Unit+2+Natural+Disasters+Grammar+and+usage+非謂語動詞講解高中英語譯林版（2020）必修第三冊

一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時，就需要使用非謂語動詞。todo不定式動名詞分詞doing-ed-ingNon-finiteverb主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

01

不定式todo做主語1)ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.2)Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.3)It‘simportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Itis+adj.(easy,difficult,important…)forsb.todosth.Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)todosthItis+adj.(kind,nice,generous)ofsb.todosth.(形容人的品質(zhì))Ittakes/needs/requires(sb)sometime/hours/months/days/patiencetodosth01

不定式todo做主語主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

02不定式todo做賓語動詞不定式作動詞賓語Ihavedecidedtostudyengineering.Idon’twanttogoshopping.wishhopeofferdecidetendarrange

promiserefusepretendexpectdareplanagreemanagepreparedesiredetermine

failafford

prefer總結(jié)：常用不定式作賓語的動詞有：主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

03不定式todo做表語當句子的主語是aim/purpose/intention/plan/wish/decision/choice/job/task/duty等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。Herwishisalawyer.Yourtasktodayisthecurtains.Sheisnextweek.Whattheoldmanlikesistowatchchildrenplay.tobecometowashtoreturn主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

04不定式todo做定語ThetraintoarriveisfromAustralia.MarieCuriewasthefirstpersontoreceiveNobelPrizes.Hehasnotkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.Threeyearslater,hehadachancetogotoAustralia.不定式做后置定語：(1)表示將來的動作(要做）(2)序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級或被only,last,next等修飾的名詞用不定式作定語。(3)同源詞可以帶不定式的名詞后用不定式修飾，如attempt,decision,promise,plan,ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等(4)用于抽象名詞wish,chance;idea;belief;way;moment;time后04不定式todo做定語Ineedapieceofpaper_____________(write).Thereisnothingtoworry______.Pleasesgivemeaknifetocut_______.不定式做后置定語：如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞,不能省略。towriteonwithabout主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

不定式作狀語：1)Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2)I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.3)Irushedtotheairport,onlytofindthatJohnhadgone.05不定式todo做狀語目的原因結(jié)果只有不定式可以作目的狀語：06不定式todo做狀語soasto.../inorderto.../to...

Shegotupearly(soas)to/(inorder)tocatchupthefirstbus._______________________(avoid)fallingintothesameoldtrapagain,weshouldlearnfrompastmistakes.注意：soasto只能放在句中，不能放在句首。Toavoid/Inordertoavoid不定式作結(jié)果狀語：06不定式todo做狀語常用于enough…to,too…to,so…asto,onlyto…,等。Heissocleverastosolvethisquestion.Sheistootiredtodothejob.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(onlyto常表示令人意外的結(jié)果)不定式作原因狀語：06不定式todo做狀語在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等形容詞后用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。如：sorry,surprised,glad,disappointed,excited,happy等。Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.I’mgladtoseeyoulookingsowell.用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對整個句子進行解釋，如:tobefrank/honest/exact/brieftobesure tobegin/startwith tomakethingsworsetoconclude tosaynothingof（更不用說，而且還）nottomention

不定式todo插入語主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

06不定式todo做補語1）advise,cause,allow,permit,forbid,ask,beg,encourage,drive,invite,order,force,persuade等動詞后用不定式作賓補。

V+sb+(not)todoThedoctorwarnedhim___________(eat)toomuchmeet.nottoeat2)表示見解\看法的動詞后用不定式作賓補。believe,consider,declare,discover,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,Ibelievehim(tobe)anhonestman.Weallconsiderhim(tobe)abrilliantfootballer.06不定式todo做補語3）arrangefor,longfor,waitfor,callon,dependon,relyon,etc.等詞組后用不定式作賓補。

v.+sb./sth.+todoWearealllongingforthesummertobeover.Youcan’tdependonhimtoarriveontime.不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)1.不定式的一般形式通常與謂語動作同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。Wedecidedtoleaveearly.Thistableneedstobecleaned.2.不定式進行式表示動作正在進行Heseemstobesayingsomethingnow.3.不定式完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thenovelissaidtohavebeenpublished.

不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)不定式主動形式被動形式一般式完成式進行式todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendone/

非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)---LiMingissaid_________abroad.Doyouknowwhichcountry---Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?heisstudyingin?ABCHepretended____________(sleep)whenhismothercameintohisroom.tobesleeping非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)不定式主動表被動Noneofusistoblameforthat.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Thismachineisimpossibletorepair.Theairisthintobreathe.easy,difficult,hard,simple,dangerous,convenient,pleasant，interesting,clearShecouldnothelpbut_________(leave)herchildrenathome.cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbut/cannotbutdo

Wehadnochoicebut_____(arrive)late.havenochoice/alternativebuttodoLastnightIdidnothingbut_________(prepare)mylessons.Ithadnoeffectexcept_________(make)himangry.Shewantednothingbut_______(leave)theplace.有do沒to；沒do有to

