2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)新題精練專(zhuān)題三完形填空考點(diǎn)4背景常識(shí)課件

考點(diǎn)4背景常識(shí)過(guò)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破分類(lèi)強(qiáng)化Cloze

1話題:發(fā)現(xiàn)一本老年人的手抄語(yǔ)錄集主題語(yǔ)境:人與自我詞數(shù):約280

難度:★★★☆☆

[2023山西太原一模]Inourlivingroom,wehaveabookshelf.Wecallitthe"

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treasury"becauseanyofourguestscantakeanybookfromitand

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anybooktoit.Ourhomeoftenhostseventswithhundredsofdifferentpeoplepassingthroughit.Butnoone

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wherethebookscomeorgo.It'sallbasedontrust.

Thesebooksaretypicallyofthe

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types—fromJackCanfield'sChicken

Soup

for

the

Soul,toself-helpbookslikeThe

Power

of

Now,toRomainRolland'sVies

des

Hommes

Illustres.Ican'treally

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whatI'llfindonaparticularday.

Theotherday,I

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onaredbook.It

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becauseithadspeciallittlewhiteheartsonitandnotitle.IcheckedoutPageOne.Ithadahandwritteninscriptioninblackink:

To:DJ

BurrowesFrom:Grandma

and

Grandpa

BurrowesIquicklyturnedtoa

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pageinthebook.Ispottedaquote,withacrossedoutwordwrittenintheseemingly

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handwritingofelderlyGrandmaorGrandpaBurrowes.ThenIcouldn'twaitto

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theinside.

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,everypagehadahandwrittenquotebyDJ'sgrandparents.Itwasa(n)

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ofgrandparents'quotesgoingbackovermanyyears!Theyhadgivenittotheirgrandsonandnow,DJgaveittous.Itwasthisgiftthat

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allofus!

Acoupleofweeksback,DJdecidedtoleaveAmericatogoonanopen-endedtriptoChina.Beforeleaving,hecameforan

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atourplace,puttingthisbookontheshelfwithoutlettingusknow.Heexpressedhissilent

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inthiswayforwhathebenefitedfromoursharing.WestoodinaweoftheBurrowesfamilyforwhattheyleftus.

1A.shared B.secret

C.virtual

D.personal2A.lend B.read

C.rent

D.contribute3A.replies B.tracks

C.guesses D.minds4A.inspiring B.professional C.amusing D.creative5A.ignore B.limit

C.predict D.doubt6A.kept B.chanced C.touched D.depended7A.turnedup B.fadedaway C.stoodout D.tookplace8A.correct B.blank

C.random D.familiar9A.shaky B.awful

C.funny

D.strange10A.accept B.explore C.choose D.reflect11A.Unexpectedly B.Hopefully

C.Possibly

D.Thankfully12A.tradition B.direction C.impression D.collection13A.comforted B.caught

C.connected D.attracted14A.adventure B.event

C.honor

D.order15A.ambition B.sympathy C.promise D.gratitude【解析】

作者家里經(jīng)常舉行"共享圖書(shū)"活動(dòng)。一天,作者無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)一本書(shū),里面每一頁(yè)都有老年人手寫(xiě)的語(yǔ)錄,原來(lái)這本書(shū)是DJ為了默默地感謝作者的分享給他帶來(lái)的好處而留下的。1.A邏輯推理根據(jù)下文中的"becauseanyofourguestscantakeanybookfromitand

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anybooktoit"可知,此處指"共享圖書(shū)寶庫(kù)",故選A項(xiàng)。shared"分享的,共有的";secret"秘密的";virtual"虛擬的,模擬的";personal"個(gè)人的"。

2.D邏輯推理根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和上文中的"anyofourguestscantakeanybookfromit"及下文中的"Butnoone

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wherethebookscomeorgo"可知,此處與take對(duì)照,表示客人也可以將任何一本貢獻(xiàn)出來(lái),故選D項(xiàng)。lend"借出";read"閱讀";rent"租用";contribute"貢獻(xiàn),捐獻(xiàn)"。

3.B語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的"wherethebookscomeorgo.It'sallbasedontrust"可知,沒(méi)有人追查這些書(shū)的來(lái)歷和去向,故選B項(xiàng)。reply"回答";track"追蹤";guess"猜測(cè)";mind"介意"。4.A背景常識(shí)根據(jù)下文中的"fromJackCanfield'sChicken

Soup

for

the

Soul...toRomainRolland'sVies

des

Hommes

Illustres"并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,這些書(shū)都是鼓舞人心的,故選A項(xiàng)。inspiring"鼓舞人心的";professional"專(zhuān)業(yè)的,嫻熟的";amusing"好笑的";creative"有創(chuàng)造力的"。5.C語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)上文中的"anyofourguestscantakeanybookfromitand

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anybooktoit""Butnoone

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wherethebookscomeorgo"可知,作者真的無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)在某一天會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么書(shū)籍,故選C項(xiàng)。ignore"忽視";limit"限制";predict"預(yù)測(cè)";doubt"懷疑"。

