2023-2024學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題一、選詞填空-句子：本大題共1小題，共10分。1.

reliable

factor

deserve

appealto

gothroughfigureout

havenointentionof

beinvolvedin

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heartandsoul(1)Ican’t_____________howmuchthetripwillcost.(2)Itiswrongtojudgehappinessjust_____________success.(3)Ithinkwe_____________agoodrestafterallthathardwork.(4)Heworked_____________forhiscountrythroughouthislife.(5)Whenyou_____________acrisis,itoftenhelpstotalktosomeone.(6)Mostpeoplenow_____________stayingatonejobforthewholelife.(7)Itwasahugeprojectandover20softwarecompanies_____________it.(8)Studieshaveestablishedthatsmokingisarisk_____________forcancer.(9)Theinnovativesmartphonedesign_____________allagesandsocialgroups.(10)Companiesalwaysappreciatea_____________personwhotheycantrusttodothejob.二、閱讀理解：本大題共14小題，共28分。AIfyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!AbouttheCoursesTheAncientGreekHeroexploreswhatitmeanstobehumantodaybystudyingwhatitmeanttobeaheroinancientGreektimes.Toachievethis,learnerswillexperience,inEnglishtranslation,someancientGreekliteraturefromthe8thcenturyBCtothe3rdcenturyAD．NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTanglooksathownoblefamiliesandtheircultureandliteraturecontributedtothereunification(重新統(tǒng)一)ofChinaundertheTangDynasty.You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkexploresrelationshipsbetweenShakespeare’sworldandpresentday.Throughshortvideosandreadings,youwillseehowthemeaningofaworkofartchangesdependingonthetime,context,andculture.MasterpiecesofWorldLiteraturerevealshowgreatwritersreflectontheirworldandhowtheirworksarechangedintoday’sglobalculture.Ithelpsusunderstandthedeeprootsoftoday’sinterconnectedglobalculture.WaystoTaketheCoursesWhenyousignupforthesecourses,youwillhavetheoptionofauditing(旁聽)thecourseorpursuinganofficialcertificate.Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.Alternatively,learnerscanpay$299topursueanofficialcertificate,whichoffersunlimitedaccesstocourseresourceswithinayear.Attheendofthecourse,learnerswhoearnapassinggradecanreceiveacertificate.Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:2.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtoanalyzepoetry,youcanchoose______.A.TheAncientGreekHero

B.Shakespeare?sLifeandWork

C.MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature

D.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang3.Intheauditingtrack,youcan______.A.determinethelearningpace B.accesshandoutsforafee

C.earnanofficialcertificate D.downloadcoursevideos4.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseonlinecourses.

B.Toexploretherootsofhumanity.

C.Tocomparedifferentcultures.

D.Tohighlightthevalueofliterature.BItturnsoutpatienceisn’talwaysavirtue.BythetimeNalinKamatwas13,theTorontoteenhadbeenwellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore—specificallytostartshowinghisworksinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess,ensuringthatonlythemostoutstandingworksareincludedintheexhibition.That’swhenheranintoaproblem,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcreation.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwedeserve,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunityformoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallery,whichisnowprofitableenough,chargesasmallfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentservicefeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGGalleryhelpspromoteyoungtalentsbyshowcasingtheirworks.Notlongafteropening,DavidGriffin,aprofessorandartistfromOntarioCollegeofArtandDesignUniversity,happenedtocomeacrossthegallerywhilewalkingwithhiswifeintheirneighbourhood.UponmeetingNalin,Griffinsaysheunderstoodthathewasspeakingwithsomeonespecial,“astrongyoungartistwithareallyexcellentidea,whichwastocreateaspaceforshowingthelocalcommunitytheeasy,naturalgeniusofyoungpeople.”Aconnectionwasformed,andNalinaskedGriffintohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.Five-year-oldJackGamblewonforhisabstractpaintingtitledPokemon.GivenhowbusyNaliniswithschoollifeandhisownart,LittleEGGGalleryismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.Nalinbelievesthatyoungartistsarefreetobemorecreative.InaninterviewwithCBCKidsNews,hesaid,“Ithinkwhenyou’reyounger,youhavemorecreativity.Youseebeautyinmorethingsandwhenyougetolder,itkindofstops.Idon’twanttoseeanyonepreventedfromcreatingtheirart.5.Accordingtothepassage,thejuriedexhibition______.A.favoursworksofartexperts

B.chargesasmallfeeforentries

C.setsnoagelimitforsubmission

D.displaysprofessionallyselectedworks6.HowdidNalinKamatfeelafterbeingrejected?A.Anxious. B.Motivated. C.Regretful. D.Confused.7.WhydidNalinKamatfoundLittleEGGGallery?A.Toworkwithotheryoungartists.

