第04講 閱讀理解之說明文（講義）-2024年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測（全國）（原卷版）

?第04講閱讀理解之說明文（講義）目錄一復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向二考情分析中考閱讀理解說明文考情分析三閱讀說明文的考向細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題詞義猜測題主旨大意題5.提升必考題型歸納四真題感悟中考閱讀說明文經(jīng)典考題精選【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式3.掌握不同題型的解題方法【考情分析】閱讀理解說明文命題規(guī)律說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。閱讀說明文體裁的文章時應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息：A.說明的對象B.說明對象的特征C.說明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關(guān)系法；比較對照法；過程分析法）【名師解難】說明文閱讀理解的特征一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。1.who：問的是這篇文章的主體是誰？（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）2.what：問的是主體做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）3.when和where：是在何時何地發(fā)生的？（即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）4.how：通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？做說明文閱讀理解題的時候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點，把握全文。說明文閱讀理解的解題技巧閱讀說明類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、從屬、并列等；以及說明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳?yīng)加強此類文章的閱讀訓(xùn)練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。首先我們平時要多關(guān)注科學(xué)題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識；其次，在閱讀時要注意實驗的目的和結(jié)果，不能憑想象和猜測下結(jié)論；對于較難理解的句子要利用語法結(jié)構(gòu)去分析；最后，要利用文章特點找準(zhǔn)主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。一、解題技巧技巧一快速讀題，正確理解題干，定位關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問題讀文章。技巧二運用正確的閱讀策略，變速閱讀文章，學(xué)會處理文中的冗余信息。技巧三注意特殊語言現(xiàn)象，在含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子處標(biāo)上題號。技巧四注意正確項和干擾項的特征，回到文中確定答案。技巧五合理猜測，推敲生詞的含義。技巧六符合題目要求，對信息進(jìn)行必要的加工處理。二、解題方法先讀懂文章，然后按順序答題。此方法適合內(nèi)容較易于理解和記憶的文章。先讀試題再讀文章，這樣我們可以帶著問題有的放矢地閱讀文章，迅速選出答案。先閱讀一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后開始答題，對暫時確定不了的答案，可回讀文章的有關(guān)內(nèi)容并對其進(jìn)行分析、推敲后再確定。對拿不準(zhǔn)的答案，可先逐項排除自己有把握的錯誤選項，再將剩下的答案進(jìn)行比較、篩選，直到確定最佳答案。三、注意事項1.限時閱讀：嚴(yán)格控制做題時間，具體到每一篇文章，通過有意識的訓(xùn)練，達(dá)到時間分配上的合理性。2.帶著問題讀：先快速瀏覽一遍題目，再開始閱讀文章，有針對性的閱讀會提升速度。3.找對應(yīng)詞句：中考閱讀理解的答案都會聚焦到文章的詞或句子上，在做題時找到相應(yīng)的原文，并進(jìn)行勾勒、標(biāo)注，重點理解，有助于排除疑慮，且方便檢查。4.重點注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考閱讀理解的材料都是有鮮明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特別注意。5.理解作者意圖：切勿將自己的意圖強加到文章中，特別是在做主旨大意題時?！揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】中考英語中的說明文，按照說明對象的不同，通?？煞譃閮煞N類型：事物性說明文和事理性說明文。以河南省中考閱讀C篇分析來看：說明文答題技巧分析2023年各地區(qū)說明文類閱讀理解，大都考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題以及主旨大意題細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題規(guī)律：細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實進(jìn)行提問，命題人往往通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的“半壁江山”。這類題考點可以源自段內(nèi)的單句信息理解，也可以來自段落內(nèi)綜合信息的理解?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。命題方式：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what.which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出問題。2.填空題形式。通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實或細(xì)節(jié)。題型和考查角度：1.高頻考點：直接信息題；間接信息題。2.中頻考點：數(shù)字計算題；3.低頻考點：細(xì)節(jié)排序題；正誤判斷題。解題原則：注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系，依附原文，杜絕主觀臆斷。解題技巧：第一步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息；第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換；第三步：逐一核對選項，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。解題原則：對原文中能直接排除的進(jìn)行篩選，不能直接找到的多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。推理判斷題推理判斷題是中考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，且由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。題型和考查角度：1.高頻考點：隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度。2.低頻考點：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。