhimlastnight.(2017·徐州王杰中學(xué)高二期中)A．words；aword B．word；wordC．words；words D．word；words答案D解析句意為：他沒(méi)有信守諾言，為此我昨晚和他吵了一架。故選D。(6)Iwon’ttrusthimanymoreforhedidn’thiswordandtoldmysecrettoothers.(2018·南京程橋高級(jí)中學(xué)高二月考)A．have B．eatC．break D．keep答案D解析句意為：我不會(huì)再信任他，因?yàn)樗蛔袷刂Z言，把我的秘密告訴了其他人。keepone’sword遵守諾言，符合題意。5．Theotherteamwassuperbandwereallyhadtofocus.另外一個(gè)組非常優(yōu)秀，我們必須得集中精力。focusvt.&vi.集中注意力于……；使聚焦；n.焦點(diǎn)；重點(diǎn)focuson/upon集中于；以……為重點(diǎn)focusone’sattention/thoughtsonsth.集中某人的注意力/思想于某事注意：把注意力集中在某人/某物上的種種表達(dá)：focuson/upon,focusone’sattention/eyesonfixone’sattention/eyesonpayattentiontoconcentrateone’sattentionon(1)Ittookherafewminutesforhereyestofocusinthedark.過(guò)了好幾分鐘她的眼睛才適應(yīng)了黑暗。(2)Thecoursefocusesonthreemaintopics.這門(mén)課程集中討論了三個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。(3)Intonight’sprogrammeourfocusisonEngland.在今晚的節(jié)目中我們的焦點(diǎn)是英國(guó)。(4)Theyfocusedalltheirattentiononfindingasolutiontotheproblem.＝Alltheirattentionwasfocusedon/uponfindingasolutiontotheproblem.他們集中全部注意力尋找解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。[單項(xiàng)填空](5)Onlybyyourattentionwhatyouarelearningcanyoulearnitwell.(2017·灌云四隊(duì)中學(xué)高二月考)A．focus；on B．focusing；onC．paying；on D．pay；on答案B解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，by后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，故可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)的正確搭配為payattentionto。故選B項(xiàng)。6．Hegotannoyed，sayingitwasn’thisfaultifhecouldn’tplayaswellasme，andthatIshouldn’ttalktohiminthismanner.他也被惹火了，說(shuō)他的球技不如我不是他的錯(cuò)，還說(shuō)我不該那樣和他說(shuō)話。(1)manner方式；方法；舉止；態(tài)度inthismanner以這種方式(2)mannersn．[pl.]禮貌，規(guī)矩；風(fēng)俗good/badmanners有/沒(méi)禮貌It’sgood/badmannerstodosth.做某事是有/沒(méi)禮貌的。注意：“用這種方式”可用以下短語(yǔ)表達(dá)：inthisway，withthismethod，bythismeans，inthismanner。(1)Shesmiledagaininafriendlymanner.她又友好地微笑了一下。(2)It’sbadmannerstospitinpublic.在公共場(chǎng)所吐痰是不禮貌的。[單項(xiàng)填空](3)—IsDavidamanwithgood？—Idon’tthinkso.Asamatteroffact，heisanythingbutpolite.A．methods B．waysC．manners D．a(chǎn)pproaches答案C解析句意為：大衛(wèi)是一個(gè)舉止優(yōu)雅的男士嗎？——我并不這么認(rèn)為，實(shí)際上，他很沒(méi)有禮貌。goodmanners有禮貌。7．IfeelreallyguiltybecauseImadesomecruelremarkstoo，butIdislikeseeingourteamlose.我感到很內(nèi)疚，因?yàn)槲乙舱f(shuō)了一些殘酷無(wú)情的話，但我不喜歡看到我們隊(duì)輸球。guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的be/feelguiltyaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到內(nèi)疚beguiltyof犯有……罪的；有……過(guò)錯(cuò)的(1)Theyoungmanfeltguiltyabouthisdrunkdriving.這個(gè)年輕人對(duì)他的酒后駕駛感到內(nèi)疚。(2)Themanwasprovedguiltyofmurder.這個(gè)男子被證實(shí)犯了殺人罪。(3)Accordingtothenewlaw，peoplewhoareguiltyofdrunkdrivingshallfaceafineofupto2,000yuan.根據(jù)新的法律，酒駕犯罪的人將面臨高達(dá)2000元的罰款。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)Ifeltveryandoutofplaceatthebeginning.Afterall，neverbeforehadIbeeninvitedtosuchaformalparty.