B.Tomeethisparents’expectations.

C.Toofferunderageartistsaplatform.

D.Toholdanexhibitionofhisownworks.8.WhatcanwelearnfromNalinKamat’sstory?A.Wisdomarisesfromexperience.

B.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

C.Luckmatterstoone’scareersuccess.

D.Innovativethoughtsincreaseone’schances.CMostpeoplewilllearnoneortwolanguagesintheirlives,butVaughnSmithspeaks24languages,ahyperpolyglot—arareindividualwhospeaksmorethan10languages.However,scientistshavelargelyignoredwhat’sgoingoninsidethebrainsofpolyglots—peoplewhospeakmorethanfivelanguages—saysEvelinaFedorenko,acognitive(認(rèn)知的)neuroscientistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Sheadds,“That’spartlybecausetheyaccountforonly1%ofpeopleglobally,makingitdifficulttofindenoughparticipantsforresearch.”InanewstudyledbyFedorenko,researcherslookedinsidethemindsofpolyglotslikeSmithtorevealhowlanguage-specificregionsintheirbrainsrespondtohearingdifferentlanguages.“Thisstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofhowourbrainlearnslanguages,”shesays.Togaininsightsintohowpolyglotsprocessfiveormorelanguages,Fedorenko’steamscannedthebrainsof25polyglots.Theyusedabrainimagingtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),whichmeasuresbloodflowinthebrain,tomapouttheselanguagenetworks.InsidethefMRImachine,thepolyglotslistenedtoaseriesof16-second-longrecordingsinoneofeightdifferentlanguages.Theeightlanguagesincludedeachparticipant’snativelanguage,threeotherstheylearnedlaterinlife,andfourunfamiliarlanguages.Twooftheunfamiliarlanguageswerecloselyrelatedtotheparticipant’snativelanguage—forinstance,SpanishforanativeItalianspeaker.Theothertwounfamiliarlanguagescamefromunrelatedlanguagefamilies.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsheardanyoftheeightlanguages,bloodalwaysrushedtothesamebrainregions.Inotherwords,theparticipants’brainsappearedtousethesamebasicnetworkasmonolinguals(單語言者)totrytounderstandthesounds,regardlessofwhichlanguagetheyheard.Moreover,theactivityinthebrain’slanguagenetworkschangedbasedonhowwellparticipantsunderstoodalanguage.Themorefamiliarthelanguage,thelargertheresponse.Brainactivityparticularlywasinvigoratedwhenparticipantsheardunfamiliarlanguagesthatwerecloselyrelatedtoonestheyknewwell.Thismighthavehappenedasbrainareasworkedovertimetopuzzleoutthemeaningsbasedonsimilaritiesbetweenthelanguages.Therewasoneexceptiontotherule:Whenparticipantsheardtheirnativetongue,theirlanguagenetworkswereactuallyquieterthanwhentheyheardotherfamiliarlanguages.Thistrendheldevenwhenparticipantswerefluentintheirotherfamiliarlanguages.Thatcouldbesobecauseexpertisereducestheamountofbrainpowerneededforatask,theresearchersnote.Whilethisstudycastslightonmultilinguists’brainactivity,therearestillunansweredquestions.Notably,futureresearchhopestostudypeoplewholearnedmultiplelanguagesfrominfancy(嬰兒期).Nevertheless,“thisstudycouldonedayleadtobettertoolstohelppeoplerelearnlanguagesmoreeasilyafterastrokeorbraindamage.”Fedorenkosays.9.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Topresentalatestbraintheory.

B.Tostressthesignificanceofthestudy.

C.Toexplaintheresearchmethod.

D.Toprovidethedefinitionsoftwoterms.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thebrainprocessesnativelanguageswithmucheffort.

B.Bloodflowinthebrainisunrelatedtolanguagefamiliarity.

C.Thebrainusesthesameareastoprocessmultiplelanguages.

