備考2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時提能第一部分過透教材Unit5Learningfromnature外研版選擇性必修第三冊

Unit5Learningfromnature一、閱讀理解A[2024貴州貴陽摸底]Dandelion（蒲公英）seedscantravelformilesbeforefinallyfloatingdownandsettlingsomewherenew.Researchersrecentlydiscoveredhowtheplantsdecidetospread."Wenoticedthatthedandelionparachute（著陸傘）isclosedinfoggymorningsbutthenopenagainwhenthesunisupduringtheday，"accordingtoNaomiNakayama，aresearcherofbioengineering."Thedandelionusesabunchofhairstoimproveairdragandaiditsflight.Unlikeinsectsorbirds，theydon’tneedanyenergyinputtoflyalongdistance—evenhundredsofkilometers—theysimplycatchthewind."Researchersdiscoveredtheparachutesopenandcloseusingwhattheysayislikeanactuator（觸動器），adevicethatchangesenergyandsignalsintomovement.Butthisactuatordoesn’tuseanyenergy.Themiddleofthedandelion’sparachuteisabletosensetheamountofhumidity（濕度）byabsorbingwatermolecules（分子）intheair.Usingsignalsabouthumidityinformation，theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyoffortheyclosethemandstaywheretheyare."Thecenteroftheparachutechangesitsshape，movingthehairsaltogetherinunison（一起），"Nakayamasays."It’sbasicallyaspongemadeofno-longerlivingplantcells，whicharearrangedinatubeemptyinside.Theinnersideandtheoutersideswellwithwatertodifferentdegrees，andthatdrivesthemovement."Knowingwhatcausesdandelionstospreadtheirseedscouldhelpscientistslearnhowtheydealwithclimatechange.Theysayunderstandingtheresponsecouldhelpresearchersdesignnewsoftrobots，whicharethosemadefromflexiblematerialsthatimitatesoftbodies."Howplantsmovetheirbodypartsaredifferentfromanimalsandasimple，localizedexpansioncouldbeenoughtomovearms，"Nakayamasays."Movementofafewarmshasbeenachieved，butthisisthefirstofmanyarmactuators.Itissimpleindesign，sothereisalotofspaceforbiomimicry（仿生學(xué)）."本文主要介紹了蒲公英種子傳播的原理以及該原理對仿生學(xué)的幫助。1.Whatmakesthedandelionfly？A.Energy. B.Wind.C.Fog. D.Parachute.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由常識和第一段中的"Unlikeinsectsorbirds，theydon’tneedanyenergyinputtoflyalongdistance—evenhundredsofkilometers—theysimplycatchthewind"可知，蒲公英依靠風(fēng)力翱翔，故本題選B。2.Howdothedandelionparachutesdecidetoworkfromthesecondparagraph？A.Byspreadingtheirseeds.B.Bychangingenergyintomovement.C.Byfeelinghumidityinformation.D.Bystayingwheretheyare.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"Usingsignalsabouthumidityinformation，theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyoffortheyclosethemandstaywheretheyare"可知，通過運用與濕度信息有關(guān)的信號，蒲公英可以確定自己的行動，故本題選C。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A.Scientistsmakearobotoutofdandelions.B.Plantsmovejustlikeanimals.C.Dandelionsmovewitharms.D.Plantscaninspirebiomimicry.解析D推理推斷題。由最終一段中的"Theysayunderstandingtheresponsecouldhelpresearchersdesignnewsoftrobots，whicharethosemadefromflexiblematerialsthatimitatesoftbodies"和"Itissimpleindesign，sothereisalotofspaceforbiomimicry（仿生學(xué)）"可推知，本題選D。4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.ObservingDandelionsB.DandelionsandClimateChangeC.MakingSoftRobotsD.DandelionsandBiomimicry解析D標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文前三段揭秘了蒲公英傳播種子的原理，最終一段介紹了蒲公英傳播種子的方式對仿生學(xué)的幫助，故D項做文章標題最佳。