Unit+2+Making+a+difference+Starting+out+Understanding+ideas+詞匯高中英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)

Unit

2

Making

a

differenceStarting

out

&

Understanding

ideas1.

contribution

n.貢獻(xiàn)；促成作用；捐贈(zèng)

＊contribute

v.捐獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)；捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；促成；導(dǎo)致；投稿（P13）the

contribution

these

people

made

to

society這些人對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)拓展make

contributions/a

contribution

to/towards

（doing）...

對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)/起作用contribute...to...

（向……）捐贈(zèng);投稿contribute

to

促成;導(dǎo)致;有助于;是……的原因佳句Different

teachers

make

different

contributions

to

a

student's

growth.

不同的教師在學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)過程中起到不同的作用。These

measures

would

make

a

valuable

contribution

towards

reducing

industrial

accidents.

這些措施將會(huì)對(duì)減少工業(yè)事故起重要的作用。點(diǎn)撥contribute

to和make

contributions/a

contribution

to中的to都為介詞,后面要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Ⅰ.單句填空（1）These

contribute

to________（build）

up

our

confidence

and________（help）

us

meet

bigger

challenges

in

the

future.buildinghelping（2）Many

factors

contributed___

the

decline,

said

Patrick

McIntyre,

an

ecologist

who

was

the

lead

author

of

the

study.to（3）Participating

in

the

contest

will

be

a

golden

chance

for

me

to

show

my

dancing

skills

and

make

some____________

（contribute）

to

the

class.contributionsⅡ.一句多譯作為一名高中生，我倡議我們應(yīng)該為社會(huì)多做些貢獻(xiàn)。（4）As

a

senior

high

school

student，I

make

the

proposal

that

we

should

________________________.（contribute）contribute

a

lot

to

society（5）As

a

senior

high

school

student，I

make

the

proposal

that

we

should

_________________________________.（contribution）make

a

great

contribution

to

society2.

relief

n.輕松；寬慰；（痛苦、焦慮等的）減輕；救濟(jì)

＊relieve

vt.使輕松；減輕；緩解（P13）The

amount

of

relief

and

comfort

experienced

by

the

sick

after

the

skin

has

been

carefully

washed

and

dried,is

one

of

the

commonest

observations

made

at

a

sick

bed.患者的皮膚在得到仔細(xì)清洗和擦拭后,患者感受到的緩解和舒適程度是臨床最常見的要觀察的事情之一。拓展in/with

relief

如釋重負(fù);松了口氣to

one's

relief

令某人感到欣慰的是It's

a

relief

to

do

sth.

做某事是令人欣慰的。What

a

relief!

可輕松了!relieve

sb

of...

幫助某人減輕……負(fù)擔(dān)佳句I

smiled

with

relief

after

I

heard

I

had

passed

the

examination.聽到我已經(jīng)通過了考試，我輕松地笑了。單句填空（1）It

was

___relief

to

see

my

support

team

at

the

end

of

the

road.a（2）My

assistant

relieved

me

___all

the

paperwork.of（3）The

passengers

all

sighed

_____relief

when

the

plane

finally

landed

safely.with3.

effective

adj.有效的；產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的

＊effect

n.影響；結(jié)果；效應(yīng)

＊effectively

adj.有效地；實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上（P14）

Now

tick

the

solutions

that

you

think

are

most

effective

to

supply

Africa

with

fresh

water.現(xiàn)在,在你認(rèn)為能最有效地為非洲提供淡水的解決方案上打鉤。拓展be

effective

in（doing）sth在（做）某事方面有效用have

an

effect

on/upon對(duì)……有影響in

effect實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上come

into

effect生效；開始實(shí)施bring/put

sth

into

effect使生效；實(shí)行；實(shí)施take

effect開始起作用；見效佳句The

government

will

take

some

effective

measures

to

deal

with

it.政府會(huì)采取一些有效的措施來處理它。單句寫作（1）The

recommendations

will

soon_________________.這些建議即將付諸實(shí)施。be

put

into

effect（2）To

some

extent,

the

measures

the

government

has

taken

_____________________________the

remote

villages.在某種程度上，政府采取的這項(xiàng)措施已經(jīng)對(duì)那些偏遠(yuǎn)的山村產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。have

had

a

great

effect

on/upon（3）Knowing

basic

first-aid

skills,

according

to

the

expert,

will

help

people

____________________emergencies.根據(jù)專家的觀點(diǎn)，了解急救基本技能將幫助人們對(duì)緊急情況做出有效反應(yīng)。respond

effectively

to4.