D.Effectivetreatmentsforlanguagedisordershavebeendiscovered.11.Whatdoestheword“invigorated”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Evaluated. B.Activated. C.Affected. D.Reduced.12.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ImpactofLanguageFamiliarityonBrain

B.ChallengesinStudyingLanguageGeniuses

C.SecretsofLanguageProcessinginPolyglots

D.EdgeoffMRIinRevealingLanguageProcessingDAthemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetinginSwitzerlandwastheperceivedneedto“speedupbreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology”Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency;somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence(AI).Invariousconversations,itseemstobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefasterandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?Inrecentyears,we’veseenimportantpaperswrittenbywell-knownscientistsandpublishedininfluentialjournalswereretracted(召回)becauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inonenotablecase,FrancesH.Arnold,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilyretractedapaperwhenherlabwasunabletoreplicate(復(fù)制)herresults—butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,shestatedthatshewas“abitbusy”whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell”.Arnold’shonestyisadmirable,butitraisesaquestion;ArescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacessuchasHarvard,StanfordandYalerushingtopublishratherthantakingthetimetodotheirworkright?It’simpossibletoanswerthisquestionscientificallybecausethere’snoscientificdefinitionof“rushing”.Butthere’slittledoubtthatweliveinaculturewhereacademicsatleadinguniversitiesareunderenormouspressuretoproduceresults—andalotofthem—quickly.Formalresearchassessmentshaveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyontheoutputquantity.Theexistingsystemhasledtoreducedmotivationforexcellenceandinnovationinacademicresearch.Arecentreformbyacademicswithinthefieldhasurgedforqualityoverquantity.Goodsciencetakestime.Morethan50yearspassedbetweenthe1543publicationofCopernicus’smagnumopus(天體運(yùn)行論),andthebroadscientificacceptanceoftheheliocentricmodeloftheuniverse.NearlyacenturypassedbetweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher’sidentificationoftheDNAandtheclarificationofitsdouble-helixstructureinthe1950s.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistsandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentalmovement.Scientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Considerthevolumeofacademicpapersbeingpublishedthesedays.Onerecentstudyputthenumberatoversevenmillionayear,comparedwithfewerthanamillionasrecentlyas1980.Anotherstudyfound265academicauthors—twothirdsofwhomwereinthemedicalandlifesciences—whopublishedapapereveryfivedaysonaverage.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorshipofpapers,butthenumbersalsosuggestthattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchersmayneedtoslowdown—notspeedup—ifwearetoproducetrustworthyknowledge.13.TheauthorgivesanexampleofFrancesH.Arnoldtoshowthat______.A.academicfieldsvaluehonesty

B.scientistslacktimeforresearch

C.scholarstendtopublishpapersinahurry

D.laboratoriesfailtoreplicatescientificresults14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.AIandclimateissuesblockresearchprogress.

B.Defining“rushing”boostsacademicproductivity.

C.IdentifyingDNAiseasierthanclarifyingitsstructure.

D.Scholarshaveacknowledgedtheproblemwithacademicevaluation.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthor’sopiniononscientificresearch?A.Researchcredibilityisatoppriorityinscience.

B.Morepublicationsenhanceresearchers’reputation.

C.Studiesinmedicalandlifesciencesaresatisfactory.

D.Co-authorshipneedstobecancelledforreliableresearch.三、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。Ifyouareaskedtodescribeyourrelationshipwithyourphone,whatwouldyousay?

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Forthoseofuswhousedigitaltechnologywithregularity,wewillunavoidablythinkwehaveoverdoneit.Butarewereallyaddictedtoourscreens?Forthevastmajorityofusers,theanswerisnobecausethere’snoformalsetofcriteriafordigitaladdiction.

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Thistestwasgiventoaround800people,usingcriteriapreviouslyadoptedinmanyotherstudies.Theteamfoundthat69%oftheparticipantscouldbediagnosedwithanaddictiontospendingtimewiththeirfriends.

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Instead,theteamwasshowinghoweasyitistocreatewhatappearstobeadata-drivenmeasureofanaddictivebehavior,whichactuallyisanormalpartofeverydaylife.Theideaofbeingaddictedtoofflinefriendshipsisridiculous,butthatiswhatishappeninginthedigitaltechnologyresearchliterature.Wearestuckwithresearcherscombiningpeople’senjoymentofanactivitywiththeideathatithasthepotentialtobecomeaddictive.