(2017·泰州高二期末)A．guilty B．sensitiveC．cautious D．a(chǎn)wkward答案D解析句意為：一開(kāi)始我覺(jué)得很尷尬，很不適應(yīng)。畢竟，以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)到過(guò)這么正式的聚會(huì)上。guilty內(nèi)疚的；sensitive敏感的；cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)句意，故選D項(xiàng)。(1)remarkon/uponsb./sth.對(duì)某人/某事進(jìn)行評(píng)論remarkthat...評(píng)論……makeremarksaboutsb./sth.對(duì)某人/某事進(jìn)行評(píng)論(2)remarkableadj.顯著的，奇特的(3)remarkablyadv.引人注目地；非常地(5)Thejudgeremarkedonthehighstandardofentriesforthepetition.評(píng)委說(shuō)明了參賽的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(6)Theymaderuderemarksaboutherappearance.他們對(duì)她的外表橫加粗暴的評(píng)論。(7)Theareaisremarkableforitsscenery.這一地區(qū)以其優(yōu)美的景色而引人注目。(8)Thecarisinremarkablygoodconditionforitsage.就年齡而言，這輛車的狀況良好。[單項(xiàng)填空](9)Aftertheusualgreetingsandsomeabouttheweather，themengotdowntotheirownbusiness.(2017·南通高二期中)A．statements B．declarationsC．remarks D．expressions答案C解析句意為：在通常的問(wèn)候和談?wù)撎鞖庵?，人們就開(kāi)始做他們自己的事了。statement陳述，敘述；declaration宣言，聲明；remark談?wù)?，評(píng)論；expression表達(dá)，表示，表情。根據(jù)句意，可知C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。dislikedoingsth.不喜歡做某事dislikeitwhen...不喜歡……注意：動(dòng)詞dislike，like，love，hate，enjoy，appreciate等后面要先加it作形式賓語(yǔ)，再跟賓語(yǔ)從句。(10)Idislikebeingthecentreofattention.我不喜歡成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。[單項(xiàng)填空](12)Idislikewhenyouspeakloudlyinpublic.A．that B．whatC．this D．it答案D解析句意為：我不喜歡你在公共場(chǎng)所大聲說(shuō)話。hate/enjoy/like/love/prefer/appreciate/dislike等表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后接when或if從句時(shí)通常要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。8．Sinceweargued，hehasn’tspokentomeeventhoughwesitnexttoeachotherinclass.自從我們爭(zhēng)吵后，即使我們?cè)诮淌依锵噜彾?，他也不和我說(shuō)話。(1)arguevi.爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)論argueabout/over...爭(zhēng)論……arguewith...與……爭(zhēng)論arguefor...贊成……，力主……argueagainst...反對(duì)……(2)argumentn．爭(zhēng)論(1)Theyarearguingabout/overthedetailsofthecontract.他們正在為合同的細(xì)節(jié)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)不下。(2)HearguesforcloninghumanbeingswhileI’magainstit.他贊成克隆人類，然而我反對(duì)。(3)Theissuehascausedheatedargument.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了激烈的爭(zhēng)論。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)It’snousemyhusbandmoney.Hewon’ttakeyouradvice.(2017·灌云四隊(duì)中學(xué)高二月考)A．toarguewith；aboutB．a(chǎn)rguingabout；withC．a(chǎn)rguingwith；aboutD．toargueabout；with答案C解析句意為：跟我丈夫探討金錢(qián)問(wèn)題根本沒(méi)用，他不會(huì)聽(tīng)從你的建議。arguewithsb.aboutsth.因某事與某人爭(zhēng)論，為固定搭配。另外句型：It’snousedoing...做……沒(méi)用。所以答案為C。(5)Alotofenvironmentalistsargueastrongcontroloverthepoultry(家禽)industryinordertopreventfurtherBirdFlucases.A．down B．a(chǎn)gainstC．that D．