shortage

n.短缺；不足；缺乏

＊short

adj.短的；不足的；矮的（P14）Read

the

passage

and

find

out

what

Ryan

did

to

help

solve

the

problem

of

water

shortage

in

Africa.閱讀這篇文章，了解瑞安為幫助解決非洲缺水問題所做的事情。拓展a

shortage

of

缺少；短缺There

is

no

shortage

of

...不缺……be

short

of

缺少be

short

for

是……的縮寫in

short

簡(jiǎn)言之佳句If

there

is

a

shortage

of

any

product，the

price

of

that

product

will

go

up.如果缺少任何一種產(chǎn)品，那么那種產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格就會(huì)上漲。There

are

many

reasons,

but

the

most

important

one

is

short

of

system

thinking．其中的原因有很多，關(guān)鍵在于缺乏系統(tǒng)思考。單句填空（1）She

is

not

short

___,

excuses

when

things

go

wrong.of（2）The

UN

is

short____

the

United

Nations.for（3）The

________（short）

of

supplies

is

keeping

up

the

price.shortage（4）Try

tennis，badminton

or

windsurfing.___short，anything

is

challenging.In5.

earn

v.賺得；掙錢（P14）At

first,his

plan

was

to

earn

money

to

build

a

single

well

somewhere

in

Africa.

起初,他的計(jì)劃是賺些錢在非洲某地打一口井。拓展earn

one's

living=make

one's

living

謀生earn

a

fortune

賺大錢earn

sb

sth

為某人贏得某物earn

sb

reputation/admiration/praise為某人贏得贊譽(yù)/欽佩/贊揚(yáng)佳句He's

trying

to

earn

money

for

a

trip

to

the

coastal

city

with

his

family.為了和家人去海濱城市旅行，他現(xiàn)在在努力掙錢。單句寫作（1）His

achievements

__________________and

admiration.他的成就為他贏得別人的尊敬和贊美。earned

him

respect（2）When

a

young

man

starts

to______________,he

can

no

longer

expect

others

to

pay

for

his

food

and

clothing.當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人開始自己謀生的時(shí)候,他不可能再指望別人為他的衣食買單。earn

his

living6.

donate

v.捐贈(zèng)

＊donation

n.捐贈(zèng)；捐贈(zèng)物

＊donator

n.捐贈(zèng)者；贈(zèng)送者（P15）He

started

to

ask

for

help

from

his

classmates

and

neighbours

and

persuaded

them

to

donate

money.他開始向同學(xué)和鄰居求助，并說服他們捐款。拓展donate...to...

把……捐獻(xiàn)給……charity

donation

慈善捐贈(zèng)organ

donation

器官捐贈(zèng)佳句An

anonymous

businesswoman

donated

one

million

dollars

to

the

charity.一位女商人匿名向該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈(zèng)了100萬(wàn)美元。All

donated

blood

is

tested

for

HIV

and

other

infections.

對(duì)所有捐獻(xiàn)的血都要進(jìn)行艾滋病病毒和其他傳染病病毒檢測(cè)。單句填空（1）After

the

earthquake

happened，many

actors

donated

much

money

___the

victims.to（2）To

help

more

people

in

India，the

IMA

Blood

Bank

has

also

developed

a

team

to

educate

the

public

about

blood_________（donate）．donation（3）Doctors

are

searching

a

blood________（donate）

for

the

patient

whose

blood

type

is

rare.donator7.

reality

n.真實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)

＊real

adj.真實(shí)的

＊realize

v.理解；意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)、夢(mèng)想等）（P15）This

insight

grew

from

the

determined

attitude

of

a

six-year-old

boy

who

had

the

courage

and

perseverance

to

make

his

dream

a

reality.