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Itistruethatwecandevelopbadrelationshipswiththetechnologyweuse,butanemerginglineofresearchsaysweneedtoviewourrelationshipswithdigitaltechnologyintermsofhabits,notintermsofproblematicuse.

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Whethertheyhavepositiveornegativeeffectsonourwell-beingdependsnotjustonthetypeofhabit,butonthecontextinwhichitoccurs,howfrequentlyitoccursandwhatotherfactorsmightbecontributingtoit.Thinkingaboutourtechnologyuseintermsofhabitoffersusamuchwiderrangeofoptions.Ratherthangettingridoftechnologyaltogether,wecanseekourdigitalexperiencethatpromotepositiveeffectswhileminimizingnegativeimpacts.A．Manyofusarelikelytodevelopbadhabits.B．Habits,likecheckingourphones,areneutral.C．Formany,theword“addicted”wouldspringtomind.D．Thisleadsultimatelytothebeliefthattheactivityisnaturallybad.E．Obviously,theaimwasn’ttofuelanewmoralpanicaboutsocializing.F．Arecentstudyhasrevealedevidencethatshowspositiveeffectsofdigitaluse.G．Backin2020,ateamusedstandardtechniquestodoanoffline-friendaddictionquestionnaire.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空：本大題共10小題，共15分。TheRedCrossbuspulledintoourschoolparkinglot,welcomingstudentsovertheageofeighteento

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blood.Honestly,mostwereattractedbythepromiseoffreecookiesandjuice.Teacherswerealsoencouragedtoparticipate.Afterwatchingaheartwarmingvideo,manyofus

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togiveblood,myselfincluded.Thenursehadjustremovedtheneedlefrommyarmwhenthebellrangforthenextlesson.IclimbedthethreeflightsofstairstomyclassroomandbythetimeIopenedthedoorformystudents,Ifeltslightly

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,asifwalkingonclouds.Fortherestofthatafternoon,Ievenfeltsicktomystomach,soImadeamentalnotetoleavesuch

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forafter-schoolhours.

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,theideaslippedmymindasIgrewbusywithotherresponsibilities.Nevertheless,perception(看法)always

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withexperience.Earlyinmycancertreatment,Iexperiencedpainfulchemotherapy(化療).Thebloodtransfusionsbreathednewlifeintome.Then,I

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,foreachbloodproductdonated,therewasaliving,breathingrecipient,justlikeme.Watchingtheliquidentermybody,Iwas

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bythefactthatplatelets(血小板)arebrightyellow,likethesun.Itistrulyamazingthatapartofonepersoncansavethelifeofanother.Iam

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tothestranger,whosekindnesshasallowedmetoregeneratemyweakenedbodyandlivetofightanotherday.TheGreekshaveseveralwordstodefinelove.Themostpowerfulisagape,whichmeans“l(fā)ovewithaction,”particularlywhenitisconcernedwiththegreater