【知識(shí)拓展】

18種高頻前綴小結(jié)1.pre-表示"先于,在……之前":predict預(yù)料,precaution預(yù)防2.fore-表示"先于,預(yù)先;在……的前部":forecast預(yù)報(bào),foresee預(yù)料,forehead前額,foreleg前腿3.ex-表示"以前的,前任的;向外":ex-soldier退役軍人,expand擴(kuò)大,extend延伸4.post-表示"后,以后":post-war戰(zhàn)后的,postgraduate研究生5.re-表示"再,重新":reconsider重新考慮,relocate重新安置,replace把……放回原處6.sub-,under-表示"在……下面(或底下);在……以下,少于,低于":subway地鐵,underline在……下畫(huà)線,underestimate低估7.over-表示"過(guò)于,太;完全地;上面,外面":overload使超載,overweight超重的,overjoyed非常高興,overcoat長(zhǎng)大衣8.super-表示"超級(jí);上方":superglue強(qiáng)力膠,super-efficient效率極高的,superstructure上層建筑9.extra-表示"超出;非常,十分":extraordinary非凡的,extracurricular課外的,extra-thin特別瘦的10.in-,im-表示"不,非":incomplete不完全的;impossible不可能的11.inter-表示"在……之間,相互":interstate州際的,interpersonal人際的,international國(guó)際的,interact互相影響12.co-表示"和……一起,共同":cooperate合作,coexist共存,co-author合著者13.tele-表示"遠(yuǎn)程的,通過(guò)電話的":telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡,teleshopping電話(或電視)購(gòu)物,telesales電話銷(xiāo)售6.B語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)上文中的"Ican'treally

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whatI'llfindonaparticularday"可知,作者是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)的。故選B項(xiàng)。keepon"繼續(xù)";chanceon"偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)";touchon"提及";dependon"取決于"。

7.C固定搭配根據(jù)下文中的"becauseithadspeciallittlewhiteheartsonitandnotitle"可知,這本書(shū)很顯眼,故選C項(xiàng)。turnup"出現(xiàn)";fadeaway"衰弱";standout"突出,顯眼";takeplace"發(fā)生"。8.C語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,作者隨便翻開(kāi)一頁(yè),故選C項(xiàng)。correct"正確的";blank"空白的";random"隨機(jī)的";familiar"熟悉的"。9.A背景常識(shí)根據(jù)常識(shí)和下文中的"elderlyGrandmaorGrandpaBurrowes"并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,這是老年人顫抖的筆跡,故選A項(xiàng)。shaky"顫抖的,搖晃的";awful"可怕的,很壞的";funny"有趣的";strange"奇怪的"。10.B語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的"everypagehadahandwrittenquotebyDJ'sgrandparents"可知,作者迫不及待地想要探索里面的內(nèi)容,故選B項(xiàng)。accept"接受";explore"探索";choose"選擇";reflect"反映"。11.A語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)下文中的"everypagehadahandwrittenquotebyDJ'sgrandparents"和語(yǔ)境可知,作者沒(méi)預(yù)料到書(shū)中每一頁(yè)都有DJ的祖父母手寫(xiě)的語(yǔ)錄,故選A項(xiàng)。unexpectedly"出乎意料地";hopefully"有希望地";possibly"可能";thankfully"幸虧,高興地"。14.auto-表示"自動(dòng)的;自己的":automatic自動(dòng)的,autobiography自傳15.by-表示"次要的;附近":by-product副產(chǎn)品,bystander旁觀者16.micro-表示"微小的,規(guī)模小的":microchip微芯片,microscope顯微鏡17.trans-表示"橫穿,通過(guò);進(jìn)入,成為":transcontinental橫貫大陸的,transform改變,transplant移植18.bio-表示"生物的;人生的":biodiversity生物多樣性,bioengineering生物工程,biography傳記12.D語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)上文中的"everypagehadahandwrittenquotebyDJ'sgrandparents"可知,這是一本多年前祖父母手抄的語(yǔ)錄集,故選D項(xiàng)。tradition"傳統(tǒng)";direction"方向";impression"印象";collection"作品集"。13.C邏輯推理基于上文對(duì)"共享圖書(shū)寶庫(kù)"的介紹和上文中的"DJgaveittous""Itwasthisgift"可知,這本書(shū)放在這里供大家閱讀,所以把所有人聯(lián)系在了一起,故選C項(xiàng)。comfort"安慰";catch"抓住";connect"把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)";attract"吸引"。14.B復(fù)現(xiàn)信息根據(jù)上文中的"Ourhomeoftenhostseventswithhundredsofdifferentpeoplepassingthroughit"以及語(yǔ)境可知,DJ是來(lái)參加一個(gè)活動(dòng)的,故選B項(xiàng)。adventure"冒險(xiǎn),奇遇";event"活動(dòng)";honor"榮譽(yù)";order"命令"。15.D語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義根據(jù)上文中的"puttingthisbookontheshelfwithoutlettingusknow"和下文中的"forwhathebenefitedfromoursharing"可知,他在默默地表示感謝,故選D項(xiàng)。ambition"抱負(fù)";sympathy"同情";promise"承諾";gratitude"感激"。Cloze