這個(gè)頓悟源于一個(gè)六歲男孩堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度,他有勇氣和毅力使他的夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。拓展in

reality

實(shí)際上face

reality

面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)be

out

of

touch

with

reality/be

divorced

from

reality

脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)turn

sth

into

a

reality

使某事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)real

estate

不動(dòng)產(chǎn)；房地產(chǎn)realize

one's

dream

實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想佳句Outwardly

she

seemed

confident

but

in

reality

she

felt

extremely

nervous.表面上看，她顯得信心十足，而實(shí)際上她緊張得要命。Many

of

these

books

are

far

removed

from

the

reality

of

the

children's

lives.

很多這樣的書都跟孩子們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)。單句寫作（1）He

looked

very

confident

and

calm

during

the

test,

but

_________he

was

extremely

nervous.

考試時(shí)他看上去自信且冷靜,事實(shí)上他非常緊張。in

reality（2）Her

childhood

ambition

________________when

she

was

made

a

judge.她被任命為法官，兒時(shí)的抱負(fù)終于成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。became

a

reality（3）He

seems

completely

divorced

____________.

他似乎完全脫離了現(xiàn)實(shí)。from

reality8.

find

out

了解；發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出（P14）Read

the

passage

and

find

out

what

Ryan

did

to

help

solve

the

problem

of

water

shortage

in

Africa.

閱讀這篇文章,了解瑞安為幫助解決非洲缺水問題所做的事情。拓展find

out常構(gòu)成以下句式:find

out+疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式find

out+wh-從句佳句I

want

you

to

do

everything

you

can

to

find

out

who's

responsible.我要你盡你所能找出誰(shuí)是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。Jackie

has

been

absent

from

school

for

two

days，and

we

want

to

find

out

why

he

didn't

come．杰克兩天沒上學(xué)了，我們想弄明白他沒來的原因。點(diǎn)撥其他“動(dòng)詞+out”短語(yǔ):pick

out

挑選出;辨認(rèn)出give

out

分發(fā);用盡find

out

查明;弄清楚break

out

突發(fā);爆發(fā)burst

out

突發(fā);大聲喊出bring

out

出版;生產(chǎn)work

out

解決;鍛煉hand

out

分發(fā);拿出figure

out

算出;理解try

out

試用;試驗(yàn)

單句寫作（1）I

want

you

to

___________________,

and

where

she

comes

from.我想讓你弄清她是誰(shuí),從哪里來的。find

out

who

she

is（2）It

is

a

matter

of

the

utmost

urgency

____________________________to

these

people.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是要弄清楚這些人出了什么事。to

find

out

what

has

happened（3）They

had

their

tablets

analysed

to

____________________________the

real

drug

or

not.

他們將藥片拿去化驗(yàn)以查明他們得到的是不是真藥。find

out

whether

they

had

got9.

give

up

放棄；停止；讓出（P15）Two

thousand

dollars

was

a

lot

of

money,but

Ryan

didn't

give

up.2

000美元是一大筆錢,但瑞安沒有放棄。拓展give

in

（to）

屈服（于）give

out

分發(fā);用光;放出give

away

贈(zèng)送;泄露佳句So

long

as

we

hold

fast

to

our

ideals

and

never

give

up，we

are

bound

to

achieve

success.只要我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想、永不放棄，我們一定會(huì)取得成功。One

of

the

men

with

him

gave

up

his

place

on

the

bench.

他的一個(gè)同伴讓出了長(zhǎng)椅上的位子。單句填空（1）Could

you

give

____the

papers

to

the

students

present,please?out（2）She

was

not

going

to

give____

her

hard-won

freedom

so

easily.up10.

turn

out

結(jié)果是；證明是；生產(chǎn)；制造；出席（P15）He

also

saw

hundreds

of

delighted

students

who

had

turned

out

to

welcome

him.他還看到數(shù)百名興高采烈的學(xué)生出來歡迎他。拓展turn

down

拒絕;關(guān)小;調(diào)低turn

in

上交;提交；交付turn

up

出現(xiàn);到場(chǎng);開大turn

over

翻身;移交;換頻道turn

off

關(guān)掉;使厭煩turn

to

轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于佳句If

chosen,

Mr

Brown,

who

is

rich

in

experience,

will

turn

out

to

be

an

excellent

manager.

