UNIT4GRAMMARANDUSAGE同位語從句課件高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊

01定語從句02名詞性從句03狀語從句從句類型

名詞性從句

nounclause主語從句subjectclause

賓語從句objectclause

表語從句predicativeclause

同位語從句appositiveclauseNounClausesAppositiveClauses一.主語從句放在(be)動詞前面的句子Itisaquestion.WhetherIcanattenduniversityisaquestion.Sth.主語從句二.賓語從句放在動詞/介詞后面的句子Ican’tbelieveit.Ican’tbelievethatyouaresuchagoofball.Sth.賓語從句三.表語從句放在is/was后面的句子,“是……”Theproblemisdifficult.TheproblemisthathecannotspeakEnglish.Sth.表語從句同從的定義Whoisthishero?GametimeamananelderlymandoctorinChina,Thehero,_______,isfamousrecently.2.Thehero,__________________________isfamousrecently.3.Thehero,_________________________________________

________________________isfamousrecently.anelderlymandoctorinChinawhojoinedthebattleagainstnovelcoronavirusamananelderlymandoctorinChinaanelderlymandoctorinChinawhojoinedthebattleagainstnovelcoronavirusHowdidyougettheanswer?Structureandfunctionoftheseexpressions?同位語可以由：

構(gòu)成。當同位語由句子構(gòu)成時，就叫

。2.同位語的位置：

,作用:_______________詞語、詞組、句子同位語從句名詞、代詞之后解釋、說明WonderWonder,afamousmovie,haslotsoffans.Thefactthatthefilmhasabigboxoffice(票房)shockedallofus.抽象名詞appositiveclauseappositiveAB==平等地位Iheardthenewsthatwewouldhavetwodaysoffthisweek.Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisfitforthejob.Thequestionwhatweshoulddonextisnotclear.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Shemadearequestthatweshouldhelpher.同位語從句說明的名詞大多是____________。常見的可接同位語從句的名詞有:抽象名詞

news(word)新聞/doubt疑惑/question/problem問題

/idea想法

/request要求

/fact事實/reason

理由/thought想法/order

命令/hope希望/belief信念/message消息/possibility

可能性/

danger

危險

/warning警告

/information

信息/

decision

決定/

truth

真相...Exploring

therulesFindthesentenceswithappositiveclausesinthearticle....,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedin13thcenturyBCE.Theywereconstructedin13thcenturyBCE描述fact的內(nèi)容TheAbuSimbeltemples(阿布辛貝神殿;)inEgyptarethounsandsofyearsoldandittookdecades

tobuildthem.Therearedivisions(分歧)

amonghistoriansoverwhenexactlythe

constructionofthetwintemplesstarted,butnoonecandeny（否認）thefactthatthey

wereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.Inthemid-20thcentury,thetemples

wereunderseriousthreat（處于極大的威脅）.ThegovernmenthaddecidedtobuildtheAswanHigh

Dam（壩）ontheNileandthisstructurewouldcausewaterlevelstorise,whichcouldin

turnflood（涌入）theAbuSimbeltemples.Thisdecisioncausedwidespreadconcernamong

peoplearoundtheworld.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthe

dam

theyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.Someexperts,however,hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.UNESCOputtogetheraninternationalteamofarchitects（建筑師）,engineersandheavyequipmentoperators,wholookedatdifferentwaysofsavngthetemples.Atfirst,theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.Finally,theydecidedtotrytotakethetemplesapart,movetheirpartstoanewlocationandthenputthembacktogether.Therewasnoguarantee（保證）thatitwouldwork,sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.Furthermore,theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.However,theoperationwascarefullyplannedandtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.Thissuccessdemonstrates（表明）thepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesof

crisis（危機）.Itisdifficulttoforecast（預(yù)測）whatthreats（威脅）ourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture,

butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritage

preservation（保護）.WorkingouttherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)_______,(2)_______oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthatExploringthe

rules同從的引導(dǎo)詞01subordinatingconjunction

that/whether02conjunctivepronounswho/what...03conjunctiveadverbswhy/where/how/when...IntroductivewordsDiscussion:Useconjunctionstofilltheblank.