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ofanother.Andtomany,includingme,that’sexactlywhatblooddonationhasbeen.21.A.draw B.test C.collect D.donate22.A.refused B.hesitated C.pretended D.volunteered23.A.dizzy B.afraid C.down D.ashamed24.A.rights B.opinions C.adventures D.judgements25.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Moreover26.A.appears B.changes C.declines D.remains27.A.denied B.imagined C.recalled D.realised28.A.puzzled B.amused C.fascinated D.embarrassed29.A.open B.polite C.grateful D.generous30.A.mercy B.good C.success D.effort五、單句語法填空：本大題共10小題，共10分。31.Heissucha_________(curiosity)boy,alwaysaskingquestions.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)32.Scientists______(learn)alotaboutthebraininthelastdecade.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)33.Shewasquitedisappointedtofindthatthey______(leave)already.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)34.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______(correct)them.（用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）35.Simplegymequipment,______(use)correctly,canimprovefitnesslevels.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)36.An______(accuracy)descriptionoftheproblemisthefirststepinsolvingit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)37.She______(practise)thepianosincebreakfast,andherfingersarestartingtoache.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)38.Itsuptoyou______(decide)whatyoucandoandhowwellyoucandoitinyourcareer.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)39.Inthe1950s,anattempt______(make)toprove“SixDegreesofSeparation”mathematically.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)40.Thechildrenstartedplayingwithwaterballoons,______(turn)thebackyardintoawetandwildbattlefield.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)六、閱讀表達(dá)：本大題共1小題，共10分。41.SurveydatashowthatAmericancustomerstodayaremorethantwiceaslikelytocomplainaboutaproductorserviceastheywerein1976.Peoplearegrumbling(抱怨)moreatworktoo.NearlyathirdofemployersinoneUK-basedsurveywitnessedanincreaseinemployeecomplaintsoveratwo-yearperiod.Ofcourse,youcanalwaysfindsomethingtocomplainabout.Butifyoudosohabitually,thatisprobablyhurtingyou,makingothersfeeldown,andmakingyoualessattractivepersontobearound.Soyoumightwanttoresistthetrendtowardacultureofcomplaint.Sometimes,complainingis“instrumental,”designedtogainredress(補(bǔ)償)fordispleasure,suchaspoorserviceorannoyingbehaviourfromafamilymember.Complainingcanalsobe“chronic,”astateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandrefusetobecomforted.Moretypically,however,complainingissimplytoletoutdispleasureorobtainsympathy.Theproblemwithcomplainingisthateventhoughitcanfeeltherapeutic(有療效的),ittypicallyisn’t.Althoughcomplainingmightoffertemporaryrelief,it’sbadforyourhappinessinthelongrun.Scholarshaveshownthatpeoplewhosharenegativeemotionsonsocialmediaexperiencelowerlevelsofwellbeing.Complainingcanalsolowerthehappinessofthepeoplearoundyou.Researchersshowedthatsimplyhearinganother’scomplaintlowersone’smood.Evenworse,insomerelationships,thenegativeeffectcanpasslikeavirustothoseexposed.Let’sassume,however,thatyourlivelihooddoesnotrelyonspreadingmisery.Muchmorelikelyisthatitwillbeinyourinterest,ifyouhaveacomplaininghabit,tobreakit.Thepeopleyoucareaboutwillbehappiertoo.(1)Whatisthepurposeof“instrumental”complaining?___________________________________________________________________________________________(2)Whatarethenegativeeffectsofcomplaining?____________________________________________________________________________________________(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?“Chronic”complainingisastateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandtrytoobtainsympathy.___________________________________________________________________________________________(4)Insteadofcomplaining,howwouldyoudealwithdissatisfactioninlife?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________七、書面表達(dá)：本大題共1小題，共25分。42.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你校國際部即將舉辦“校園科技節(jié)”，現(xiàn)正在全校招募英語志愿者。請你用英語給活動負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封申請信，內(nèi)容包括：1.闡述申請理由；2.介紹個人優(yōu)勢。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：ScienceandTechnologyFestivalDearSir/Madam,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

答案解析1.【答案】【小題1】figureout

【小題2】intermsof

【小題3】deserve

【小題4】heartandsoul

【小題5】aregoingthrough

【小題6】havenointentionof

【小題7】wereinvolvedin

【小題8】factor【小題9】appealsto【小題10】reliable【解析】1.

查固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞。句意：我無法計算這次旅行將花費多少。此處需要表示“計算出”，因此使用動詞短語figureout，位于情態(tài)動詞can’t后，用動詞原形。故填figureout。

2.

考查固定搭配。句意：僅僅以成功來判斷幸福是錯誤的。此處需要表示“根據(jù)，從……角度看”，因此使用介詞短語intermsof。故填intermsof。

3.

考查動詞、時態(tài)。句意：我認(rèn)為在辛苦工作之后，我們應(yīng)得好好休息一下。此處需要表示“應(yīng)該得到”，因此使用動詞deserve，本句表經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作，故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且think后的賓語從句的主語為we，故謂語用動詞原形。故填deserve。

4.

考查固定搭配。句意：他一生全心全意為國家工作。此處修飾動詞worked，表示“全心全意地”，因此使用heartandsoul。故填heartandsoul。

5.

考查固定搭配、時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)你正經(jīng)歷危機(jī)時，找人傾訴往往會有幫助。此處表示“經(jīng)歷”，因此使用固定搭配gothrough，且句子時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示事情正在發(fā)生，主語為you，be動詞用are。故填aregoingthrough。

6.