錯誤原因：1.主觀臆斷2.缺乏邏輯3.過度推理4.缺乏常識隱含推斷類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型解題指導(dǎo)：瀏覽選項，首先排除對原文信息簡單重復(fù)的錯誤選項抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項。無論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。觀點態(tài)度類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語等，如attitude（態(tài)度），outstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反對）,infavorof（贊成）,迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰對誰”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點代替作者或文中人物的觀點；牢記觀點態(tài)度的常見詞語寫作意圖類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖；根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖說明文：其寫作意圖依賴于對文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）詞義猜測題命題規(guī)律：詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解試題中的必考題型,可以是對一個單詞意義的推斷，也可以是對一個短語或句子的推斷，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，可以考查替代詞的內(nèi)容。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語大多超出考綱的范圍，需要根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行推測其含義。平時的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意生詞和短語的積累，還要掌握構(gòu)詞法，和一定的解題技巧。題型和考查角度：1.猜測生詞或熟詞生義。2.猜測短語的意義。3.猜測代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容。4.猜測句意。命題方式：Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby“”.Theword“...”intheparagraphreferto“”.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe..paragraph?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”?Theword“...”mostnearlymeans“”.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphimpliesthat.解題技巧：1.定位文中畫線處上下文。2.理解上下文，查找提示點，根據(jù)背景、上下文等線索推測生詞詞義。選項特征：正確選項特征將選項代入原文，上下文邏輯通順。含義和其字面意思一般沒有關(guān)系。干擾項特征與劃線部分詞形相似考查熟詞生義時，含有常規(guī)詞義的往往不正確3.選項中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般為錯誤選項。根據(jù)定義推測詞義：有時作者會通過給詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義，如線索詞thatis,or,namely,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputitanotherway,whichis等。根據(jù)舉例推測詞義：有時，劃線部分后會根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。根據(jù)對比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測詞義：表達(dá)對比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,incontrastto等。根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測詞義：在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)和重復(fù)，會使用意思相同或相近的詞，此時，只要知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另一個詞的意思。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義：英語中的很多詞匯，尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過構(gòu)詞法生成的，因此，掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有助于猜測詞義。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義：因果關(guān)系時一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as,since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that,such...that等可知上下句存在因果，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。主旨大意題命題規(guī)律：主旨大意題即考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。題型和考查角度：1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項和干擾選項的特征。選項特征：正確選項特征涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段。確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩語言精練，若是標(biāo)題類，則應(yīng)當(dāng)醒目且語言具有概括性和針對性。干擾項特征過于籠統(tǒng)范圍太大，超出文章內(nèi)容。以偏概全只是文章的某一部分或者某一個細(xì)節(jié)，或是某一個段落的要點或者部分。主觀臆斷與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)，只是涉及個別單詞或按現(xiàn)實生活生搬硬套。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?不解題技巧：說明文：明文的主題句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼應(yīng)。段落大意題通過結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)概括段落大意：要準(zhǔn)確概括段落大意，務(wù)必知道該段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段為總分順序組織，則主題句在段首；如該段為分總順序組織，則主題句在段尾；如該段為分總分順序組織，則主題句在段中；如該段對比各事物，則其異同點即為該段大意。