2話題:小舉動(dòng)說(shuō)明大道理主題語(yǔ)境:人與自我詞數(shù):約210

難度:★★★☆☆

[2023湖南長(zhǎng)沙適應(yīng)性考試]OnedayChristopherColumbuswasatapartythataSpanishgentlemangaveinhishonor.Peopleweresaying,"Whatagreat

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youhavemade!"However,severalpeoplepresentwereenviousofhim.TheybegantotrytomakeColumbus

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.

"Youhavediscoverednew

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beyondtheseas,"theysaid,"butwhatofthat?Anybodycan

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acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.Itisthe

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thingintheworld.Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That'snota(n)

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feat(功績(jī))."

Columbusmadeno

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,butafterawhilehetookaneggfromadishandsaidtothecompany,"Whoamongyou,gentlemen,canmakethisegg

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onend?"

"That'simpossible,"thehostreplied."Youwouldneedtobea

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todothat."Onebyone,thoseatthetable

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theexperiment.

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,noneofthemsucceeded.

Afterashortsilence,Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend

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uponthetablesoasto__13__theshell(殼)alittle.Afterthat,therewasno

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inmakingitstandupright."Gentlemen,"saidhe,"whatiseasierthantodothatwhichyousaidwasimpossible?Itisthesimplestthingintheworld.Anybodycandoit—AFTERHEHASBEEN

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HOW!"

1A.decision B.schedule C.discovery D.statement2A.unhurt B.uncomfortable C.unfortunate D.unafraid3A.substances B.oceans C.lands D.treasures4A.sail

B.run

C.walk

D.hike5A.greatest B.worst C.hardest D.simplest6A.small B.useless C.remarkable D.ordinary7A.apology B.answer C.mistake D.secret8A.roll B.sit

C.fall

D.stand9A.magician B.sailor C.planner D.doctor10A.evaluated B.finished C.tried D.designed11A.Aboveall B.Atlast C.Forinstance D.Inaddition12A.gently B.violently C.heavily D.critically13A.find B.change C.hide D.break14A.trouble B.fun C.reaction D.point15A.HIT B.SHOWN C.EXPLODED D.SET【解析】

一天,克里斯托弗·哥倫布參加了一個(gè)西班牙紳士為他舉辦的聚會(huì),在場(chǎng)的幾個(gè)人很嫉妒他,于是他們就說(shuō)了一些哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸不是一個(gè)了不起的功績(jī)之類(lèi)的話。哥倫布沒(méi)有回答,而是用一個(gè)雞蛋告訴在場(chǎng)的人一個(gè)大道理:"沒(méi)有什么比做你們說(shuō)不可能的事情更容易。這是世界上最簡(jiǎn)單的事情。任何人都可以做到,只要有人教過(guò)他怎么做!"1.C背景常識(shí)眾所周知,哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸是一個(gè)偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn),故選C。makeadiscovery為固定短語(yǔ),意為"有發(fā)現(xiàn)"。decision"決定";schedule"日程表";discovery"發(fā)現(xiàn)";statement"聲明"。2.B邏輯推理

beenviousof為固定短語(yǔ),意為"嫉妒"。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,有些在場(chǎng)的人嫉妒哥倫布,由此可知,此處應(yīng)指他們想方設(shè)法使哥倫布感到不自在,故選B。unhurt"未受傷";uncomfortable"不自在的";unfortunate"不幸的";unafraid"不害怕的"。3.C背景常識(shí)哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí),故選C。substance"物質(zhì)";treasure"珍寶"。4.A背景常識(shí)根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,要想從大洋中穿過(guò),必須航行過(guò)去,故選A。sail"航行,乘船航行";hike"徒步旅行"。5.D邏輯推理

析語(yǔ)境:根據(jù)前一句可知,他們認(rèn)為任何人都可以橫渡大洋,任何人都可以沿著大洋另一邊的島嶼航行→做推斷:此句應(yīng)指他們認(rèn)為這是最簡(jiǎn)單的事情→定答案:simplest"最簡(jiǎn)單的",故選D?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】

高考完形填空的語(yǔ)篇中交織滲透著各種背景知識(shí)和常識(shí)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí),除了通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷之外,還可以充分利用個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí),從而快速、準(zhǔn)確地判斷出答案。6.C邏輯推理根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,他們認(rèn)為發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸不足為奇,這是世界上最簡(jiǎn)單的事情,因此這不是什么非凡的壯舉,故選C。useless"無(wú)用的";remarkable"非凡的";ordinary"普通的"。7.B邏輯推理根據(jù)下文中的"butafterawhilehetookan