B[2024廣東南粵名校聯(lián)考]WhenSarahLeewasachild，shelovedtowatchthebirdsinherbackyardandwonderedhowtheycouldflysoeffortlessly.Asshegrewolder，Sarahbecameinterestedinthesciencebehindflight，soshedecidedtostudyaerospaceengineeringincollege.Aftergraduation，Sarahbeganworkingforacompanythatdesignedairplanes.However，shesoonrealizedthatthetraditionalmethodsofairplanedesignwerenotalwaysefficientorsustainable.Shebegantowonderiftherewasawaytodesignairplanesthatmimickedthenaturalworld.Sarahstartedtostudybirdsandinsects，observinghowtheywereabletoflywithsuchgraceandefficiency.Sheaskedquestionslike：Howdobirdsadjusttheirwingstodifferentwindconditions？Howdoinsectsusetheirwingstohoverinplace？Withthisknowledge，Sarahbegantodesignairplanesthatincorporatedbiomimicry，ortheimitationofnature.Shecreatedwingsthatcouldadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions，justlikeabird’swings.Shealsodesignedplanesthatcouldhoverinplace，likeadragonfly.Sarah’sdesignswereahit.Hercompanybegantoproduceairplanesthatweremoreefficientandsustainablethaneverbefore.Theyusedlessfuelandemittedfewerpollutantsintotheair.Sarahnowtravelsaroundtheworld，givingtalksonthebenefitsofbiomimicryinengineering."Naturehasbeensolvingproblemsformillionsofyears，"shesays."Wecanlearnalotfromthenaturalworldifwejusttakethetimetoobserveandaskquestions."從小對飛行背后的科學(xué)感愛好的Sarah在高校學(xué)習(xí)了航空航天工程。在從業(yè)后她通過探討仿生學(xué)設(shè)計出了高效的飛機。1.WhatmadeSarahLeechoosetomajorinaerospaceengineering？A.Herfascinationwithairplanes.B.Herinterestinflightscience.C.Herchildhooddreamofbecomingapilot.D.Herloveforwatchingbirdsinherbackyard.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Asshegrewolder，Sarahbecameinterestedinthesciencebehindflight，soshedecidedtostudyaerospaceengineeringincollege"可知，本題選B項。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimicked"inparagraph2probablymean？A.Violated. B.Imitated.C.Resembled. D.Pretended.解析B詞義揣測題。由第四段中的"Withthisknowledge，Sarahbegantodesignairplanesthatincorporatedbiomimicry，ortheimitationofnature"可推知，mimicked與句中的imitation意義相通，故選B項。3.WhatisoneexampleofbiomimicryinSarah’sairplanedesigns？A.Wingsthatadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions.B.Enginesthatrunonrenewableenergysources.C.Cockpitsthatmimicthestructureofabird’snest.D.Landingdevicesthatresembleinsectlegs.解析A微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Shecreatedwingsthatcouldadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions，justlikeabird’swings"可知，本題選A項。4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheairplanesdesignedbySarahLeefromthetext？A.Theywerenotthatpopularasexpectedatfirst.B.Theyranonsustainableenergycompletely.C.Theycouldholdmuchmorepassengersthanformerairplanes.D.Theycausedlesspollutiontotheenvironmentthanformerairplanes.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"Theyusedlessfuelandemittedfewerpollutantsintotheair"可知，本題選D項。C[2024遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體考試]Thereisnolackofexcellentflyingbuilders—suchasbees—innature.Tobuildanest，theseinsectsteamuptocollecttheneededmaterialsandfollowthespecificationofacomplexdesignthatendsupbeingmanytimestheirsize.Thisbuildingprocesstakesmonths，evenlongerthantheiraveragelifespan，duringwhichtheinsectsmustadjustastheygo.Inspiredbytheseinsectbuildingteams，MirkoKovac，aroboticist，developedawaytoimprove3Dprintingfortheconstructionindustry.Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle（噴嘴），andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.Besides，3Dconstructionroboticscurrentlyfocusesmostlyonground-basedrobots.Andlarge-scalesystemsthatneedtobeconnectedtoapowersupplyarelimitedinplaceswheretheycanbelaidout.DrKovac’steamhasremovedtheselimitationsbygivingtheprinternozzlewings.DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofdrones：BuilDronesandScanDrones.First，abuilderfliesoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial，thescannerrobotfliesoverandinspectstheprogress.Thescannerthencalculatesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake，whilealsocorrectinganyerrorsthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Atthispoint，peoplecanalsostepintheprocesswhennecessary.Theresearcherstestedthesystem’scapabilitiesbybuildingbothalargecylinder（圓柱體）（72layersand2meterstall）madeofalightweightmaterial，andasmallone（28layers，18cm）madeofahigh-densitymixture.Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked，becausetheperfectalignmentrequiredwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve.Asaresult，DrKovac’srobotspassedthetestwithflyingcolors—thecylinderswerebuilttowithin5mmofthewidthandheightoftheplannedstructures，whichisofsufficientquality，asfarasBritishbuildingrequirementsareconcerned.Becausetheflyingrobotscan，intheory，operateanywhere，theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces.本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個機器人專家受到了蜜蜂的啟發(fā)建立機器人的過程以及該機器人潛在的應(yīng)用。1.Whatisthedisadvantageofconventional3Dconstructionrobots？A.Theylackflexibility.B.They’reelectricity-consuming.C.They’rehardtosetupandoperate.D.Theymakenozzlessubjecttowearandtear.解析A推理推斷題。由其次段中的"Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle（噴嘴），andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.Besides，3Dconstructionroboticscurrentlyfocusesmostlyonground-basedrobots.Andlarge-scalesystemsthatneedtobeconnectedtoapowersupplyarelimitedinplaceswheretheycanbelaidout"可知，本題選A。2.WhatareScanDronesresponsiblefor？A.Spreadingbuildingmaterialslayerbylayer.B.Monitoringthebuildingprocessinrealtime.C.Warninghumanoperatorsofpotentialerrors.D.SupplyingBuilDroneswithbuildingmaterials.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial，thescannerrobotfliesoverandinspectstheprogress"可知，ScanDrones負責(zé)實時監(jiān)控建筑過程，故選B。3.Howdidtheresearchersfindtheirinnovation？A.Confusing. B.Immature.C.Tolerable. D.Impressive.解析D推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段中的"Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked，becausetheperfectalignmentrequiredwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve.Asaresult，DrKovac’srobotspassedthetestwithflyingcolors—thecylinderswerebuilttowithin5mmofthewidthandheightoftheplannedstructures，whichisofsufficientquality，asfarasBritishbuildingrequirementsareconcerned"可知，本題選D。4.Whatmighttheauthortalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs？A.Theessentialmaintenanceofthesystem.B.Ecologicalchallengesoflightweightmaterials.C.Potentialapplicationsofthenewconstructionrobots.D.Thesystem’slong-termimpactonhumanconstructors.解析C推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)第一段"Becausetheflyingrobotscan，intheory，operateanywhere，theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces"可知，最終一段闡述了理論上這種機器人所能做到的，由此推斷接下來作者有可能探討新型機器人的潛在的應(yīng)用，故選C。三、語法填空[2024河南二十名校調(diào)研]WuQinXicanberegardedasthe1（early）formofMedicalQigonginChinesehistory，datingbacktotheEasternHanDynasty.The2（create）ofWuQinXiwascreditedtothefamousChinesephysicianHuaTuo3hadgreatskillsasasurgeon，acupuncturist（針灸師）andherbalist.WuQinXiis4setofDaoyin（deepstretching）andTuNa（deepbreathing）exercisethatimitates（仿照）theactionsofanimals，5（base）onthehabitsofthetiger，deer，bear，monkeyandbird.It6（practice