初中語(yǔ)法介詞講解

介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

介詞是虛詞，根據(jù)意義可分為地點(diǎn)介詞、時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞、手段介詞和其他介詞等。

1表示時(shí)間的介詞：at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。

2表示地點(diǎn)，位置，方向的介詞：next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,

by,down,from,around,behind,beside等

3表示原因，理由的介詞：for,as,at,from等

4表示方式的介詞：on,in,by,with等。

常用介詞辨析

1.表示時(shí)間的in,on,at,after

1)in的用法。

用于早晨、下午、傍晚。Inthemoming/aftemoon/evening

用于月、年、季節(jié)等。InMarch,in1986,inspring

用于一段時(shí)間后。Inaweek,inayear'stime,intwohours

2)on的用法

用于具體某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear'sDay

用于描述性的時(shí)間。Onacoldnight,onawinterday

3)at的用法

用于具體的鐘點(diǎn)。At12o'clock,athalfnine

用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattime

4)after表示在一點(diǎn)時(shí)間以后。Aftertwelveo?clock

Therewillbetwobridgesovertheriver.河上將有兩座橋。

4?表方位的in,on,to.

⑤oOoo

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

RussiaisontheeastofChina.

JapanistotheeastofChina.

5.between,among

Between指兩者之間,among指三者或三者以上。

6.across,over,through

Across表示從這一邊到另一邊的橫過,over表示從空間通過,through則表示從內(nèi)部空間穿過。

Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳過湖嗎？

TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossthedesserts,overthemountains,throughthevalleys,tillatlastit

reachesthesee.

7.with,in,by

With后跟工具,in后跟語(yǔ)言、材料等,by跟某種方式。

Icanwritewithapen,我能用筆寫。

Hewrotethewordsinredink.

Weoftengotoschoolbybike./1learnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.

8.看似相同，但意義有別的詞組。

Atschool在上學(xué)Infrontof在…前邊（外部）Inclass在課上

Attheschool在學(xué)校Inthefrontof在…前部（內(nèi)部）Intheclass在這個(gè)班

Inbed在睡覺Inhospital住院Gotoschool去上學(xué)

Inthebed在床上Inthehospital在醫(yī)院里Gototheschool去學(xué)校

Attable吃飯bysea乘船onearth究竟

Atthetable在桌前bythesea在海邊ontheearth在地球上

用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空

1)Heknowseverythingtheschool.

2)Heusuallygoesoutforawalklunch.

3)Ihavelunchhalfpasteleven.

4)Pleaselooktheblackboard.

5.Theywork8:0016:00.

5)Whendotheygetupthemorning?

6)Willwegobusorfoot?

7.Wehavelearnedalotyou.

7)Thecupwasbrokenher.

8)Whereareyou?TmBeijing.

9)Weareworkingthepeople.

10）Itistimebreakfast.

11）Classbeginsnine.

12）WecomedifferentpartsofAmerica.

13）Shelivesherfather.

14）Sheoftengetsuphalfpastsixthemorning.

15）Westayheresixmonths.

16）YouareleavingShanghai.

17）Hewasborn1986.

18）WeusuallyhavemeetingsSaturdayafternoon.

19）Beijingisthecapitalchina.

20）Haveacupcoffeeplease.

21）XiaoLiwasbornMarch25,1991.

I.介詞的種類

1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,

over,behind,up,after,against等。

2.復(fù)合介詞，如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。

3.介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系

（1）和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。

（2）和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat

（3）和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等.

叱雷介詞后常跟人稱代詞的賓格和動(dòng)詞的ing形式。

II.某些介詞的意義與用法區(qū)別

1.at,on,in（表時(shí)間）：at表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)；in表示一個(gè)時(shí)期；on表示特殊日子

A.at后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分,天明,中午,日出,日落,開始等。如:

atfiveo5clock（五點(diǎn)）,atdaybreak（天亮）,atnoon（中午））,atmidnight（半夜），

atthebeginningofthemonth（月初）,atthattime（刃口時(shí)），atthatmoment（刃會(huì)JL），atthistimeofday（在——

天的這個(gè)時(shí)候）。

B.in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季節(jié),世紀(jì)等。如:

in2006（2006年），inMay,2004（2004年五月）,inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下

午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚）,inthedaytime（白天）,inthe21stcentury（21世紀(jì)）,

inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/個(gè)月），inaweek（一周）,inspring（春季）。

C.on后跟某日,星期幾,某日的朝夕,節(jié)日等，即具體某一天極其駟中、晚.

onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一個(gè)溫暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12

月的一■個(gè)夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午）,onthefollowingnight（下一個(gè)晚上）,onChristmasafternoon（圣

誕節(jié)下午），onOctober1,1949（1949年10月1日），onNew￥ear5sDay.