不定式todo其他用法主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

01

動名詞做主語1.作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。Seeingisbelieving.(眼見為實)Collectingstamps

isagoodhobby.(單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))01

動名詞做主語固定句式It’snouse/nogood/greatfundoingsth.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.Thereisnopoint/nousedoingsth.Thereisnotelling/knowing/denyingthatItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’sawasteoftimeplayinggame.Thereisnopointstudyingwithoutthinking.ThereisnodenyingthatChinaisplayinganimportantpartintheworld.主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

02

動名詞做賓語動名詞作動詞賓語hecouldnotrisklosingthegoodopportunity.Ican’tstandworkingwithJane.admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,stand,finish,complete,imagine,fancy,mind,miss,practise,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,keep,consider總結(jié)：常用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：02動名詞做賓語動名詞作動詞賓語Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.Heisaddictedtoplayingvideogame.lookforwardto,payattentionto,turnto,getdownto,onone’swayto,devote…to,stickto,objectto,contributeto,leadto,beusedto,can’thelp,feellike,spend/wastetime(in),havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in),befondof,betiredof總結(jié)：常用動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有：02

非謂語動詞做賓語注意:某些動詞后可用doing,也可用todo作賓語,但意義不同。1)stop/goonIstoppedworkingandlookedathim.Hestoppedtolookathim.2)remember/forget/regretRemembertolockthedoor.Irememberlockingthedoor.3)try/meanItriedknockingatthedoor,butnobodyanswered.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglish.02

非謂語動詞做賓語4)allow/advise/permitWedon’tallow

___________(smoke)

inthehall.Myparentsdon’tallowme

__________(go)

atnight.smokingtogoout主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

03

動名詞做表語Hisjobisfolksongs.=Collectingfolksongsishisjob.collectingYourtasktodayis(wash)thecurtains.towash主語賓語表語定語狀語補語todo

doing

-ed/-ing

04

動名詞做定語動名詞可作前置定語，表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的，可用for改寫swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickaswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping動名詞的邏輯主語winningofthecompetitionmademanypeoplehappy.Wouldyoumindmovingyourcar?

not

havingseenthemdidnotsurpriseme.Loud

crashes

of

breaking

and

falling

on

the

ground

為動名詞添加邏輯主語John’smy/meHisglassthings動名詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)Heattendedthemeetingwithout_____________(ask).Excusemefor____________________yourletterbefore.沒有更早回信請原諒。Shenevertoldmeabouther_________________(interview)bythepolicebefore.她從未告訴我她之前曾接受過警方的采訪beingaskednothavingansweredhavingbeeninterviewed主動形式被動形式一般式完成式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone動名詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)Itisawasteofmoney

(buy)somethingtheydon’tneed.It'simpolite____you

(speak)totheteacherlikethat.Wecan'timagine

(experience)alltheproblemsinthehealth-caresystem.Ithinkitimpossible_______(solve)theprobleminashorttime.Ididn’tmean

(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp

(try)it.Themostimportantpurposeoffirstaidis_______(save)one’slife.Ourplanis______(set)upanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_______(catch).IwasthefirstWesternreporter_______(permit)tofilmavideoforpandas.Anypersonpassingbycan'thelp_________(attract)byher.Irushedtotheairport,only_________(tell)thatJohnhadgone.Thestudentwasshocked_______(read)thenurse’snote.Wehadnochoicebut_____(arrive)late.Thenovelissaidto__________(publish)lastyear._________(notinvite)tothepartymadehimangry.Oldpeopleexpect_________(treat)withtherespectduetotheirage.Thevasesarebelieved________(be)worthover$20000each.Hestoodup,sayingthathewasnottheone_________(blame).04

非謂語動詞做補語3)感官動詞：feel、hear、see、watch、observe、notice被動感官動詞主動、全過程（被動還原to）dodoing-ed主動、動作的某瞬間04

非謂語動詞做補語3)感官動詞：Isawhim_______(make)thephonecall.Isawhim_______(make)aphonecall.Isawhim_______(knock)downbythecar.Isawhim________(beat)byaman.04

非謂語動詞做補語4)使役動詞：make,have,get,keep,leavemakesb/sth

domakesb/sthdoneBemadetodoHecan'tmakehisEnglish_______(understand).Hewasmade______（finish）thejob.04

非謂語動詞做補語4)使役動詞：get,leaveget/leavesb/sthtodoget/leavesb/sthdoingget/leavesb/sthdoneHerparentslefther_______(choose)herownfriends.Don’tleavehim________(wait)outsideintherain.I’llgetmybike______(repair)tomorrow.04

非謂語動詞做補語4)使役動詞：keepsb/sthdoingsb/sthdoneWemustkeepthefire__________(burn).Wemustkeepthefire__________(protect).04

非謂語動