山東省青島市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題

20222023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末考試高三英語(時(shí)間:100分鐘，滿分:120分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(15個(gè)小題，每題分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASomeareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!CancúnUnderwaterMuseumNoneedtoholdyourbreathtoseethisone.TheCancúnUnderwaterMuseumis,asthenamesuggests,underwater.Morethan500sculpturesanchoredintheoceanoffMexicoaremeanttoillustratetheinterplayofartandnature.Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglassbottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.OmakaAviationHeritageCentreWithgreatattentiontodetail,NewZealandbuilttheOmakaAviationHeritageCentre,whichexhibitsoriginalaircraftfromtheFirstandSecondWorldWars.SomebelongtofilmdirectorSirPeterJackson,whohelpedcreatethesetdesignswithhisteam.AnyoneinterestedinthepioneersofaviationshouldpayavisittothemuseuminBlenheim.TenementMuseumAtNewYork’sTenementMuseum,visitorscangainaninsightintowhatlifewaslikeforimmigrantsandtheworkingclassinthecityfromthe1860sthroughtothe1980s.Themuseumopenedin1992andoffersguidedtoursoftwotenementbuildingswithrecreatedrooms,wherecostumed‘residents’enactthedailylivesofthecity’snewersandworkersovertheperiod—leapsandboundsfromthemoneymakersofWallStreet.CupnoodlesMuseumTheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.Whiledoingso,onecanalsolearnthehistoryoftheramennoodle,oneofJapan’smostpopularfoods.1.WhatisspecialabouttheCancúnUnderwaterMuseum?A.Thestrangename. B.Thenumberofsculptures.C.Worksaboutartandnature. D.Waysofvisitingit.2.Whichmuseumwillattractvisitorsinterestedinhandsonactivities?A.CancúnUnderwaterMuseum. B.OmakaAviationHeritageCentre.C.TenementMuseum. D.CupnoodlesMuseum.3.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveinmon?A.Theyareaboutartandhistory. B.Theydisplayaircraftfromworldwars.C.Theyhaveunusualfeatures. D.Theyrecordimmigrants’dailylives.【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了四個(gè)博物館的獨(dú)特之處。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對(duì)CancúnUnderwaterMuseum介紹中的“Visitorscaneitheradmiretheworksthroughaglassbottomboatortakeascubadivingtour.(游客既可以乘坐玻璃底船欣賞這些作品，也可以進(jìn)行水肺潛水之旅)”可知，游客乘坐可以乘坐玻璃底船欣賞，這是與其他的景點(diǎn)的獨(dú)特之處。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheCupnoodlesMuseuminYokohama,Japan,offersatreat:exhibitscanbenotonlyadmired,buteaten.Visitorscanworkinthemuseum’snoodleworkshop,refiningcreationswiththeirfavouriteingredients.(日本橫濱的杯面博物館提供了一種享受：展品不僅可以欣賞，還可以吃。游客可以在博物館的面館工作，用他們最喜歡的食材提煉面條)”可知，CupnoodlesMuseum可以自己制作面條，有自己動(dòng)手的活動(dòng)。故選D。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Someareattractedtomuseumsbytheartandtheculture—butifthatisn’tenough,thereisalwaysthestrange!(有些人被博物館的藝術(shù)和文化所吸引——但如果這還不夠，還有奇怪的事情)”以及四個(gè)博物館的介紹可推知，這四個(gè)博物館都有些獨(dú)特的特征。故選C。BElonMuskisabusinessman,inventorandengineerandisundoubtedly,oneoftheleadingfiguresintheworldoftechnology.MuskwasborninPretoria,SouthAfricain1971.Attheageof12,hetaughthimselfhowtoprogrammeputers.HewasacceptedtouniversityintheUnitedStateswherehepletedadegreeinArts.Afterthis,hestartedaPhDinphysicsatStanfordUniversity.However,hedroppedouttopursuehisinterestinstartupsandtechnology.Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbeeaglobalpany.In2001MuskbeganmeetingwithscientiststodiscussthepossibilityofhumanhabitationonMars.Usinghisownfortune,Muskfoundedhispanythatdesignsrocketsandspacevehicles.Itwasthefirstprivatelyownedpanytodoso.In2012,therocketsmadebythepanydockedwiththeInternationalSpaceStation.MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofmercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.MuskstartedapanyandbecametheCEOin2008.ThepanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbianAmericaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.ThecarsmadebyMusk’spanyaredesignedtoendthedependenceonfossilfuelsandsoreducethenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandairpollutionfromcars.WhydoesMuskdevotehimselftosuchinnovations?Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutMusk?A.Helearntputerprogrammesfromhisteacherat12.B.HegraduatedfromStanfordUniversitywithadegreeinphysics.C.Hereceivedgovernmentsupporttofoundthespacepany.D.Henamedhispanyafterawellknownscientist.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whateventwashistoricinMusk’scareer?A.Gettingachievementsinarts.B.Foundinganonlinepaymentsite.C.ReceivingcontractsfromNASA.D.BeingCEOoftwopanies.6.WhatisMusk’smotivationforhisinnovations?A.Toexpandhumanreachandprotecttheearth.B.Tostimulatepeople’scuriosityaboutspace.C.Torealizehisdreamofbeingaleadingfigure.DTomakemoreprofitandsetupmorepanies.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMusk?A.Giftedandhumorous. B.Curiousandhonest.C.Generousandconsiderate. D.Creativeandresponsible.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是商人、發(fā)明家以及工程師ElonMusk成功背后的故事，盡管早年從斯坦福輟學(xué)，但是他勇于追求自己喜愛的事物，成為了兩大公司的總裁，并以自己的兩大設(shè)計(jì)：火箭和電動(dòng)汽車成為21世紀(jì)的先驅(qū)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ThepanyisnamedafterNicolaiTesla,theSerbianAmericaninventorandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordesigningtheACelectricalsystem.(該公司以塞爾維亞裔美國(guó)發(fā)明家和物理學(xué)家NicolaiTesla的名字命名，他以設(shè)計(jì)交流電氣系統(tǒng)而聞名。)”可知，Musk以一位著名科學(xué)家的名字命名他的公司。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“MuskalsoreceivedcontractsfromNASA,thusmakinghistorybyprovingthattheconceptofmercialspaceexplorationwasbothpossibleandaffordable.(Musk還獲得了美國(guó)宇航局的合同，從而創(chuàng)造了歷史，證明了商業(yè)太空探索的概念是可能的，也是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的。)”可知，在Musk的職業(yè)生涯中接受NASA的合同是歷史性的，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Bycreatingopportunitiestoexplorenewplanets,MuskbelievesthatintheeventofamajorcatastropheonEarth,therewouldbethepotentialforthehumanracetocontinueelsewhere.OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.(通過創(chuàng)造探索新行星的機(jī)會(huì)，Musk認(rèn)為，如果地球上發(fā)生重大災(zāi)難，人類將有可能在其他地方繼續(xù)生存。在地球上，Musk的發(fā)明旨在尋找可再生、環(huán)保的解決方案，以應(yīng)對(duì)全球人口不斷增長(zhǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，Musk創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)機(jī)是擴(kuò)大人類所能及的范圍，保護(hù)地球。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Hefoundedanonlinepaymentsitethateventuallywouldbeeaglobalpany.(他創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)在線支付網(wǎng)站，最終成為一家全球性公司。)”和第三段的“AnotheroneofMusk’sinnovationsistheelectriccar.(Musk的另一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新是電動(dòng)汽車。)”可知，Musk是有創(chuàng)造力的；根據(jù)最后一段的“OnEarth,Musk’sinventionsaredesignedtofindrenewable,environmentfriendlysolutionstomeetthechallengeofanevergrowingglobalpopulation.(在地球上，馬斯克的發(fā)明旨在尋找可再生、環(huán)保的解決方案，以應(yīng)對(duì)全球人口不斷增長(zhǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，他保護(hù)地球，是負(fù)責(zé)任的，因此用creative(有創(chuàng)造力的)和responsible(負(fù)責(zé)的)來描述Musk。故選D。CThoughtheymaynotknowit,abouthalfabillionpeopledependontheecosystemscreatedandsustainedbycorals.Andwithclimatechangethreateningcoral’ssurvival,marinescientistEnricSalahadagoalthatmighthaveseemedimpossible.“Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.ThegoalwasmadepossibleduringanexpeditionSalaledin2009.TheteamtraveledtoacorneroftheSouthPacificOcean,toseeifthealmostuntouchedreefsheldanycluestobringingdamagedreefsinotherpartsoftheoceanbacktohealth.“Thebottomwascoveredbythrivingcoral.Vividcolorssurroundedme－purples,reds,oranges,yellowsandgreens.Itwassobeautiful,”Salasaid.HisteampresentedtheirfindingstoofficialsintheislandcountryofKiribati.Thegovernmenttookstepstoprotectthewatersfromfishing.Butbetween2015and2016,recordlevelsofoceanwarmingdamagedhalfthecoralreefstheteamhadbeenstudying.Afterhearingthatnews,theylosthopeforthehealthofcoralreefs.Lastyear,theywentinforanotherdive.Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.ThisissomethingthatSalasayscanbeowedtotwokeyfactors.Thefirstis,thankfully,halfofthecoralshadnotdied.Despitetheriseintemperatures,therewereenoughsurvivingcoralsleftbehindtohelpreproducethereefs.ThesecondwastheKiribatigovernment’sdecisiontofullyprotectthosewaters.“Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻類)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstoeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.8.WhatseeminglyimpossiblegoaldoesSalahave?A.Educatingthepublictoprotecttheecosystems.B.Callingonpeopletoactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.C.Goingtoolddayswhencoralswereinhealthycondition.D.LeadinganexpeditiontotheSouthPacificOcean.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph6referto?A.Thebadnews. B.Theseconddiving.C.Thereef’srestoration. D.Thecheerfulmood.10.WhatcanweinferaboutCaribbeanfromSala’swords?A.Thereisabundantfishinitsocean.B.Algaeliethickovercoralsthere.C.Globalwarmingdoeslittleharmtoitsmarinelife.D.Coralsebacktolifethankstogovernment’sefforts.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Kiribati—ACountryofBiodiversity B.AScientist’sLoveforDivingC.TheCoralReefRestoredItself D.OceanWarmingBotheredGovernment【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了隨著氣候變化威脅到珊瑚的生存，海洋科學(xué)家Sala有了一個(gè)看似不可能的目標(biāo)，他想和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)回到過去看到原本的珊瑚礁的樣子。去年潛水時(shí)，他們很開心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢復(fù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Wewantedtogetintoatimemachine,gobackhundredsofyearsandactuallyseeacoralreefliketheyusedtobeeverywhere,beforewestartedexploiting,pollutingandkillingthem,”Salasaid.(Sala說:“我們想進(jìn)入時(shí)光機(jī)，在我們開始開采、污染和殺死珊瑚礁之前，我們真的看到了一個(gè)珊瑚礁，就像它們?cè)?jīng)無處不在一樣?！?”可知，Sala似乎不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是回到過去，去看看曾經(jīng)未破壞的珊瑚礁，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段“Despitethereportedconditions,thereefhadsomehowrestoreditself,filledwithlifeandcoloroncemore.Salaandhisteamwereoverjoyed.(盡管有報(bào)道的情況，珊瑚礁不知怎么地自己恢復(fù)了，再次充滿了生命和色彩。Sala和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)欣喜若狂)”可知，代詞This指代前文所描述的珊瑚礁恢復(fù)的好消息。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ithasanabundanceoffish.Sotheywereeatingallthealgae(藻類)thatwouldcoverthedeadcorals,andmakeitimpossibleforthecoralstoeback,whichiswhathappensinotherplacesliketheCaribbean,”Salaexplained.(Sala解釋道：“那里有豐富的魚。所以它們吃了所有的藻類，這些藻類會(huì)覆蓋死珊瑚，使珊瑚不可能回來，這就是加勒比海等其他地方發(fā)生的事情?！?可推知，加勒比海域里也有豐富的魚，它們吃掉了覆蓋在珊瑚上的藻類，從而使得珊瑚恢復(fù)。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了隨著氣候變化威脅到珊瑚生存，海洋科學(xué)家Sala有了一個(gè)看似不可能的目標(biāo)，他想和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)回到過去看到原本的珊瑚礁的樣子。去年潛水時(shí)，他們很開心地看到了珊瑚礁自己已恢復(fù)。所以C選項(xiàng)“TheCoralReefRestoredItself（珊瑚礁自己恢復(fù)）”符合本篇文章的標(biāo)題。