如果被選中,

經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的布朗先生會(huì)成為一名優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理。No

one

could

have

foreseen

（that）

things

would

turn

out

this

way.

誰(shuí)都沒能預(yù)料到事情的結(jié)果會(huì)這樣。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空（1）He

turned

___me

for

help,believing

that

I

could

lend

him

a

hand.to（2）The

light

is

a

bit

too

harsh（刺眼的）.

You

can

turn

it____.off（3）He

turned

______my

suggestion

and

turned

_____the

business

to

his

daughter.downover（4）Hurry

up,boys!I'm

waiting

for

you

to

turn

___your

homework.in（5）It

didn't

rain,which

turned

____to

be

a

stroke

of

luck.out11.

break

into

強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來（P15）He

broke

into

a

joyful

smile.

他突然開心地笑了起來。拓展break

down

出故障;垮掉break

up

拆散;分裂;分解;結(jié)束（婚姻關(guān)系等）break

in

強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;插嘴break

out

爆發(fā);突然發(fā)生break

through

突破佳句點(diǎn)撥break

in和break

into都有“闖入”的意思。break

in為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),后面不跟賓語(yǔ);break

into為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),后面可以跟賓語(yǔ)。While

reading

a

storybook，the

young

girl

broke

into

a

smile.讀故事書的時(shí)候，小女孩突然笑了起來。單句寫作（1）The

elevators

in

this

building

are

always

______________.

這棟樓里的電梯總出故障。breaking

down（2）I'm

surprised

to

hear

that

Sue

and

Paul

_______________.聽到蘇和保羅已經(jīng)分手了,我很吃驚。have

broken

up（3）She

longed

to

_________

on

their

conversation

but

didn't

want

to

appear

rude.

她很想打斷他們的談話,但又不愿顯得粗魯。break

in12.

have

trouble

（in）

doing

sth（P14）As

a

six-year-old

Canadian

schoolboy,Ryan

had

trouble

believing

the

words

spoken

by

his

teacher

that

many

people

in

developing

African

countries

couldn't

get

enough

clean

water.年僅六歲的加拿大小學(xué)生瑞安難以相信他的老師所說的話——非洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家的許多人無(wú)法獲得足夠的干凈的水。拓展have

trouble

（in）

doing

sth意為“做某事有困難”,

屬于固定用法。（1）have

trouble

with

后接名詞或代詞,

have

trouble

in

后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式,in可省略。（2）上述句型可演變?yōu)閠here

be結(jié)構(gòu),即there

is/was

trouble

with

sth/in

doing

sth。（3）difficulty也適用于上述句型:have

difficulty

with

sth/in

doing

sth。If

your

awareness

is

as

sharp

as

it

could

be,

you'll

have

no

trouble

answering

these

questions.

如果你的意識(shí)足夠敏銳,你就會(huì)毫不費(fèi)力地回答這些問題。I

usually

have

no

trouble

with

my

work.

通常情況下,我在工作上沒有什么麻煩。There

was

no

trouble

in

finding

his

house.沒有費(fèi)力就找到了他的房子。Do

you

have

any

difficulty

with

your

English?你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面有困難嗎?I

had

considerable

difficulty

in

persuading

her

to

leave.

我費(fèi)了好大的勁說服她離開。單句填空（1）You

can't

imagine

what

_________（difficult）

we

had

walking

home

in

the

snowstorm.difficulty（2）You

can

ask

the

police

for

help

when

you

have

trouble

_______（find）

a

place.finding（3）I

am

having

some

trouble

_____my

classmates

at

the

moment.with13.

so...that...（P14）And

why

is

the

water

so

dirty

that

it

makes

them

sick?為什么水如此臟以至于使他們生病?拓展本句為“so+adj./adv.+that”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如此……以至于”。（1）so

that主要用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中常包含can/may/might/should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,意為“以便;使能夠”，也可用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。（2）so放在句首時(shí),句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。They

handed

him

so

many

cards

that

they

filled

several

large

boxes.

他們給了他很多卡片以至于這些卡片填滿了幾個(gè)大箱子。I

often

found

myself

telling

my

mom

to

drive

more

slowly,

so

that

I

could

read

all

of

the

road

signs

we

passed.