for答案D解析句意為：許多環(huán)保主義者據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)嚴(yán)控家禽業(yè)以防產(chǎn)生更多的禽流感病例。arguefor據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)，符合題意。9．Thethingshesaidhurtmetoo，buthehasnotapologizedtome.他說(shuō)的話也傷了我的心，但他還沒(méi)向我道歉。(1)apologizevi.道歉apologizetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apologyn．道歉makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉owesb.anapology應(yīng)向某人道歉(1)Jack，youoweyoursisteranapologyforlosingheredictionary.杰克，你應(yīng)該為弄丟了你姐姐的電子詞典向她道歉。(2)Heapologizedtoherfornotgoingtoherparty.(apologize)＝Hemadeanapologytoherfornotgoingtoherparty.(apology)他因沒(méi)有去參加她的派對(duì)向她道歉。[單項(xiàng)填空](3)MrHarrisapologizedthechildrentheladywhattheyhaddone.(2017·南京金陵中學(xué)月考)A．for；to；to B．to；to；forC．for；to；for D．to；for；for答案C解析句意為：因?yàn)樗麄冏龅氖虑?，哈里斯先生代替孩子們向這位女士道歉。apologize后接for表示道歉的原因，接to表示道歉的對(duì)象。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知選C項(xiàng)。10．Wasitbecauseyouwereashamedofyourhorriblegrade，orbecauseyouenviedher？是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)自己糟糕的分?jǐn)?shù)感到羞愧，還是因?yàn)槟慵啥仕?？envyvt.&n.忌妒，羨慕envysb.sth.忌妒/羨慕某人某事feelenvyat...對(duì)……感到忌妒/羨慕theenvyof...……是忌妒/羨慕的對(duì)象(1)Theyenvyhimhisgoodfortune.他們羨慕他的好運(yùn)氣。(2)Hefeltenvyatmysuccess.他對(duì)我的成功感到羨慕。(3)Hisnewhousewastheenvyofallhisfriends.他的新房子成了所有朋友羨慕的對(duì)象。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)—I’mgoingtoHongKongDisneylandnextweek.—HowIwishIcouldalsohavesomedaysofftorelax.(2017·灌云四隊(duì)中學(xué)高二月考)A．Forgetit!B．Ireallyenvyyou.C．Noneofmybusiness.D．Icouldn’tagreemore.答案B解析句意為：——下個(gè)星期我將去香港迪士尼樂(lè)園。——我真的羨慕你。我多么希望也能有幾天假放松一下。故選B項(xiàng)。11．Whileitmayfeelcruel，ifshereallyisyourbestfriendyoushouldapologizeforblamingher.即使這讓人感到殘酷，但如果她真的是你的好朋友，你應(yīng)當(dāng)為你責(zé)備她而道歉。blamevt.責(zé)備，指責(zé)；n.壞事或錯(cuò)事的責(zé)任；責(zé)備，指責(zé)blamesb.for...因……責(zé)備某人blamesth.on...把某事歸咎于……betoblameforsth.應(yīng)為某事受到責(zé)備，應(yīng)對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任(1)Astothedownsideoftheshoppingcarnival，itwouldbeunfairtoblameconsumersforthehighvolumeofwaste.關(guān)于購(gòu)物狂歡的弊端，指責(zé)消費(fèi)者制造了大量快遞垃圾是不公平的。(2)Thepoliceblamedtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警察把事故原因歸咎于危險(xiǎn)駕駛。(3)You，nothim，aretoblame.應(yīng)受責(zé)備的是你而不是他。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)ThespokesmansaidthatthepoorsafetystandardswereforlastSunday’saccident.(2018·南京高二月考)A．blaming B．blamedC．toblame D．tobeblamed答案C解析句意為：發(fā)言人說(shuō)，上星期日的事故歸咎于安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低。betoblamefor應(yīng)該對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，固定搭配。(5)WeallthinkitisMaryaswellasherparentsthatfortheirson’sbadperformanceatschool.(2018·建湖二中高二月考)A．a(chǎn)retoblame B．istobeblamedC．istoblame D．a(chǎn)retobeblamed答案C解析句意為：我們都認(rèn)為瑪麗和她的父母應(yīng)該對(duì)他們的兒子的壞表現(xiàn)負(fù)責(zé)。這里是固定句型sb.betoblameforsth.