考查固定搭配、時態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人無意在整個一生只做一份工作。此處表示“無意做某事”，因此使用固定搭配havenointentionof，本句表經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作，故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語為Mostpeople，故謂語用動詞原形。故填havenointentionof。

7.

考查固定搭配、時態(tài)。句意：這是一個龐大的項目，超過20家軟件公司參與其中。此處表示“參與”，因此使用固定搭配beinvolvedin，由空前的was可知，本句描述過去的動作，故時態(tài)用一般過去時，主語over20softwarecompanies為復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞用were。故填wereinvolvedin。

8.

考查名詞。句意：研究已證實吸煙是癌癥的一個危險因素。此處表示“因素”，因此使用factor，結(jié)合空前的a可知，用單數(shù)形式，作表語。故填factor。

9.

考查固定搭配、時態(tài)。句意：這款創(chuàng)新智能手機(jī)設(shè)計吸引了所有年齡段和社會群體。此處表示“吸引”，因此使用固定搭配appealto，本句表經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作，故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語Theinnovativesmartphonedesign為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填appealsto。

10.

考查形容詞。句意：公司總是欣賞一個可靠的人，他們可以信任這個人去做這項工作。此處表示“可靠的”，因此使用形容詞reliable，作定語，修飾名詞person。故填reliable。2~4.【答案】D、A、A【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹哈佛大學(xué)的在線課程。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由AbouttheCourses中NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang中“You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.(你還將學(xué)習(xí)如何創(chuàng)作和分析詩歌和書法。)”可知，如果你想知道如何分析詩歌，你可以選擇NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang。故選D項。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由WaystoTaketheCourses中第二段“Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.(在旁聽賽道中，學(xué)習(xí)是免費的，在18周內(nèi)自主學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)員可以訪問我們的部分課程資源。此外，課程視頻和講義不可下載。請注意，這個賽道不提供官方證書。)”可知，在旁聽賽道中，你可以決定學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度。故選A項。

3.

推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Ifyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!(如果你是一個文學(xué)愛好者，并且想進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)，哈佛大學(xué)的在線課程是一個很好的選擇！)”和最后一段“Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:

(如果您感興趣并想了解更多信息，請單擊此處：)”可知，文章主要介紹哈佛大學(xué)的在線課程，主要目的是為在線課程做廣告。故選A項。5~8.【答案】D、B、C、D【解析】【文章大意】本文屬于記敘文。文章主要講述了少年NalinKamat在面臨藝術(shù)界年齡限制的挑戰(zhàn)后，受到啟發(fā)創(chuàng)立LittleEGGGallery，為未成年藝術(shù)家提供展示平臺的故事。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的“Yethewantedmore—specificallytostartshowinghisworksinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess,ensuringthatonlythemostoutstandingworksareincludedintheexhibition.(然而，他更具體地希望開始在一個評審展覽中展示他的作品，在那里，藝術(shù)專家將在一個競爭激烈的評審過程中評估和選擇作品，確保只有最杰出的作品被包括在展覽中。)”可知，評審制度的展覽是由藝術(shù)專家評估并挑選作品，確保只有最杰出的作品才能參展。故選D。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcreation.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwedeserve,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunityformoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力。“作為年輕的藝術(shù)家，我們沒有得到我認(rèn)為應(yīng)得的贊譽(yù)，我們也沒有很多機(jī)會展示我們在藝術(shù)上付出的努力。我想如果我能為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機(jī)會，那就太酷了，”現(xiàn)年15歲的Nalin說。)”可知，被拒絕后，Nalin感到受到激勵，想要為年輕藝術(shù)家提供更多機(jī)會。故選B。

3.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcreation.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwedeserve,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunityformoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.(這種拒絕成為了創(chuàng)造的動力?！白鳛槟贻p的藝術(shù)家，我們沒有得到我認(rèn)為應(yīng)得的贊譽(yù)，我們也沒有很多機(jī)會展示我們在藝術(shù)上付出的努力。我想如果我能為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機(jī)會，那就太酷了，”現(xiàn)年15歲的Nalin說。)”及第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.(在父母的支持下，2023年1月，納林創(chuàng)辦了專為未成年藝術(shù)家開設(shè)的商業(yè)工作室LittleEGGGallery。)”可知，Nalin創(chuàng)立LittleEGGGallery的目的是為未成年藝術(shù)家提供一個展示平臺。故選C。

4.

推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcr