高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)：時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does/is/are/am

1、經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況

Howoftendoesshevisitherparents?

2、永恒的真理Summerfollowsspring.

3、①在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中

Ifyouseeherintheparty,pleasetellher

thenews

Whenshecomesback,Iwilltellherthe

news

試比較

Canyoutellmewhenshewillcomeback?

②討論時(shí)間表或行程表時(shí)

Theplanetakesoffat7：30,westillhave

anhourtogo.

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/are/amdoini

1、說(shuō)話時(shí)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況

Someone'sknockingatthedoor.Canyou

answerit?

2、表示將來(lái)

用于表示趨向的動(dòng)詞如:go,come,arrive,

leave,start

He'sarrivingtomorrowmorning.

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1、用will表示

①談及臨時(shí)隨即作出的一項(xiàng)決定。

—ohmygod,Ileftmykeysinyourcar.

---don'tworry,Iwillgetthemforyou

afterthework.

②Iwill/Wewill表示有強(qiáng)烈意圖

Iwillsaynomoreonthesematters,

importantthoughtheyare.

2、用begoingto表示

①已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好要做的事情

We'regoingtoFrancenextsummer.

②有跡象表明即將會(huì)發(fā)生的事情

Lookatthoseclouds—it9sgoingtorain.

3、用beabouttodosth表示“正要”，“正打

算％通常后面不跟一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間。

Iwasabouttoleavewhentherewasa

knockatthedoor.

4、在英語(yǔ)里，“be+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示

將來(lái)時(shí)間，它的具體用法如下：

1.表示“按計(jì)劃、安排（要做某事）”。

Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.

TheyaretogotravellinginAugust.

2.表示“命令”。例如：

Youaretobebackbeforefiveo'clock.

Theroomistobelocked.

3.表示“職責(zé)”。例如:

Iamtoinformyouthatthemeetingwillbe

heldinWuhan.

Heistodesignanewmachine.

4.表示“目的

Theprizewastohonourhimforhisgreat

discoveries.

5.表示“用途”。

Apenistowritewith.

6.表示“命中注定工

Theywerenevertomeetagain.

7.表示“應(yīng)該做（某事）9,o

Whatarewetodonext?

Whatistobedonewhensomethinggetsinto

youreyes?

8.表示“可能性”。

It*seleveno'clocknow.HeistogettoMike's

house.

Let'sseewhoistowinthegame.

9.表示“征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)”。

AmItogoonwiththework?

Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?

5.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：willbedoing

表示將來(lái)某時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：

Wewillbeenjoyingarelaxedsummer

holidaywithoutanyhomeworktodonext

year.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havedone

1、常與下列詞連用：for,-,since*,%

ecently/lately,sofar,inthelast/pastfew

years,uptillnow,bynow,uptonow,

etc.

Fveplanted14treessofarthismorning.

ShestudiedEnglishforfouryearsin

college,butshecanhardlysayasingle

wordnow.

WehavelearnedEnglishforalmostten

years,butwestillcan'twriteagood

composition.

2、盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影

響或結(jié)果。常和下列詞連用：ever,already,

never,yet,before

Ihavealreadyseenthismovietwice.

Haveyoueverheardsuchastorybefore?

4、終止性動(dòng)詞begin,borrow,come,die,

join,buy,leave等可用完成時(shí)，但不能和for+

時(shí)間段,howlong等時(shí)間詞連用。

for+日寸間段，howlong等時(shí)間詞常用beon,

keep,behere,bedead,bein,have,beaway

Thisfilmhasbegun。

Howlonghasthisfilmbeenon?

5、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

This/itisthefirst（most/only/best）+n.+

thatsb/sthhas/havedone

ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthis

city.

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

has/havebeendoing

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作

延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或仍在進(jìn)行.

I'vewrittenanarticle.（已完成）

I'vebeenwritinganarticle.（還在寫）

7.一般過(guò)去時(shí)did/was/were

1、過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

WhenIwasachildwealwayswenttothe

seasideinAugust.

2、usedtodo:表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在不存在

Iusedtosmoke,butIdon'tanymore.

Be/getused/accustomedtosth/doingsth

Iamused/accustomedtogettingupearly

inthemorning.

Beusedtodo

Bambooisusedtomakeallkindsof

furnitureinthepastinchina.

3、用在ifs(high)time,wouldrather,would

youmindif后面的從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表

示將來(lái)的行為

It'stimethatyouwenthome.

I'dratheryoucametomorrow.

WouldyoumindifIaskedyouavery

personalquestion?

8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoinw

1、過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情

Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayatseven

p.m.?

2、在一個(gè)句子里，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一般過(guò)

去時(shí)連用

Whenshearrived,IwastelephoningHarry.

ThereportersaidthattheUFOwas

travelingtowestwhenhesawit.

9.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddo

1、從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看未來(lái)，常用在賓語(yǔ)從

句中或間接引語(yǔ)中

Lastweekhepromisedthathewouldcome

today,buthehasn'tarrivedyet.

2、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其它主要形式

was/weregoingto

was/wereaboutto

WewerejustgoingtoleavewhenTomfell

andhurthisankle.

Iwasabouttoleavethepartywhensb

calledmebymynameinthecrowd.

10.過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone

1、過(guò)去發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去

完成時(shí)

WiththeirhelpIrealizedthatIhadbeen

wrong.

2、過(guò)去某時(shí)以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況

Hehadn'tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.

3、常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的情況

①Nosooner...thansb...

Hardly...when...

Nosoonerhadhebeqimhisspeechthanhe

wasinterrupted.

HardlyhadIgotintothedoorwhenthe

showerpoureddownheavily.

②expect,hope,think,want,suppose等

詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)（或一般時(shí)）表示想做而

做的事

Ihadplannedtosendhimatelegram,

butIdidn'tmanageit.

4、常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間主狀語(yǔ)

bytheendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間；

bythetime+過(guò)去時(shí)間；

比較：

Bythetimehewas11,hehadlearned

3000words.

Bythetimeheis11,hewillhave

learned3000words.

Bythetimelastweek,Ihadlearned

3000words.

Bythetimenextweek,Iwillhave

learned3000words

II.動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。

Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.

Muchattentionmustbepaidtoyour

handwriting.

Everyminutemustbemadefulluseofto

studyEnglish.

2.下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義

1.不及物動(dòng)詞與副詞連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的

品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞是：sell,read,write,fill,

cook,lock,wash等。

Thesebookssellwell.

Thepenw