連接詞that,whether1)Hetoldmethenews______hewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.2)Shewasindoubt_________shehadmadetherightdecision.3)Thenewscame_______thenationalteamwonthegame.thatwhetherthat同位語從句可以不緊跟在其解釋說明的名詞后。小結(jié)：that:____意義、______成分、_______省略，只起連接作用whether:_____意義、______成分、_______省略無不作不可有不作不可只用whether引導(dǎo),不用if。連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whoseUseconjunctionstofilltheblank.1)Thequestion_________makesthematterworsepuzzlesme.2)Ihavenoidea____________myclassmateisspeakingwith.3)Ihavenoidea_________hehassaidaboutthematter.4)Hehassomedoubt_________oneIshouldchoose,thebigoneorthesmallone.5)Shehasnoidea_________shoesitwas.whatwho/whomwhatwhichwhose小結(jié)：連接代詞____意義、______成分、_______省略有作不可連接副詞when,where,how,whyUseconjunctionstofilltheblank.1)Youhavenoidea_________worriedIwas!2)Hehassolvedtheproblem_________theTVwasoutoforder.3)Thecouplearediscussingthequestion________theyshouldhavetheirhoneymoonnextmonth.howwhywhere/how小結(jié)：連接副詞____意義、______成分、_______省略有作不可同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法從屬連詞that無成分，無意義Whether無成分，意為“是否”連接代詞what,which,who,whom,…+ever,whose在從句中充當主語，賓語，表語，定語連接副詞how,when,where,…+ever,why在從句中充當狀語同從的四要點同位語從句的注意點Point

1:

為了保持句子平衡，同位語從句有時可以不緊跟它說明的那個名詞后面，而是被其它的詞隔開，這種從句叫分割式同位語從句Theproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位語從句的注意點Point

2:同位語從句的虛擬語氣：在表示“建議，勸說，命令”的名詞idea,advice,suggestion,request,proposal等后面的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略Imadeaproposalthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Myproposalisthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Itisproposedthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.Iproposedthatweshouldgetupearlytomorrow.

一堅持insist二命令order,command三建議advise,suggest,propose四要求require,request,demand,desire同位語從句的注意點Point

3:

doubt的同位語從句

肯定句后用whether

否定句后用thatThereisnodoubtthatitwashisfriendthatplayedtricksonhim.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhecanadapttothenewsurroundingshere.Idoubtwhetherheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.Subjunctivemoodinappositiveclause1.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownsuggestion，request，requirement,order,demand,command,advice,propose...shouldthatsb.doshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.2.Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldasktheteacherforhelp.同位語從句句型2：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)ThestatementbythedriverofthevehiclethathedidnotseethelorrywasrejectedbytheCourt.“名詞+定語+同位語從句(that/wh-+陳述句”)Point4Structure同位語從句句型1：Ithinkthesolution,thathehiredareplacement,wasthebestcourseofactionatthetime.我認為這個解決辦法，他雇了一個替代者，是當時最好的行動方案。Thequestionwhoshouldreplaceherrequiresconsideration.誰該代替她，這個問題需要考慮。Point4Structure“名詞+同位語從句(that/wh-+陳述句)”同位語從句句型3：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.“名詞+謂語+同位語從句(that/wh-+陳述句”)Point4Structure一、引導(dǎo)詞怎么選一判二判判斷是否是名詞性從句判斷從句是否完整缺成分不缺成分缺人：who/whom缺東東：what缺定語：“哪個”——which；“誰的”——whose語義完整：that語義不完整：when、where、why、how、懸而未決：whether1Someholdthebelief_________theycanalwaysfindmorewaysofsolvingproblems.2Thedecision_________wewillhavethecelebrationnextmonthhasnotbeenmade.3Weworkashardaswecanintheknowledge_________oureffortswilleventuallypayoff.4Doesanyonehaveanyidea_________hashappenedtoPaul?Whyhasn'thecomeyet?5Sheraisedtheproblem_________wecouldimprovecommunicationbetweenmanagersandstaff.thatthatwhetherwhathowP766Wehavejustreceivedawarning_________astormisontheway.Weneedtogetprepared.7Thereissomedoubtamongthestudents_________thetravelplanwillbecancelled.8Manypeoplerespondedpositivelytothesuggestion_________weshouldraisemoneyforlocalcharities.9Wehadaheateddiscussiononthequestion_________onlinelearningwasbettersuitedforhighschoolstudents.10MrSmithreallyhasnoidea_________iswrongwiththeirprogramme.thatwhetherwhetherthatwhatP76區(qū)別定從和同從同位語從句的注意點定語從句和同位語從句的辨別that是否知道名詞的內(nèi)容名詞和從句見加be，是否構(gòu)成表語從句Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.同位語從句PK定語從句：假定還原法同位語從句的定義常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞：fact(事實）,news(消息）,hope(希望），idea(主意），truth(事實），evdence（證據(jù)），suggestion（建議），problem/question（問題）,opinion（觀點）等常見的后跟定語從句的名詞：news,village,factory,place,thegirl,thebook,theday等都是抽象名詞！??！可抽象可具體~~DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthewinterholidaysinHainan?when引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，先行詞days是表示時間的詞；Ihadnoideawhenyouwerehere.when引導(dǎo)的是一個同位語從句，被修飾的詞是idea，不表示時間．1.被修飾或說明的詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句時,先行詞分別是表時間，地點和原因的具體名詞；而三者引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，先行詞應(yīng)該是抽象名詞．區(qū)別定從和同從I’llneverforgetthetimewhenIwasayounggirl.Shehadnoideawhenwhenthisaccidenthappened. 1949wastheyearwhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasestablished.Thisisthevillagewherehisgrandparentslive.區(qū)別定從和同從2.連接詞When,where，why引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，只起連接作用，沒有指代作用；When,where，why引導(dǎo)定語從句時，具有指代先行詞的作用，在從句中作狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.Summary(3):同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處在從句中充當成分嗎？在從句中充當成分嗎？that

同位語從句

定語從句不作成分，無意義，不能省指代先行詞，作成分，作賓語可省Tip:名詞與從句之間加上is,連接成句，則為同位語從句。Thenewsisthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch定語從句用還原法Thenewsthatyoutoldus(thenews)Ihaveahopethatallofyouwillgotocollege.2.Ihatethefactthathetoldme.3.Ihatethefactthathealwaystellslies4.Titanicistheshipthatsankintotheocean.5.Hemadeanexcuse

thathiscarbrokedownontheway.同位語從句定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句將兩個單句改寫為含有同位語從句的復(fù)合句.Ihaveasuggestion.suggestion:youshouldtreatmemoregently

Ihaveasuggestion.suggestion:youshouldtreatmemoregentlyIhaveasuggestionyoushouldtreatmemoregently.that同位語從句究竟是什么？Ihaveadream.dream:Icangetmorepocketmoney

Ihaveadream.dream:IcangetmorepocketmoneyIhaveadreamIcangetmorepocketmoney.thatIhaveaquestion.question:whytherearesomanypimplesonyourface

Ihaveaquestion.question:whytherearesomanypimplesonyourfaceIhaveaquestionwhytherearesomanypimplesonyourface.Readthesentencesbelowandticktheonewithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.對doubt內(nèi)容進行描述代替clue3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionwhetherweshouldprotectoursharedheritage--wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.why修飾reason對question內(nèi)容進行描述對idea內(nèi)容進行描述ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Chris:Sorrytointerruptyou,MissMa.I’mwritinganarticleaboutUNESCO’sworkonheritagepreservation.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?MissMa:Sure.In1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.Exercise2:Chris:ButI’veheardsomepeoplehaveseriousdoubts_______theWorldHeritageConventionreallyhelps.MissMa:Sure,itdoes.Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepreservationofculturalpropertiestogether.ApartfromtheConvention,theWorldHeritageCommitteewasestablishedin1976andpassedthemotion_______weshouldprotectourculturalandnaturalheritagesites.whetherthatChris:Isee.CanyoutellmewhattheWorldHeritageCommitteedoes?MissMa:Ofcouse.Forexample,itvotestodeterminewhichsitesaretobelistedasUNESCOheritagessitesandmonitorsthestateofconservation.Chris:That’samazing.IsChinaoneoftheUNESCOStatesParties?MissMa:Yes.Doyouhaveanyidea_________ChinesepropertiesareontheWorldHeritageList?howmany1Thereissomedoubt_________wecanfinishtheworkontime.2Ihavenoidea________istobedonenext.3Wewereveryexcitedatthenews______ourfootballteamwon.4Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt________acureforAIDSwillbefound.5Doyouhaveanyidea________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

whether

what

that

that

whatExercise3:6Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.7Thereisanewproblemin