，當(dāng)aswellas連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與其前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。本題應(yīng)與Mary一致。故選C項(xiàng)。12．TalktoyourfriendandI’msurethat，beforelong，you’llbebackplayingfootballtogether.跟你的朋友談?wù)?，我敢確定，不久之后，你們會(huì)重新一起踢足球。(1)beforelong是介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“不久之后，很快”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)longbefore一般用作副詞短語(yǔ)，意為“很久以前”，多用于完成時(shí)態(tài)；有時(shí)longbefore可分開(kāi)理解，before作介詞或連詞，后接短語(yǔ)或句子。(1)Hisplanseemedtobetoodifficult，butbeforelongitprovedtobepracticable.他的計(jì)劃看起來(lái)太困難，但是沒(méi)多久就被證明很實(shí)用。(2)Thathadhappenedlongbefore.那事老早就發(fā)生了。(3)Hehadworkedinthefactorylongbeforehegotmarried.在他結(jié)婚以前他就在這家工廠工作很久了。(4)Itwon’tbelongbeforeeveryoneestorealizethedangerofairpollution.不久每個(gè)人就都會(huì)意識(shí)到空氣污染的危險(xiǎn)。[單項(xiàng)填空](5)hestayedinGermanyforhalfayearandhewillgotoGermanyagain.A．Beforelong；beforelongB．Longbefore；longbeforeC．Beforelong；longbeforeD．Longbefore；beforelong答案D解析句意為：很久以前他在德國(guó)待了半年，他不久就會(huì)再次去德國(guó)。longbefore很久以前；beforelong不久之后。(6)Itwasn’tlongtheworkerhadthemachinetakenapart.(2018·南京程橋高級(jí)中學(xué)高二月考)A．thatB．beforeC．sinceD．when答案B解析句意為：工人不久就把機(jī)器拆開(kāi)了。此處為句型“Itwasn’tlongbefore...”，意為“不久就……”。經(jīng)典句式1．Imusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz...考試之后，我一定是聽(tīng)上去洋洋得意……musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去做過(guò)的事情的肯定推測(cè)，意為“過(guò)去肯定做過(guò)……”；mustbedoing意為“肯定正在做……”；mustdo意為“肯定……”。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中要用can或could代替must。(1)HeknowsmuchaboutFrance.Hemusthavebeenthere.他對(duì)法國(guó)了解很多，他肯定去過(guò)那兒。(2)Heisnothere.Hemustbeplayingfootballoutside.他不在這兒，他一定正在外面踢足球。(3)Youlooklikeeachother.Youmustbetwins.你們長(zhǎng)得很像，肯定是雙胞胎。[單項(xiàng)填空](4)CongratulationstoyouonwinningthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingpetition.YouitalotrecentlyforyouspeakEnglishlikeanativenow.(2017·無(wú)錫高二期末)A．mightpracticeB．wouldbepracticingC．shouldhavepracticedD．musthavebeenpracticing答案D解析句意為：祝賀你在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。最近你肯定一直練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槟悻F(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)講得很地道。根據(jù)下文foryouspeakEnglishlikeanativenow可推斷，此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的肯定性推測(cè)；“must＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定性推測(cè)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently推斷，practice表示最近一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用完成進(jìn)行式。故選D。2．...IcannothelpwonderingifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.……我忍不住想他是不是想讓彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。cannothelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事，無(wú)法控制做某事can’thelpbutdosth.不得不做某事can’thelptodosth.