故答案為C。D“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach“perfection”,orbeeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bestsellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftcocreatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbeinganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbeinganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobeeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople. D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.13.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10,000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice. B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent. D.Warningsforexperts.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】12B13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章論證了練習(xí)可能無法至完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftcocreatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.”（他提到了披頭士樂隊(duì)和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨。雖然他們似乎都很有天賦，但在成功之前，他們顯然也投入了超過1萬個(gè)小時(shí)的練習(xí)。）故可推知，格拉德威爾是通過樂隊(duì)和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例子來支持他的1萬小時(shí)理論。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”,whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.”（首先，愛立信表示，1萬小時(shí)是一個(gè)平均數(shù)字。有些人需要的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于1萬個(gè)小時(shí)，有些人則更多。更重要的是，愛立信說，只是大量練習(xí)是不夠的；實(shí)踐的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。他接著解釋了“刻意練習(xí)”的重要性，刻意練習(xí)是指一個(gè)人深入練習(xí)一項(xiàng)技能的特定部分，而不是把一項(xiàng)技能作為一個(gè)整體來練習(xí)。）可知，愛立信可能不同意一萬個(gè)小時(shí)的練習(xí)通向成功這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbeinganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbeinganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.”（普林斯頓大學(xué)最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，實(shí)踐只占到人才水平的26%。很多人說，天賦對(duì)成為人才有很大的影響。另一個(gè)自然因素是身體優(yōu)勢(shì)，這在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中尤其明顯。智商、性格、態(tài)度和起步年齡也是決定性因素。但成為人才并不等于一蹴而就，成功還取決于社會(huì)和環(huán)境因素。）可知，這段主要講的是成為人才的一些因素。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobeeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey－enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.”（總而言之，熟不能生巧，但刻意的練習(xí)已被證明能帶來顯著的進(jìn)步。根據(jù)愛立信的研究，以下是一些有效練習(xí)的建議：積極主動(dòng)；制定具體而現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)；在舒適區(qū)之外工作；始終如一，堅(jiān)持不懈；好好休息！對(duì)于那些想成為某方面專家的人來說，要記住，動(dòng)力是關(guān)鍵——享受你所做的事情，追隨你的激情。）故可推知，作者對(duì)“熟能生巧”這一觀點(diǎn)持客觀的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyouhavenevergrownyourowntransplantsforyourgarden,perhapsthisistheyeartotry.____16____Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.Ifyouarenewtothistypeofgardening,donotworry.AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.____17____Flowerssuchaszinnia,calendula,andcosmosaresomeoftheeasiest.Goodchoicesforvegetablesarelettuce,kale,cabbage,andtheeverpopulartomato.Togetstarted,youneedacontainerandsoil.Thecontainershouldbebetween5to10centimetersdeep.What’smostimportantisthatthecontainershouldhaveholesinthebottomsothatsomewatercandrainout(排出).Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.____18____Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.Fillthecontainerswiththepottingsoilandpushitdown.Thenplantseeds.Covertheseedwiththepottingsoilandpressgentlyagain.Placethecontainersinapanwhichholdswaterthatreacheshalfwayupthecontainerswiththeseeds.Afterafewhours,removethemfromthewater.Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(發(fā)芽).____19____Nowfortheexcitingpart－waitingtoseelittle,greensprouts(芽)!Removeallbutthestrongestsproutfromeachcontainer.Yourgoalnowistogrowstrongtransplantsthatcansurviveamovetotheoutsidegarden.Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.____20____Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!A.First,whatisa“transplant”?B.Haveyouevergrownyourowntransplants?C.So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.D.Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.E.Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.F.However,Reichwarnsthatsomevegetablesshouldnotbegrownastransplants.G.Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何在花園里移植植物。【16題詳解】空后說“Ingardening,transplantistheprocessofplantingseedsinsideandthenmovingthenewgrowthoutside.(在園藝中，移植是在室內(nèi)播種，然后將新生長(zhǎng)的植物移到室外的過程。)”，因此空格處應(yīng)該要問“什么是移植”，A選項(xiàng)“First,whatisa“transplant”?(首先，什么是“移植”？)”提出了什么是移植這個(gè)問題，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】空前說“AgardenexpertLeeReichrecentlysharedthisadvice.(園藝專家LeeReich最近分享了這個(gè)建議)”，空格處應(yīng)該詳細(xì)說明他的建議是什么，E選項(xiàng)“Hesuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasytogrowfromseed.(他建議從容易從種子長(zhǎng)成的花或蔬菜開始)”是他的建議，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】空前說“Gardensoil,saysRiech,willnotwork.Itdoesnotdrainquicklyenoughinacontainer.(Riech說，花園的土壤不起作用。它在容器里的濾干速度不夠快)”，空后說“Pottingsoilhasadditionalmaterialsuchasperlite,vermiculite,orsandtoimprovedrainage.(盆栽土壤有額外的材料，如珍珠巖，蛭石，或沙子，以改善排水)”，因此空格處應(yīng)該說要用盆栽土壤，D選項(xiàng)“Expertssuggestusingaspecialmixcalledpottingsoil.(專家建議使用一種叫做盆栽土的特殊混合物)”說明了要用盆栽土，其中的“pottingsoil”和下文的“Pottingsoil”一致，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】空前說“Mostseedsdonotneedlighttogerminate(發(fā)芽).(大多數(shù)種子不需要光照就能發(fā)芽)”，說明這些種子不挑地方，C選項(xiàng)“So,youcanplacethemanywhereinyourhome.(所以，你可以把它們放在家里的任何地方)”說明了可以把這些種子放在任何地方，其中的them指代空前的seeds，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳解】空前說“Infourtosixweeks,mosttransplantsshouldbetwotothreetimestheheightoftheircontainers.(在四到六周內(nèi)，大多數(shù)移植物應(yīng)該是容器高度的兩到三倍)”，空后說“Nowtheyarereadytogointothegarden!(現(xiàn)在它們準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)入花園了！)”，空格處應(yīng)該要說把它們移入花園前的最后一步，G選項(xiàng)“Getthemusedtotheirfutureenvironmentwithaweekofbeingoutsideinthecontainers.(讓它們?cè)谌萜骼锎弦恢?，適應(yīng)未來的環(huán)境)”是移入花園的最后一步，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選G。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AtreeplantinginitiativeledbyyoungpeopleinKenyahasseenover30,000treeseedlings(小苗)beingplanted.TheGreenGenerationInitiativeisacharitythathasbeenplantingtreesand____21____deforestation(毀林)andclimatechangesince2016.FoundedbyclimateactivistElizabethwhenshewastwentyoneyearsold,theinitiative’sprimary____22____isontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____23____educationinschoolsandaddressing____24____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees.Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____25____ofactingasaguardianoverthe____26____oftheenvironment.Thetreeshaverecordeda____27____rateofover98percent,____28____theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity.SpeakingtoworldleadersattherecentUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinGlasgow,Elizabethissueda____29____onthethreatofclimatechange:“OvertwomillionofKenyansare____30____climaterelatedstarvation.In2025,halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbefacingwater____31____.”Sheadded,“____32____bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____33____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans.Sofar,wehavegrown30,000fruittreestomaturity,providingdesperatelyneeded____34____forthousandsofchildren.Itisour____35____toensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater.”21.A.resisting