一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭,其后是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說明文、論述文或新聞報道中多采用這種形式通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。（一）（2024·遼寧·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Peoplearetryingtobuild“greenbuildings”thatarefriendlytotheenvironment.Theymightnotseemanydifferentfromcommonbuildings.Butlet’stakeacloserlook.Staycoolandwarm.Ittakesalotofenergytolightrooms.Italsotakesenergytoheatandcoolbuildings.Sogreenbuildingsaredesignedtodoallthesethingswithmuchlessenergy.Anenergy-smartbuildingstartswiththickwalls.Specialinsulation(隔熱材料)insidekeepsheatinsideinwinterandkeepsheatoutsideinsummer.Thissavesenergyforheatingandcooling.Somegreenbuildingsdon’tneedanyradiators(散熱器)orairconditioningatall!Savethetrees.Whatabuildingismadefromcanalsohelptheplanet.Tosaveforests,somegreenbuildingshavebamboofloorsinsteadofwood.Bamboolookslikewood,butit’sactuallyagrass.Itgrowsback20timesfasterthanatree.Anotherwaytobuildgreenistouserecycledmaterials.Thatsavesthecostandreducespollutionofproducingsomethingnew.Makebetterhome.Cityplannerslikegreenbuildingsbecausetheysavemoneyandtheyarehealthierforthepeoplewhoworkandliveinside.Butyoudon’tneedtobuildawholenewbuilding.Simplechangeslikeshadingwindowsandplantingtreescanmakeanyhomegreener—andabetterEarthhomeforusall.Asmorepeoplebecomeconcerned(擔(dān)憂的)aboutclimatechange,morebuildingsaregoinggreen.Expertsarefindingnewwaystobuildgreenbuildings.Wealsoneedtochangeourmind.Let’stakeactionnow!1．Howdoesanenergy-smartbuildingsaveenergyforheatingandcooling?A．Itusesairconditioners. B．Itusessmartradiators.C．Ithasspecialthickwalls. D．Ithasfewerroomlights.2．Bambooisusedinsteadofwoodingreenbuildingsbecause________A．itisarecycledmaterial B．itgrowsbackmuchfasterC．itcankeeptheroomwarm D．itcansavealotofmoney3．InParagraph4,thewriteradvisesusto________A．buildawholenewgreenbuilding B．payattentiontoclimatechangeC．makesmallchangestoourhome D．useonlygastocookourmeals4．Howisthetextorganized?(①=Paragraph

1,②=Paragraph

2,…)A． B． C． D．（2023·河南周口·校考三模）They’vebeenextinct(滅絕)formorethan65millionyears.Theyleftnopicturesbutlibrarieswerefilledwithbooksaboutthem.Yet,theyliveonintheimaginationsofpeople.Mentiontheword“dinosaur”toanyoneandyou’resuretohavesomethingtotalkabout.Wehaveknownaboutthesestrangelivingthingsformorethan200years.Theirfossil(化石)recordwasfirstdiscoveredin1818.Theword“dinosaur”wascreatedin1842byascientistwhoputtwoGreekwordstogether.Whatweknowaboutdinosaurscomesonlythroughthefossilrecordtheyleftbehind.Wecangetanideaofhowtheylookedbybuildingtheirskeletons(骨架)withfossilizedbonesandteeth.Theymusthavebeenamazingastheytoweredhighabovetheotherlivingthingsoftheirtime.Wedoknowthattheylivedonlandandwalked.Somewalkedontwolegs.Otherspreferredfourlegs.Somewerefastandotherswerequiteslow.Wehaveaprettygoodpictureoftheirsizeandstructure,butnotmuchelseisknownforcertain.Forexample,whatcolorwerethey?Nobodyknows.Didtheycrylikelions,orweretheirvoicessweetandmusicallikebirds?Again,howcanweknow?Thefossilrecorddoesnotspeak.Keepinmindthatwhatwedon’tknowaboutdinosaursisfargreaterthanwhatwedoknowaboutthem.Aswithalotofresearchesaboutthatera,scientistsoftenhavetoreadbetweenthelines.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。5．Whichofthefollowingpicturesisthedinosaur?A． B． C． D．6．Whenwasthefirstdinosaurfossildiscovered?A．Almost200yearsago. B．Over200yearsago.C．Morethan65millionyearsago. D．Almost200millionyearsago.7．Whatarepeoplesureaboutdinosaurs?A．Colorandaction. B．Sizeandstructure.C．Soundandlanguage. D．Personalityandfeeling.8．What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A．Differentkindsofdinosaurs. B．Severalfactsaboutdinosaurs.C．Thesizeandstructureofdinosaurs. D．Someunknownthingsaboutdinosaurs.9．