不能幫忙做某事(1)Whenourcountrycallsusforhelp，wecan’thelpbutgo.當(dāng)祖國(guó)需要我們時(shí)，我們必須全力以赴。(2)Ican’thelp(to)dosomecleaningbecauseIambusypreparingfortheentranceexams.我不能幫忙打掃衛(wèi)生了，因?yàn)槲艺χ鴾?zhǔn)備入學(xué)考試。[單項(xiàng)填空](3)WhileshoppingonlineinTaobao，peoplesometimescan’thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(2017·徐州王杰中學(xué)高二期中)A．topersuade B．persuadingC．beingpersuaded D．bepersuaded答案C解析can’thelpdoing...情不自禁地做……；persuade和主語(yǔ)之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用beingpersuaded形式。所以選C。難句分析Footballisveryimportanttome，butsoisourfriendship.句式分析so＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)——此句型只用于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情況也是如此”。eg.Hehaslosttheaddress，andsohaveI．他丟了地址，我也是。在否定句中要用neither/nor＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)。eg.Ifyoudon’tgotovisitourformerteacher，norwillI．如果你不去看望我們以前的老師，我也不去。自主翻譯足球?qū)ξ襾?lái)說(shuō)很重要，友誼也是如此。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1．Ifeelguilty(內(nèi)疚的)becauseIcan’tspareenoughtimetospendwithmyfamily.2．It’sbadmannerstoshoutattheoldman.Youshouldapologizetohim.3．Thedecisiontheymadewashorrible(糟糕的)．4．Thethiefadmitted(承認(rèn))thathehadstolenthebike.5．HeaskedmesuchanawkwardquestionthatIdidn’tknowhowtoreply.6．Ididn’tbetraymykingtoanotherforgoldorpower.7．Ilearnedthatafishisacoldbloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.8．Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitiscruel(殘忍的)toeatanimals.9．Alwaysrideyourbikeinasafe，controlledmanner(方式)oncampus(校園)．10．Thereisamonphenomenonnowadaysthatchildrenarethefocusoffamilies，shoulderingthehopeoftheirparents.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(getalongwith，spyon，feellike，keepone’sword，keeppacewith)11．Theycouldspyonmethroughawindow.12．Hegotalongwellwithhissisterswhenhewasyoung.13．Theyfeltlikehavingarestaftertheyhadworkedforalongtime.14．Wemustkeeppacewiththenewdevelopmentofmoderntechnology.15．Onemusthonorhiscontractandkeephisword.Ⅲ.完成句子16．昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹tmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.17．他太孤獨(dú)了，不想再在這兒待下去了。Hefeelssolonelythathewon’tstayhereanymore.18．我情不自禁地想象他們那時(shí)的日子多么艱辛啊！Ican’thelpimagininghowhardtheirlifewasatthattime!19．如果這樣的話，誰(shuí)接替他的工作是個(gè)問(wèn)題。Ifso，whowilltakeoverhisjobisaproblem.20．你去過(guò)那兒，我也去過(guò)。Youhavebeenthere，andsohaveI.Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)填空21．Manyatimeinlife，youjustneedtotakeupallyourcourageanddosomethingyourhearttellsyouto，becauseitisworth.(2017·南通中學(xué)高二期中)A．that B．itC．much D．well答案B解析句意為：人生中許多時(shí)候，你只需要鼓起勇氣去做你的心告訴你去做的事情，因?yàn)樗档媚氵@么做。it能代替前面的這句話中所提到的內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。其他選項(xiàng)沒(méi)這樣的用法。故選B。22．Georgetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.A．musthavegone B．mighthavegoneC．can’thavegone D．