我經(jīng)常告訴我媽媽開得慢一點(diǎn),這樣我就能讀懂我們經(jīng)過的所有路標(biāo)了。So

frightened

was

the

boy

that

he

didn't

know

what

to

do.

那個(gè)男孩如此害怕,以至于不知道該做什么。辨析so...that...

與such...that...的區(qū)別:（1）兩者均表示“如此……以至于”,一般情況下so

后面接形容詞或副詞;such

后面接名詞或“形容詞+名詞”。（2）“such

+

a（n）

+

形容詞+

可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“so

+形容詞+a（n）

+

可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”。單句寫作（1）The

weather

was

____________I

didn't

want

to

leave

my

room.

天氣太冷了,我不想離開房間。so

cold

that（2）So

fast

___________that

he

was

far

ahead

of

others.

他跑得如此快,

以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于其他人。did

he

run（3）She

stayed

at

home

_________________take

care

of

her

mother.

她待在家里是為了能夠照顧她的母親。so

that

she

could（4）Anne

is

_________________that

I

can't

help

eating

everything

she

makes.安妮是個(gè)很棒的廚師,我忍不住吃了她做的所有東西。such

a

good

cook拓展單詞1.___________n.貢獻(xiàn)→__________v.捐獻(xiàn);捐贈(zèng);撰稿contributioncontribute2.______n.減輕;緩解→_______v.解除;減輕reliefrelieve3._________adj.有效的;產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的→______n.影響;效果vt.使發(fā)生;引起;產(chǎn)生（效果）effectiveeffect4._______v.捐贈(zèng);捐獻(xiàn)→_________n.捐贈(zèng);贈(zèng)送;捐款;捐贈(zèng)物donatedonation5._____adj.真的;真實(shí)的;實(shí)際存在的→______adv.真正地;實(shí)際上→_______n.真實(shí);現(xiàn)實(shí)→_______v.領(lǐng)悟;認(rèn)識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)→__________n.實(shí)現(xiàn);領(lǐng)悟realreallyrealityrealizerealization即時(shí)檢測(cè)6._________n.殘疾;殘障→________adj.傷殘的→_______n.能力→_____adj.能干的;有能力的disabilitydisabledabilityable7.________v.遲疑;猶豫→__________n.猶豫hesitatehesitation8.____________n.成績(jī);成就→________v.實(shí)現(xiàn);完成;達(dá)到achievementachieve9._________n.治療;療法→_____v.對(duì)待;把……看成;治療;處理;款待n.樂事;樂趣;款待;請(qǐng)客treatmenttreat即時(shí)檢測(cè)1.break

_____a

smile

突然笑起來into2.rise

___one's

feet

站起身來to3.be______

control

在控制中under4.set

____建立;創(chuàng)建up5.find

____找出;查明;發(fā)現(xiàn)out6.___

first

起初;當(dāng)初at即時(shí)檢測(cè)7.give____放棄;停止;投降;認(rèn)輸;泄氣up8.be

___danger

處于危險(xiǎn)之中in9.pass

______去世;過世away10.no

longer

__________不再;已不11.make

a

difference

____________________有影響;使……有差別12.earn

money

______掙錢即時(shí)檢測(cè)Ⅰ.單句填空1.Being

a

Chinese,

I

feel

proud

of

my

country

and

the

____________（contribute）

that

have

been

made

by

the

Chinese

people

to

the

world

culture.contributions2.It

is

a

great

______（relieve）

to

have

rained

after

a

long

time

of

drought.relief3.The

project

looks

at

how

we

could

be

more

_________（effect）

in

encouraging

students

to

enter

teacher

training.effective4.Japan

has

to

employ

an

increasing

number

of

overseas

workers

because

there

is

no

easy

solution

to

its

labor

________（short）.shortage即時(shí)檢測(cè)5.This

is

the

biggest

_________（donate）

we've

had

to

date.donation6.Without

any

_________（hesitate）,

he

jumped

into

the

river

to

save

the

drowning

child.hesitation7.Bringing

up

a

child

should

give

you

a

sense

of

____________（achieve）.achievement8.Thanks

to

the

local

charity

and

the

kindness

of

his

family,

he

was

able

to

receive

_________（treat）

to

prevent

the

disease

from