B.protecting C.increasing D.keeping22.A.need B.result C.effect D.focus23.A.advanced B.environmental C.moral D.strict24.A.personal B.food C.property D.public25.A.importance B.method C.difficulty D.culture26.A.problems B.beauty C.health D.issue27.A.decline B.planting C.survival D.success28.A.when B.but C.or D.as29.A.warning B.letter C.suggestion D.hope30.A.afraidof B.fightingfor C.sufferingfrom D.leadingto31A.shortage B.waste C.pollution D.damage32.A.Forced B.Noticed C.Inspired D.Discouraged33.A.encourages B.enhances C.monitors D.controls34.A.profit B.shelter C.nutrition D.solution35.A.worry B.responsibility C.right D.luck【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.B25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.C31.A32.C33.B34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是GreenGenerationInitiative的創(chuàng)立的背景和重大意義?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：GreenGenerationInitiative是一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，自2016年以來一直在植樹，抵制森林砍伐和氣候變化。A.resisting抵制；B.protecting保護(hù)；C.increasing增加；D.keeping保持。根據(jù)食物“plantingtrees”和下文“deforestation”可知，這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)種樹是抵制森林砍伐。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動(dòng)家伊麗莎白在21歲時(shí)創(chuàng)立了該計(jì)劃，主要重點(diǎn)是通過在學(xué)校進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育來培訓(xùn)年輕的氣候活動(dòng)家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.need需要；B.result結(jié)果；C.effect效果；D.focus重點(diǎn)。根據(jù)下文“ontrainingyoungclimateactiviststhrough____3____educationinschoolsandaddressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，這個(gè)計(jì)劃的主要重點(diǎn)是通過在學(xué)校進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育來培訓(xùn)年輕的氣候活動(dòng)家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。故選D。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動(dòng)家伊麗莎白在21歲時(shí)創(chuàng)立了該計(jì)劃，主要重點(diǎn)是通過在學(xué)校進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育來培訓(xùn)年輕的氣候活動(dòng)家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.advanced先進(jìn)的；B.environmental環(huán)境的；C.moral有關(guān)道德的；D.strict嚴(yán)格的。根據(jù)下文“Sinceitsfoundation,thousandsofschoolchildrenhavenotjustplantedtreesbutlearnedthe____5____ofactingasaguardian”可知，該計(jì)劃在學(xué)校對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：氣候活動(dòng)家伊麗莎白在21歲時(shí)創(chuàng)立了該計(jì)劃，主要重點(diǎn)是通過在學(xué)校進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育來培訓(xùn)年輕的氣候活動(dòng)家，并通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題。A.personal個(gè)人的；B.food食物；C.property財(cái)產(chǎn)；D.public公開的。根據(jù)下文“Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethat____13____foodsecurityforyoungKenyans”可知，此處表示“通過種植果樹來解決該地區(qū)的糧食不安全問題”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自成立以來，成千上萬的學(xué)生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護(hù)者的重要性。A.importance重要性；B.method方法；C.difficulty困難；D.culture文化。根據(jù)下文“actingasaguardianoverthe____6____oftheenvironment”可知，成千上萬的學(xué)生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護(hù)者的重要性。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自成立以來，成千上萬的學(xué)生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護(hù)者的重要性。A.problems問題；B.beauty美麗；C.health健康；D.issue問題。根據(jù)上文“plantingtreesand____1____deforestation(毀林)andclimatechange”可知，成千上萬的學(xué)生不僅種樹，而且了解到作為環(huán)境健康的守護(hù)者的重要性。