needn’thavegone答案C解析句意為：?jiǎn)讨尾豢赡茏哌h(yuǎn)。他的咖啡還是熱的。can’thavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能做了……”。23．Onceyoumakeapromise，youshould.A．keepyourword B．breakyourwordC．keepyourwords D．breakyourwords答案A解析句意為：一旦你許下承諾。你就應(yīng)該遵守諾言。keepone’sword遵守諾言；breakone’sword食言。故選A。24．On24AugustAD79，thevolcanonearPompeiierupted.Asaresult，manypeoplewereburied，and.A．lively；sodidthecity B．a(chǎn)live；sowasthecityC．lively；sowasthecity D．a(chǎn)live；sodidthecity答案B解析句意為：公元79年，8月24日，龐貝古城附近的火山爆發(fā)。結(jié)果，許多人被活(alive)埋了，城市也被埋了。lively活潑的；alive活著的，有生氣的。so＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)，意為“……也是如此”；so＋主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞，表示“的確如此，確實(shí)這樣”。25．Whattroubledtheteacherwasthatnoonepresentmadeananswerwhenaskedwhohadbrokenthewindow，sohedidn’tknowwho.A．wasblamed B．wastobeblamedC．wouldbeblamed D．wastoblame答案D解析句意為：讓老師困擾的是，當(dāng)問(wèn)到誰(shuí)弄壞了窗玻璃這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，在場(chǎng)的人都沒(méi)回答，所以老師不知道該責(zé)備誰(shuí)。sb.betoblame某人應(yīng)受到責(zé)備，所以答案為D。26．—Inmoderntimes，girlslikebeautifulclothes.—Yes，andboys.Afterall，ourlifehasbeengreatlyimproved.(2017·灌云四隊(duì)中學(xué)高二月考)A．sodothey；sodoyouB．sotheydo；soyoudoC．sodothey；soyoudoD．sotheydo；sodoyou答案D解析句意為：——如今，女孩子喜歡漂亮的衣服?！?，他們的確如此。男孩子也一樣。畢竟，我們的生活有了很大的改善。前者是對(duì)上面說(shuō)的話的肯定，后面表示男孩子和女孩子一樣都喜歡漂亮衣服，故用so的倒裝句型。Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．—Whydidn’tSarahattendthemeetingyesterday?—Ihavenoidea.Shethewrongtimeforthemeeting.(2018·泰州高二月考)A．musthavegot B．mighthavegotC．shouldget D．wouldget答案B解析句意為：——為什么昨天Sarah沒(méi)有來(lái)參加會(huì)議？——我不知道。她可能得到了錯(cuò)誤的開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)間。mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，可能已經(jīng)做了某事。故選B。2．Headmittedintheexamination.Sohewasn’tadmittedtheschool.A．cheating；to B．tocheat；byC．tocheat；to D．cheating；by答案A解析句意為：他承認(rèn)在考試中作弊了。所以他沒(méi)有被那所學(xué)校錄取。admitdoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事；beadmittedtosp.被錄取到某處。故選A。3．Thesingerisalwaysverytothereactionoftheaudiencewhenshegivesaperformance.(2018·建湖二中高二月考)A．sentimental B．positiveC．sensible D．sensitive答案D解析句意為：當(dāng)那位歌手表演的時(shí)候，她對(duì)觀眾們的反應(yīng)非常敏感。sentimental多愁善感的；positive積極的；sensible明智的，通曉事理的；sensitive敏感的。根據(jù)句意可知選D。4．—IfmysistergoestowatchthesingingpetitionnamedI’maSingernexttime，.Thepetitioniswellorganized.—.(2018·建湖二中高二月考)A．sodoI；Soisit B．sodoI；SoitisC．sowillI；Soisit D．sowillI；Soitis答案D解析句意為：——如果下次我妹妹去看《我是歌手》這個(gè)節(jié)目，我也會(huì)去看。這個(gè)比賽辦得很好?！_實(shí)如此。上句中if引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。結(jié)合句意，故選D項(xiàng)。5．—Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.—That’sallright.(2018·鹽城伍佑中學(xué)高二檢測(cè))A．lettingyounotknowB．notlettingyouknowC．lettingyouknownotD．lettingnotyouknow答案B解析apologizefornotdoingsth.因?yàn)槲醋瞿呈露狼?。故選B項(xiàng)。6．Witheffortsconservation，wemaybelievethatpeopleenjoyahealthylifewithouttheenvironmentaroundthemsuffering.(2018·東臺(tái)創(chuàng)新中學(xué)高二月考)A．focusedon B．focusingonC．focuson D．tofocusedon答案A解析分析句子，這里是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閑ffort和focus之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。故選A項(xiàng)。7．Heheldouthishand，buttheladyrefusedtotakeit，whichmadehimfeelvery.A．a(chǎn)wkward B．fortableC．cheerful D．curious答案A解析句意為：他伸出手，但這位女士卻拒絕和他握手。這使他覺(jué)得很尷尬。awkward尷尬的，別扭的，符合句意。fortable舒服的；cheerful高興的；curious好奇的。8．IenjoymyjobinresearchbecauseIhavetoallthelatestdevelopment.(2017·灌云四隊(duì)中學(xué)高二月考)A．keepintouchwith B．keeppacewithC．keepawayfrom D．keepout答案B解析句意為：我喜歡我的研究工作，因?yàn)槲冶仨毰c最新的發(fā)展保持一致。keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系；keeppacewith與……并駕齊驅(qū)，步調(diào)一致；keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；keepout不讓進(jìn)來(lái)。根據(jù)句意，故選B項(xiàng)。9．WangBaoqiang，aChineseactorannouncedonlinethathismarriagebrokedownbecausehiswifewasfoundhim.(2017·無(wú)錫高二期末)A．tobetray B．tohavebetrayedC．beingbetrayed D．havingbetrayed答案B解析句意為：王寶強(qiáng)，一位中國(guó)男演員在線宣布他的婚姻破裂，因?yàn)樗钠拮颖话l(fā)現(xiàn)背叛了他。findsb.dosth.為省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to要還原，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，betray的動(dòng)作發(fā)生先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wasfound，故用不定式的完成式。故選B。10．Difficultasthefinancialproblemsare，webelievetherearemoresolutionsthandifficulties.(2017·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高二月考)A．tosolve B．solvingC．tobesolved D．solved答案A解析句意為：雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題很難解決，我們相信解決方法還是比困難多。使用as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝，還原后的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋褐髡Z(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todosth.，這個(gè)句型中不定式用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(裝置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually11you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou12throughfromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe15is.Powerful，yes，butnotalways16.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyanotheragent.Onemorning，Ihadto20animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani’soffice21.Thewomansittingatthedesk，22mymadness，sympatheticallyjumpedup.Shegavemea23smile，noddedwhilelisteningpatiently，andthenprintedoutthe24immediately.“Whatawonderfullady！”Ithought.Rushingout25Icalledoutovermyshoulder，“Bytheway，what’syourname？”“I’mRani，”shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa26womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas27！WhyhadIthoughtshewascold？Raniwas，well，so28.Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport，Ifigureditallout.Rani’s29—herwarmsmile，hernods，her“I’mhereforyou”30—wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn’ttravelthroughwires.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議類的文章。主要講述的是作者在與Rani進(jìn)行交流時(shí)覺(jué)得她比較冷漠，但在后來(lái)的實(shí)際接觸中卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的看法是完全錯(cuò)誤的，其實(shí)她非常友好。11．A.accepted B．noticedC．heard D．met答案D解析根據(jù)第一句話可知，許多人只是通過(guò)了解你，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中從來(lái)都沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。meet相見(jiàn)，符合語(yǔ)境。12．A.came B．movedC．ran D．developed答案A解析因?yàn)槟銈冎g距離遙遠(yuǎn)，所以他們對(duì)你的了解是來(lái)自。ethrough來(lái)自。13．A.Thus B．YetC．Then D．Indeed答案B解析雖然距離很遠(yuǎn)，但是他們覺(jué)得可以通過(guò)你的聲音了解你。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用副詞yet。14．A.rather B．a(chǎn)lsoC．just D．a(chǎn)lready答案C解析這里使用just表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，別人只要通過(guò)聲音就可以了解你。just只是，符合語(yǔ)境。rather相當(dāng)?shù)?；also也；already已經(jīng)，都與語(yǔ)境不符。15．A.telephone B．voiceC．connection D．impression答案A解析根據(jù)上下文，特別是第二段中的onlybyphone可知，人們可以通過(guò)了解你。16．A.direct B．usefulC．easy D．a(chǎn)ccurate答案D解析根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，作者通過(guò)聽(tīng)到他的旅游代理商的聲音是冷淡的，讓他感到不悅。而根據(jù)第三段中的“Whatawonderfullady！”可知，作者親自見(jiàn)到了Rani后，發(fā)現(xiàn)她本人與中的聲音給人的感覺(jué)不一樣。故選D項(xiàng)，表示雖然是強(qiáng)大的，但傳達(dá)的信息卻并不總是準(zhǔn)確的。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate準(zhǔn)確的。17．A.inperson B．bymyselfC．inpublic D．onpurpose答案A解析inperson與空前的faceless形成對(duì)應(yīng)，Rani是作者的代理人，但是他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。inperson親自；bymyself靠自己；inpublic當(dāng)眾；onpurpose故意地。18．A.annoyed B．interestedC．discouraged D．confused答案A解析根據(jù)前面的coldvoice可知，Rani在里的聲音很冷漠，這讓作者很不高興，甚至想要換一個(gè)代理人。annoy使不高興，使生氣；interest使感興趣；discourage使泄氣；confuse使困惑。19．A.promoteB．trainC．findD．know答案C解析正是因?yàn)镽ani的聲音讓作者很不舒服，所以作者曾經(jīng)想過(guò)找另外一個(gè)代理人取代她。promote提拔；train訓(xùn)練；find尋找，找到；know知道。20．A.arrange B．postponeC．confirm D．book答案D21．A.forthefirsttime B．a(chǎn)tanytimeC．fromtimetotime D．ingoodtime答案A解析因?yàn)榍闆r緊急，所以作者第一次來(lái)到了Rani的辦公室。forthefirsttime第一次，符合語(yǔ)境。22．A.expecting B．seeingC．testing D．a(chǎn)voiding答案B解析因?yàn)樽髡咭呀?jīng)進(jìn)入Rani的辦公室，所以此處表示“坐在桌子旁的女士看到了我的瘋狂”，故選B項(xiàng)。expect期待；see看見(jiàn)；test測(cè)驗(yàn)，檢測(cè)；avoid避免。23．A.shy B．fortingC．familiar D．forced答案B解析根據(jù)上下文可知，她看到作者很著急，給了作者一個(gè)安慰的微笑。shy害羞的；forting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的。24．A.bill B．formC．ticket D．list答案C解析根據(jù)上下文可知，這里應(yīng)該是指機(jī)票。作者預(yù)定回家的航班機(jī)票，Rani很快幫他把機(jī)票打印出來(lái)。25．A.hopefully B．disappointedlyC．gratefully D．regretfully答案C解析Rani如此迅速地幫作者把機(jī)票打印出來(lái)，而且一直面帶微笑，這讓他心存感激。hopefully充滿希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遺憾地。26．A.careful B．seriousC．nervous D．pleasant答案D解析現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的Rani富有同情心，待人熱情大方。所以