中考專項復(fù)習-現(xiàn)在完成時復(fù)習

ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成形式

have/has+Vpp助動詞過去分詞否認疑問haven’thasn’tHaveyou……?Hashe……?1.規(guī)那么動詞2.不規(guī)那么動詞finish--finished--finishedlive--lived--livedcarry--carried--carriedstop—stopped--stoppedgo—went—gonesee---saw—seenforget—forgot--forgotten

１.肯定句：主語＋have/has+過去分詞＋其他成分。

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句式：２.否認句：主語＋have/has+not+過去分詞＋其他成分。

3.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語＋過去分詞＋其他成分？4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋其他成分？肯定句：Ihavecleanedmybedroom.否認句：Ihaven’tcleanedmybedroom.一般疑問句：Haveyoucleanedyourbedroom?特殊疑問句：Whathaveyoudone?不規(guī)那么動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.三個主要動詞is,ambearewaswerebeenhave/hashadhaddo/doesdiddone2.AAA型〔三者一致〕cutcutcutletletletputputputcostcostcostreadreadreadbeatbeatbeathurthurthurt3.ABA型〔過去分詞與原形一致〕comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun4.ABB型〔過去分詞與過去式一致〕bringbroughtbroughtfindfoundfoundhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptmakemademade此外還有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，feel，fight，forget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay，say，,sell，send，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think,win等等。5.ABC型〔三者不一致〕eatateeatengivegavegivenwritewrotewrittenseesawseengetgotgottenbeginbeganbegun此外還有g(shù)o,take,know,speak,swim等等。現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has+v-ed)1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常和just,already,yet,等連用.(漢語常用“已經(jīng)”“了”“過”來表達)例如:(1)Tomhasjustturnedoffthelight.(2)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(3)Theyhaven’theardfromSamyet.1.already:“已經(jīng)”一般用在完成時態(tài)的肯定句中。

eg:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm．a(chǎn)lready與yet區(qū)別2.already假設(shè)用在疑問句中，常表示吃驚意外的語氣。此時already常放在句末。eg:Haveyoufinishedalready?(我以為你沒有做完，表示出乎意料。)

3.yet：“還”一般用在完成時態(tài)的否認句和疑問句中。eg:Haveyoufoundyourruleryet？你已經(jīng)找到尺子了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has+v-ed)2.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間的經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)歷,常和ever,never,before，sofar,once,twice,threetimes(表次數(shù)),inthepast+一段時間等詞連用.(漢語中常用“過”來表示)例如:(1)HaveyouevervisitedtheUSA?(2)Ihaveneverbeentoaswimmingpool.(3)HehasflowntoLosAngelesbefore.多用于疑問句，問初次經(jīng)歷。表否認含義用于句末，表“之前”一段時間的表達方法有兩種:注意:for和since所引導的時間狀語都表示一段時間.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforsevendays.Howlongfor:+段時間

foranhourfortwoweekssince

點時間(過去的),sinceninesincetwodaysago

一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句

sinceyoucamesinceyougothome.表示從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時與瞬間動詞瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：1.Hehasleft.2.Hehasleftforthreeyears.3.Hehasbeenawayforthreeyears.×√√1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞

catch(get)acoldcome/go/becomegettoknowputonborrow/lendbuyhave

haveacoldbe終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞keepknow動作變狀態(tài)wear2.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+名詞

jointhearmy/Party

gotoschoolbeamemberof…bein終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞beastudent動作變狀態(tài)3.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+adj/adv終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞動作變狀態(tài)dieleavefinish/endbegin/startclose/opengotosleepgooutwakeupbecomeinterestedinbedeadbeawaybeoverbeonbeclosed/openbeasleep/sleepybeoutbeawakebeinterestedin4.轉(zhuǎn)化成be+介詞短語

jointhearmy/Party

gotoschoolarrivein/atbeamemberof…bein終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞bein/atschool動作變狀態(tài)bein/at現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)這一動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。

一般過去時，僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

〔學習英語已經(jīng)五年了，現(xiàn)在仍然在學〕〔只說明他過去學過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學了?！骋话氵^去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句①.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.③自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書.

Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成為一個學生兩年多了.

Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.

Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤

MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.⑥小明參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦我們上了8年學了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下課10分鐘了

Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.電影開始了一小時了

Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.現(xiàn)在完成時“三看三用”一看時間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，那么只能用一般過去時。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎〔句首無疑問詞〕，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；但進一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時〔句首有疑問詞〕就要用一般過去時。如：－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，那么用一般過去時。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否那么就需要具體情況具體分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?3.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin在某地呆了多長時間1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.3.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento表示去過某地,已經(jīng)回來表示去了某地,還未回來翻譯以下句子她曾經(jīng)去過上海。ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.他在上海10年了。HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears他去上海了。HehasgonetoShanghai.EXERCISEHe_________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.They__________(cook)thesupperalready.They_______(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.hasworkedcamehavecookedcooked2.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.

Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting

Ｃ.wroteＤ.haswritten3.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.

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