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些樹的存活率超過98%，因?yàn)樗鼈儚挠酌绲匠墒於嫉玫搅撕芎玫恼疹櫋.decline下降；B.planting種植；C.survival存活；D.success成功。根據(jù)下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，樹的存活率超過98%。故選C。【28題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這些樹的存活率超過98%，因?yàn)樗鼈儚挠酌绲匠墒於嫉玫搅撕芎玫恼疹?。A.when當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.as因?yàn)椤８鶕?jù)下文“theyaretakengoodcareoffromseedlingtomaturity”可知，這些樹的存活率超過98%，因?yàn)樗鼈儚挠酌绲匠墒於嫉玫搅撕芎玫恼疹?。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近在Glasgow舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候大會(huì)上，伊麗莎白對(duì)世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)出了氣候變化威脅的警告。A.warning警告；B.letter信；C.suggestion建議；D.hope希望。根據(jù)下文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，伊麗莎白對(duì)世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)出了氣候變化威脅的警告。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：超過200萬肯尼亞人正遭受與氣候有關(guān)的饑餓。A.afraidof害怕；B.fightingfor為……而戰(zhàn)；C.sufferingfrom遭受；D.leadingto導(dǎo)致。根據(jù)下文“climaterelatedstarvation”可知，超過200萬肯尼亞人正遭受與氣候有關(guān)的饑餓。故選C。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到2025年，世界上一半的人口將面臨水資源短缺。A.shortage短缺；B.waste浪費(fèi)；C.pollution污染；D.damage破壞。根據(jù)上文“thethreatofclimatechange”可知，到2025年，世界上一半的人口將面臨水資源短缺。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個(gè)植樹計(jì)劃，以加強(qiáng)肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全。A.Forced強(qiáng)迫；B.Noticed注意到；C.Inspired啟發(fā)；D.Discouraged使泄氣。根據(jù)下文“bythegreatenvironmentalistWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiative”可知，此處表示“受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個(gè)植樹計(jì)劃”。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：受偉大的環(huán)保主義者WangariMaathai的啟發(fā)，我發(fā)起了一個(gè)植樹計(jì)劃，以加強(qiáng)肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全。A.encourages鼓勵(lì)；B.enhances增強(qiáng)；C.monitors監(jiān)視；D.controls控制。根據(jù)上文“addressing____4____insecurityintheregionthroughplantingfruittrees”可知，句子表示“我發(fā)起了一個(gè)植樹計(jì)劃，以加強(qiáng)肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)種植了3萬棵果樹，為成千上萬的孩子提供了急需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。A.profit利潤(rùn)；B.shelter庇護(hù)處；C.nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)；D.solution解決辦法。根據(jù)下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，句子表示“我們已經(jīng)種植了3萬棵果樹，為成千上萬的孩子提供了急需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)”。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們有責(zé)任確保孩子們有食物和水。A.worry擔(dān)心；B.responsibility責(zé)任；C.right權(quán)利；D.luck運(yùn)氣。根據(jù)下文“ensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater”可知，確保孩子們有食物和水是我們的責(zé)任。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The2022MediaCooperationForum(論壇)onBeltandRoadwas____36____(grand)heldonTuesdayinXi’an,capitalofNorthwestChina’sShaanxiProvince.In2013,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingproposedtheBeltandRoadInitiative.Overthenext9years,theinitiativehastransformedfromvisionto____37____(real)andbeetheworld’s____38____(large)internationalcooperationplatform.ThePeople’sDaily,theShaanxiprovincialPartymitteeandtheShaanxiprovincialgovernment____39____(host)theforumwiththetheme“EmbraceGlobalDevelopmentInitiativeandDeeperConnectivity”.Morethan120Chineseandforeignmediarepresentativesfrommorethan40countriesandorganizationsparticipated____40____theforumlive,onvideoandthroughwrittenspeeches.Alsoattendingtheforumwerecentralgovernmentofficials,Chineseexperts____41____BeltandRoadInitiativepanybosses.____42____(schedule)forTuesdayafternoonweretwos