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheappearanceofdinosaursB．TheplaceswheredinosaurslivedC．ThereasonswhydinosaursdiedoutD．Knownandunknownfactsaboutdinosaurs（2023·福建廈門·廈門外國語學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）AspecialseasonofVoiceofChinathatspotlights（聚焦）onYueOpera,anationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)),wasonZhejiangTV.YueOpera,oneofthefivemajorChineseoperas(PekingOpera,YueOpera,HuangmeiOpera,PingOpera,YuOperaintheorderofinfluence),isknownas“Chinesedrama”abroad.YueoperastartedinShaoxing,ZhejiangandlaterbecamepopularinShanghai.Xiaosheng,Xiaodan,Laosheng,Laodan,Xiaochou,andDamianarethesixmajorrolesinYueOpera.XiaoshengaretheyoungmanroleswhileXiaodanaretheyoungwomanroles.LaoshengandLaodanreferstotheoldermanandwomanroles.Xiaochouusuallyplayafunrole.Damianaremostlytreacherous(不忠的).Workingwiththeprovince’sdepartmentofcultureandtourism,ZhejiangTVtriestousetheinfluenceofVoiceofChina,whichhasownedagreataudience(觀眾)groupinhomeandabroadsince10yearsago,tocreativelyspreadtraditionalartformsamongyoungaudience.ThespecialseasonhaskepttheformofVoiceofChina,invitingfourexperiencedperformersasteamleaderstochoosetheirteammembers.Theteamleadershavetositwiththeirbacktothestagewheretheperformerswouldperformoneafteranother.Ifsomeone’ssingingwinstheirhearts,theycanpushabuttontoturnaroundthechairstoseethefaceoftheperformer.YoungYueOperaperformersareencouragedtoshowthetraditionalartcreatively.Forexample,theywoulduseguitarasthemusicalinstrumentintheoperaoraddmodernsingingstyleintotheirperformance.10．Accordingtotheinfluence,YueOperaisthe________majorChineseoperas.A．1st B．2nd C．3rd D．4th11．Picture________showstheroleofXiaodan.A． B． C． D．12．Fromthepassage,youcanlearnthefollowingaboutYueOperaEXCEPT________.A．ithassixmajorroles B．itstartedinShanghaiC．itisanintangibleculturalheritage D．itisknownas“Chinesedrama”abroad13．The4thparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A．whyVoiceofChinaispopular B．whatperformersdointheshowC．howthespecialseasonruns D．whotheteamleadersare14．Thetopicofthepassageisabout________.A．business&tourismB．science&futureC．culture&art D．films&music（2023·山西大同·模擬預(yù)測）Haveyoueverwonderedwhatanimalsaretalkingabout?WiththedevelopmentofAI,wemaybeabletounderstandtheirlanguages!InProfessorKarenBakker’snewbook,TheSoundsofLife:HowDigitalTechnologyIsBringingUsClosertotheWorldsofAnimalsandPlants,shetalksabouthowAIishelpingustomakeananimalversion（版本）.Allaroundtheanimalkingdom（王國）,therearesoundsthatwecanhardlypickupanddecipher（破譯）.Forexample,elephantstalkwitheachotherusinginfrasound（次聲波）farbelowourhumanhearingrange.Coral（珊瑚）intheoceanalsosendssoundwavestoattractbabycoraltosaferareastogrow.Thisissurprisingascoraldoesn’thaveanyears!Scientistshaveplacedlisteningequipmentintotheseenvironmentstopickupthesoundshumanscannothear.Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIcanstudytheirmeaning.Forexample,IsraeliresearchersusedAItotranslatebats’15,000calls.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentwereargumentsaboutfourthings:food,sleeppositions（姿勢）,invasion（侵犯）,andunwantedadvances（求愛）.Thistechnologycannotonlyunderstandtheanimalsbutcommunicatebacktothem.Forexample,beesusedancestocommunicate.AresearchteaminGermany,therefore,putthebeelanguageAIsystemintoarobotbee.Theyaskedtherobottocreateadanceroutine（路線）totellthebeeswherethenectar（花蜜）was,Voxreported.15．WhatdoesKarenBakker’snewbookmainlytalkabout?A．Whyhumansshouldprotectanimals.B．HowAIhelpshumanstounderstandanimals.C．Whenhumanscangetclosertoanimals.16．Howdidelephantstalkwitheachother?A．Byusinginfrasound. B．Bysendingsoundwaves. C．Bywavingtheirbigears.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“equipment”inParagraph3meaninChinese?A．耳機 B．設(shè)備 C．障礙18．Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromParagraph4?A．Scientistshavegottoknowhowbatsarguewitheachother.B．IsraeliresearchersarethefirsttouseAItotranslateanimals’languages.C．Scientistshavebeenabletotranslatesomeanimals’languageswithAItechnology.19．Howdidscientiststellbeeswherethenectarwas?A．Theytrainedotherbeestoleadthemthere.B．Theyaskedarobotbeetoteachthemanewlanguage.C．Theymadearobotbeetotellthebeesabouttheroutebydancing.（2023·吉林白城·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Feelingsweaty(流汗的)fromasummerheatwave?Don’tworry.Notallyoursweathastogotowaste.ResearchersfromUniversityofCaliforniahavedevelopedanewdevice(裝置)thatproducesenergyfromthesweatonyourfingertips.Thedeviceiscalledabiofuelcell(生物燃料細(xì)胞).Fromtheoutside,itlookslikeasimplepieceoffilmconnectedtoelectrodes(電極).Sohowdoesthedevicework?Whenyoustickthebiofuelcelltoyourfinger,ittakesinsweat.Theenzymes(酶)ontheelectrodesthenhelptoproduceelectricity.Besidesusingthesweat,thedevicealsoproducessmallamountsofenergywhenitispressed,sodailyactivitiesliketyping,texting,orplayingthepianoareallgoodwaystoproduceelectricity.Somepeoplemaythinkitqueertochoosefingertipsasthesourceofsweat,butinfact,theyarethesweatiestpartofthebody.Eachfingerproducesbetween100and1,000timesmoresweatthanmostotherareas.Thedeviceisthemosteffectiveon-bodyenergyproducer.Beforeitisinvented,mostpowerproducingwearabledevicesrequirewearerstoperformexerciseordependonothersources,suchassunlightorlargechangesintemperature.Butthenewdeviceusesasystemtoproduceelectricityfromsweatinyourfingertips,evenifyouaresleepingorsittingcompletelyquietly.OneoftheresearchersLuYinsaid,“Unlikeothersweat-poweredwearables,thisonerequiresnoexercise,nophysicalinputfromthewearerinordertobeuseful.Thisworkisastepforwardtomakingwearablesmorepracticalandconvenient.It’salsoquitecomfortabletowearthedevice.Thesizeofthedeviceisabout1cm2.“Youcancomfortablywearitforalongperiodoftime,”saidYin.However,atthemoment,thedevicecanonlystoreupalittlebitpower.Anditwouldtakeaboutthreeweeksofconstant(不斷的)weartopowerasmartphone,buttheresearchershopetoincreaseitspowerinthefuture.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。20．Thebiofuelcellcan________.A．protectfingertipsB．causeaheatwave C．makeuseofsweat D．developnewdevices21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“queer”meaninParagraph3?A．Strange. B．Unsafe. C．Dirty. D．Traditional.22．Wearingthebiofuelcell,whocanmakethebiofuelcellwork?①Edwardhasagoodsleepinhisbed.②Vettysendsatextmessagetohermom.③Nickplaysbasketballwithhisclassmates.④Lilydriedthesweatonherhandswithafan.A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③23．Whatistheadvantageofthebiofuelcell?A．Itcaninfluencethetemperaturegreatly.B．Itcanpowerasmartphoneinaday.C．Itmakesyoucomfortablewhenyouareinpain.D．Itworksfornearly24hoursadaywhenyouwearit.24．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheHistoryoftheBiofuelCell B．ATraditionalTechnology—theBiofuelCellC．ANewTechnology—theBiofuelCell D．TheInventoroftheBiofuelCell（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）WheneverwehearthenameLeonardodaVinci,mostofusprobablythinkofhisfamouspaintingstheMonaLisaandTheLastSupper.Butdoyouknowthathealsodidwellinmanyotherareasoutsideofart?LeonardodaVinciwasconsideredtobeoneofthemosttalentedandthecleverestpeopleofalltime.Heleftbehindmanynotebooksfullofcreativeideasandinventions.Theywerealsofullofdifferentsubjectsthathewasstudying.Hespeltwordsbackwards（朝反方向）andrevered（使……反轉(zhuǎn)）eachletter.Sohisnotescouldonlybereadthroughtheuseofamirror.This“mirrorwriting”mighthavehelpedprotecthisideasfromgettingstolenbyothers.Inhisnotebooks,thereweredesignsforflyingmachines.Itwasn’tuntilabout400yearslaterthatpeoplelearnedhowtousemachinestofly.LeonardodaVincidrewpicturesanddesignsofwarmachines,musicalinstrumentsandmanyotherthingsaswell.Besides,hewasalsointerestedinthehumanbody.Hestudiedthehumanbodyalot.Hedescribeddifferentpartsofthebodyinhisnotebooks.Oneofhismostfamousdrawings,theVitruvianMan,imaginesamanwithperfectproportions（比例）.LeonardodaVincialsostudiedthebodiesofhorses,cows,frogs,monkeysandotheranimals.LeonardodaVincibelievedthatscienceandartwerecloselyconnected.Inhisopinion,thestudyofscienceandnaturehelpedshapehisworkasanartist.Doyouagreewithhim?25．