（特別提示）：在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞

2.between,among（表位置）“在..之間”

A.between僅用于二者之間，但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也可用between,如

FmsittingbetweenTomandAlice.

B.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.

3.beside,besides,except

beside意為"在…旁邊"，Hesatbesideme.

besides意為"除...之外”，包括在內(nèi)。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?

except意為"除...之夕卜”，不包括在內(nèi)TheygotoworkinaweekexceptSaturday.

4.inthetree,onthetree

inthetree，指動(dòng)物或人等外來(lái)的東西在樹上，

onthetree，指果實(shí)或葉子等樹本身長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的東西

5.ontheway,bytheway,inthisway

ontheway指在路上,onone'swayto…

bytheway指順便問一句

inthisway用這樣的方法,inthatway,inotherway,intheseways

6.bybus,onthebus

bybus是一般說(shuō)法，固定搭配，onthebus特指乘某一輛車

7.across,through,和past“通過，經(jīng)過”

across從表面經(jīng)過，如,road,bridge,river

through從內(nèi)部空間經(jīng)過，如：city,woods,forests,window,gate

past,從旁邊經(jīng)過.

EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.

1.Wehavetowalkthegatetogointothefactory.

2.Whenwewentthecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.

3.Lookoutthewindow,please.

4.Don'twalktheice.It'sdangerous.

5.Suddenly,ayoungmanranme.

6.Ifyouwalkthesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.

7.Therivergoesthecity.

8.Theoldmancanswimthestream.

9.1walked_________himwithoutsayinghello.

10.Thearmymovedtheforestsquietly.

8.on,above,over,u在.??上”,up,

A.on指在某物表面上，有接觸點(diǎn)abookonthetable

B.over指在某物垂直上方，無(wú)接觸點(diǎn)，也可指覆蓋在某物上，與under相對(duì)

aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetable

C.above指在某物的上方即可，不一定是垂直上方反義詞為below,

Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero.今天氣溫零度以上.

D.up表示在往上的方向反義詞downlookuptothesky抬頭看天空

11.in,after"....以后”

A.“in+段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后，用在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中.，?；卮餳owsoon的提問.

B."after+段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后，相當(dāng)于一段時(shí)間+later

Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.

Hearrivedafterfivemonths.=Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.

12.by,with,in,on表示方式，手段,工具，

A.by以......方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具，或跟V-ing形式.

B.with表示用...工具,

C.in表示用...方式，用…語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、顏色)等

D.on表示通過媒介,onthetelephone,ontheradio,onTV

Eg:HelearnedJapanesebylisteningtotheradio.

WeChinesehavemealswithchopsticks.

ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.

Ex:Fillintheblankswithby,withorin,on

1.1sentthemessagetohimemail.

2.Thepupilswritepencils.

3.DoyouknowthemeaningofwordChinese?

4.Themanclimbeduptothetreealadder.

5.Theysolvedtheproblemcommunicating.

6.Thewomanwascryingalowvoice.

7.Theoldmanoftengetsnewstheradio..

8.Weoftencutthingsaknife.

9.Heimprovedhiswritingskillkeepingdiaries.

10.MygrandpacansingsomesongsRussian.

13.放在地點(diǎn)之前的介詞:at,in,on

A.at⑴表示在小地方;(2)表示“在..附近，旁邊”

B.in⑴表示在大地方;(2)表示“在...范圍之內(nèi)”。

C.on表示毗鄰，接壤

D.to表示在……范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤

III.介詞的其他一些用法.

1as,作為.Englishisusedasamotherlanguage.

2at,在...旁邊，Theboyissittingatthedoor.

3but,除了.Hehasnothingbutmoney.

4like,像，如同.Helookslikemybestfriend.

5till,until,直至U…，在...以前.Wedidn'tgohometillfiveyesterday.

6with,有，帶著ordlikesomecoffeewithsugar.

7by,在.…附近Theylivebyariver.

8短語(yǔ)介詞：thanksto,becauseof,inspiteof,insteadof

選擇最佳答案（表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的介詞）.

1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.

A.onB.atC.inD.for

2.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?

A.onB.atC.inD.for

3.Thefirstclassbegins8o?clockthemorning.

A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on

4.lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.

A.ForB./C.ByD.During

5.WewillbeinNanjingTuesdayThursday.

A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./till

6.MrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.

A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in

7.theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmytheend.

A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/in

8.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon..

A.onB./C.inD.for

9.HecametoseeyoutheeveningofMay10th.

A.inB.atC.onD.for

10.I'mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble_______mystayhere.

A.inB.forC.duringD.on

11.Thesupermarketisopen_____midnight.

A.atB.onC.tillD./

12.Daysarelongersummerthanwinter.

A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/in

19.NewYear'sevepeopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.

A.AtB.OnC.ForD.In

20.TomandPaulusuallywatchTVweekends.

A.atB.inC.forD./

21.Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhomeschool.

A.atB.toC.fromD.after

22.Couldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.

A./B.onC.inD.at

23.Wehadbuiltthreebridgesovertherivertheendof1994.

A.atB.onC.forD.by

24.Lifewillbebetterthe21stcentury.

A.atB.onC.forD.in

25.Doyouoftenworklatenight.

A.atB.inC.forD.during

二.選擇最佳答案（表示地點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞）.

1.Thereisabridgetheriver.

A.underB.overC.onD.next

2.Therearemanybeautifulbirdsthetree.

A.onB.atC.inD.besides

3.Myhouseisthetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.

A.betweenB.amongC.inD.at

4.LucviswaitingNo.3busstopherfather.

A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at

5.Isthereanythinginteresting________today'snewspaper?

A.inB.onC.atD./

6.Canyoutellmewhospokethemeeting?

A.atB.alongC.inD.for

7.Myunclelives______208SmithStreet.

A.atB.onC.toD.with

8.Atlastwereachesthevillagethehill.

A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfrom

9.Shanghaiis______theeastofChinaandJapanistheeastofChina.

A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/in

10.________theendo?fthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.

A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In

11.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.

A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/to

12.Pleasewaittheoffice.Don'tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.

A.inB.intoC.insideD.outside

13.AreyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________Beijing?

A.forB.toC.fromD.in

14.Thereisaholethewall.

A.inB.atC.forD.towards

15.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo?

A.toB.atC.forD.towards

三.選擇最佳答案（注意與一些動(dòng)詞搭配使用的介詞）

1.Thankyou_______yourcoming.

A.toB.ofC.byD.for

2.Hespentalongtime______themathsproblem.

A.inB.onC.forD.at

3.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.

A.withB.onC.byD.at

4.Howmuchdidyoupay________thisbook?

A.forB.atC.onD.with

5.Pleasetranslatethesentence______English.

A.intoB.toC.atD.for

6.Pleasefillthebottle_______tea.

A.byB.withC.forD.in

7.Themachinescutbigpiecesofmetal____smallpieces.

A.inB.byC.toD.into

12.Youcanborrowthebook________yourschoollibrary.

A.fromB.toC.forD.at

13.Iprefercoffee_______tea.

A.overB.toC.forD.than

14.Wouldyoushowme________yourfactory?

A.toB.inC.atD.round

15.Helpyourself_______somefish.Ittastesverynice.

A.withB.onC.inD.to

16.Theyhaven?tdecided________thedateforthenextmeeting.

A.forB.byC.inD.on

17.Letmeintroduceher_______you.

A.withB.onC.toD.for

18.LiLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorning

A.onB.downC.offD.to

19.Ishouted______her,butshididn'thearme.

A.toB.atC.onD.for

20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.

A.withB.toC.byD.among

四.選擇最佳答案（注意介詞的習(xí)慣用法）

1.Canyoufindouttheanswerthesequestions?

A.ofB.forC.toD.with

2.hishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.

A.UnderB.OfC.WithD.by

3.Don'tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.

A.inBafterC.withD.to

4.Thepeoplearewaiting__