Whichdesignofthefollowingdidn’tLeonardodaVincidrawaccordingtothepassage?A．Warmachines. B．Flyingmachines. C．Reversingmirrors. D．Musicalinstruments.26．Theunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2refersto________.A．LeonardodaVinci’snotebooks B．LeonardodaVinci’spaintingsC．LeonardodaVinci5sideas D．LeonardodaVinci’sdesigns27．WhichofthefollowingwasLeonardodaVinci’sidea?A．Scienceandhisartworksweren’tcloselyconnected.B．Learningsciencehelpedhimmakebetterworksofart.C．Allartistsshouldlearntomakescientificinventions.D．Thestudyofnaturecouldn’timprovehisworkasanartist.28．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．29．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．ToletusknowmoreabouttheMonaLisaandTheLastSupper.B．ToshowussomeofLeonardodaVinci’sflyingmachines.C．ToletusknowmoreaboutLeonardodaVinci.D．ToletushelpfindLeonardodaVinci’sspecialnotebooks.（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）①NowadayschildrenmostlyreceivehongbaoonlinethankstothemobilepaymentappssuchasAlipayandWeChat,whichmadethecentralbanktocreateanewkindofmoneyforonlinebusiness.That’showthedigitalrenminbicameintobeing.Thedigitaltradehasincreasedthetypesofpaymenttools.Yettheuseofthedigitalrenminbifacessomechallenges.②First,withpaymentappslikeAlipayandWeChat,acompleteecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))hasbeensetupforactivitiessuchasshopping,traveling,givinghongbaoandmakingpayments.Soinashorttime,the“digitalrenminbiwallet”canhardlyshakeit.③Second,paymentsthroughthedigitalrenminbiareputdirectlyintodigitalaccountsandtradescanbecompletedthroughanelectronicmachine,whichmaycauseuserstoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirmoney,especiallywhenauserlosesthemobilephone.④Third,thepublicisnotattracted(吸引)tothedigitalrenminbibecauseithasnoappreciationvalue.Whilepeoplehaveinterestinbankdeposit(存款),nointerestisofferedondigitalrenminbideposits.⑤Infact,thefirstideaofthedigitalrenminbiwastomaketradeseasierforbuyersandsellerswiththehelpoftheInternetandmobileapps.Andasatoolthatcanmeettheneedsofthepublicinmanyfields,itislikelytobewidelyusedinthefuture.30．Whatdoes“it”referto?A．Thecentralbank. B．Thesafetyofmoney.C．Thecompletepaymentecosystem. D．Thenewly-madeelectronicmachine.31．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthefutureofthedigitalrenminbi?A．Worryinganddoubtful. B．Impossibletogetdeveloped.C．Challengeablebuthopeful. D．Notmentionedinthepassage.32．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）MoreyoungChinesepeoplelikeproductswithChinesetraditionalelements(元素).Everymonth，ZhangLinglingholdsapartywithherfriends.Theywearhanfuandsingsongswithmusicfromtraditionalinstruments.Inaddition,the23-year-oldgirldevelopedamobilegamethatfeatures(以……為特)amartialarts(武術(shù))worldfulloftraditionalcultures.________AreportbyChineseshort-videoplatformBilibiliinFebruaryshowsthatover177millionoftheuserslovedvideosfeaturingtraditionalculture.Lookingforthereasonbehindit，JiFangfang,aprofessorwiththeChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,said:“Theywanttotelltheworldwhotheyareandtoexpresstheirspecialties.”WhilesomeprefercarryingontraditionalChineseculture,othersaremixingitwithmodernthings.PopculturedesignerYuYangisoneofthem.WhenhemadeproductsfeaturingtheancientGodofFortune,thegodworefashionableChineseshoesandacap,andhadamicrophoneinhishand.“Popcultureisacommonlanguage.IhopemorepeoplewillacceptandlovemyworkandknowChineseculturethroughmyartpieces,”hesaidinaninterviewwithChinaDaily.33．WhataretheactivitiesZhangLinglingdoatthepartywithherfriends?A．Theywearhanfuandsingsongs. B．Theyplaymartialarts.C．Theywatchshort-videosfromBilibili. D．Theyplayamobilegametogether.34．Whichofthefollowingsentencecanbeputin_______?A．HanfuisakindofdresswornbyancientHanpeople.B．Shealwayslosesherselfinsingingthoseancientpoems.C．LikeZhang,therearemanyyoungpeoplewithlovefortraditionalChineseculture.D．Popularmoderncultureisthebestwayforyoungpeopletoshowtheirpersonalities.35．WhatdoestheproductGodofFortunebyYuYangstandfor?A．PopChineseculture. B．TraditionalChineseculture.C．Mixtureofeasternandwesterncultures. D．Mixtureoftraditionalandmoderncultures.36．WhatdoesYuYanghopeforthefuture?A．Acceptingmoreinterviews. B．PopularityofChineseculture.C．DesigningmoreChineseshoes. D．Developingmoremobilegames.（一）（2023·浙江湖州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ScientistsbelievetheEarthis4.6billionyearsold.However,themountains,valleys(山谷),hills,rivers,desertsandforestsweseetodayaremuchyoungerthanthat.Forexample,MountQomolangmaisabout60millionyearsoldandtheAmazonrainforestisonly10millionyearsold.TheyoungestseaintheworldistheBalticSea,atabout15000yearsold.TheEarthisalwayschangingbecauseofvolcanoes(火山),earthquakesandofcourse,windandrain.Someofthesechangesareveryslowandothersarequick.Waterandicecanmakeverygreatchangestotheplanet.Forexample,glaciersriversoficecancutthroughmountainsandmakelakesanddeepvalleys.Manyvolcanoesareundertheoceansandsometimestheybecomenewislands.ThisishappeningintheSouthPacific,nearTonga.It’snormalforourplanettochange,butatthemoment,scientiststhinkit’schangingfasterthanusual.Somedesertsaregrowingandmanyforestsaregettingsmaller.Theweatherisgettingwetterinsomeplacesanddrierinothers,andtherearemorebigstorms.Accordingtotheresearch,thesealevelwillcontinuetoriseinthenexthundredyears.Asaresult,manycitieswillpossiblybecoveredbywaterandmuchofthemostproductivefarmingareaswillbelost.Someislandcountriesarelikelytodisappearonthemapoftheworld.Thesechangeswillbringgreatharmtotheplanet.However,theycanbebeneficialtosomepeople.Forexample,astheArcticisgettingwarmer,somepeopleinGreenlandnowownbusinessesandsellvegetablestheygrowontheirland.Thatwasn’tpossibleinthefarnorth50yearsago.FarmersinGreenlandlikethewarmweatherandhopeitwillcontinue.1．HowdoesthewriterdescribethechangesoftheEarthinParagraph2?A．Byusingsayings. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bytellingstories. D．Bylistingnumbers.2．FromParagraph3,wecanmainlylearnabout________.A．theageoftheEarth B．problemsfortheplanetC．thelifeofthefarmers D．influencesonthemountains3．Theunderlinedword“beneficial”inParagraph4istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．harmful B．normal C．helpful D．uncomfortable（2023·遼寧鞍山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Chinahasmadeasystemoflawstoprotecttheenvironment.IthashelpedbuildbeautifulChina,accordingtoaworkreport.ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon.TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.Ithasmadegreateffortstopreventandcontrolpollution.Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(質(zhì)量)hasstayedatthegoodlevelon86.5percentofthedaysincities.Thecountryhasalsomadeprogressinpreventingandcontrollingsoilpollutionandcontinuedtoprotectforests,rivers,lakesandsoon.What’smore,Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem.Animalsarefriendsofhumans,andprotectinganimalsisalsotoprotectthehomeofhumans.Agoodenvironmentisimport