高中英語譯林版必修4Unit3Section4

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(被動(dòng)語態(tài),,[語法初識])原句感知自主探究①BoththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoaputernetworkintheVRstudio.②Inonecase,ateenagerwhowasafraidoftalkingandplayingwithhisschoolmateswastreatedwithVR.③Toachievethis,specialVRheadsetsaredesignedtoallowtheuserstoseein3-Dandhearthesoundallaroundthem.④Engineerscanenterthedesignofaneighbourhoodintoaputer,andthenuseVRto“walk”aroundtheneighbourhood,seehowitlooksandmakechangesbeforeconstructioniscarriedout.⑤Besidesthis,VRcanbeusedtopractiseskillsinasecureenvironmentthatotherwisewouldbequitedangerous.⑥However,withVRweareabletodothingsthatcouldneverbeachievedinreallife.(1)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中主語是動(dòng)作的承受者；(2)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中謂語的基本構(gòu)成形式為：助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。(3)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中謂語可以有各種時(shí)態(tài)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一語態(tài)的概念英語中動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)(ActiveVoice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)之分。如果主語是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的承受者，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。OurEnglishteacherencouragedMary.我們英語老師鼓勵(lì)了瑪麗。MarywasencouragedbyourEnglishteacher.瑪麗受到了我們英語老師的鼓勵(lì)。第一句中的動(dòng)詞encouraged是主動(dòng)語態(tài)；第二句中的動(dòng)詞wasencouraged是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。語法點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：“助動(dòng)詞be/get＋過去分詞”。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化，以動(dòng)詞take為例，其常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式如下表：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aretaken一般過去時(shí)was/weretaken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingtaken過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingtaken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeentaken過去完成時(shí)hadbeentaken一般將來時(shí)will/shallbetaken過去將來時(shí)would/shouldbetakenYouarewantedonthephone.有你的。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))Therailwaywasbuiltin1998.這條鐵路建于1998年。(一般過去時(shí))Anewrailwayisbeingbuiltinthiscity.這個(gè)城市正在修建一條新的鐵路。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))Therailwaywasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.去年這個(gè)時(shí)候這條鐵路正在修建。(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))Thenewrailwayhasalreadybeenbuilt.新鐵路已經(jīng)建成了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Thenewrailwayhadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastyear.這條鐵路在去年年底前已經(jīng)建成了。(過去完成時(shí))Anewrailwaywillbebuiltinthiscitynextyear.這個(gè)城市明年將建一條新的鐵路。(一般將來時(shí))Hetoldusthatthenewrailwaywouldbebuiltthenextyear.他告訴我們新鐵路將于第二年建成。(過去將來時(shí))[即時(shí)演練1](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Iwas_given(give)anewbookonmylastbirthday.②Theroomhad_been_cleaned(clean)beforewecame.③Thesingeris_said(say)tohavebeenaccusedoftakingdrugs.④Thephysicslessonwill_be_taught(teach)inthelabtomorrow.⑤Theflowersare_being_watered(water)bythemnow.(2)(2016·江蘇高考)Moreefforts,asreported,________intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.A．a(chǎn)remadeB．willbemadeC．a(chǎn)rebeingmadeD．havebeenmade解析：選B句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，為加快供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，今后幾年將會付出更多的努力。由intheyearsahead“今后幾年”(一般將來時(shí))和moreefforts與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系(被動(dòng)語態(tài))可知用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。(3)(2015·北京高考)Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We________wellbyourhosts.A．weretreatedB．wouldbetreatedC．treatedD．hadtreated解析：選A考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：“你喜歡這個(gè)聚會嗎？”“是的。我們受到了主人很好的招待。”根據(jù)問句可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；由we與treat之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以答案為A。語法點(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(may,might,can,could,should,oughtto,must)＋be＋過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Nowadays,solarenergycanbeusedtoproduceelectricityinmanycountries.現(xiàn)在太陽能在許多國家可以被用來發(fā)電。Arealsenseofachievementandhappinessmaybefelt.一種真正的成就感和幸福感可能被感覺到。Thepollutionmustbestopped.必須停止污染。[即時(shí)演練2](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①TeacherscanuseRealCineintheclassroom.→RealCinecanbeusedintheclassroombyteachers.②Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourtablemanners.→Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoyourtablemanners.(2)Itmust________thatChinahastherighttobeacceptedasamembercountryofWTO.A．pointoutB．havepointedoutC．bepointedoutD．bepointingout解析：選C考查that從句變被動(dòng)的句型，同時(shí)又加入了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來干擾，增加試題的難度。基本句型是Itispointedoutthat...，所以答案為C項(xiàng)。2．使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。get,leave,cause等使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語是帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)該不定式不變。Myfathermademestayuplatetofinishmyhomework.(主動(dòng))Iwasmadetostayuplatetofinishmyhomeworkbymyfather.(被動(dòng))[即時(shí)演練3](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Ididn'tnoticeherentertheoffice.→Shewasn'tnoticedtoentertheoffice.②Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.→Astrangerwas_seentowalkintothebuilding.(2)LastDecember,14bearswereseen________fromthebile(膽汁)tradeinVietnam.A．rescuedB．torescueC．rescuingD．rescue解析：選A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！皊eesb./sth.do/doing/done”為常用結(jié)構(gòu)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為“beseentodo/doing/done”。分析題干可知，空格處與句子的主語之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞“rescued”。故選A。(2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.媽媽給他一份生日禮物。3．短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉它后面搭配的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthatanewrailwaystationwillbesetupinmyhometown.據(jù)說一個(gè)新的火車站將在我的家鄉(xiāng)建起來。Thebabyisbeingtakencareofbyhisgrandmother.嬰兒是由他祖母照顧的。Suchastrangestoryhasneverbeenheardof.這樣奇怪的事情從沒有聽說過。[即時(shí)演練4](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①M(fèi)ysistermademeabigcake.→Iwas_madeabigcakebymysister.②Weshouldmakegooduseofeverychance.→Everychanceshouldbemadegooduseof.(2)Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheoperation,sohe________.A．mustbetakencareB．musttakecareofC．mustbelookedafterD．mustlookafter解析：選C句意：這位老人手術(shù)后很虛弱，所以必須被照顧。由句意可知此處表示被照顧，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)需改為“mustbetakencareof”。語法點(diǎn)四使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題1.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)；當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,shut,dry,drink等表示某種屬性且?guī)в行揎椪Z時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。Thefishsmellsgood.魚聞起來很香。Thebookwrittenbythatfamouswritersellsverywell.那位著名作家寫的書很暢銷。(實(shí)際上是被賣得暢銷)Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起來很柔軟。Thesecupscleaneasily.這些杯子很容易洗。Themuseumdoesn'topenonMonday.博物館星期一不開放。[名師點(diǎn)津]下面的短語經(jīng)常使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)：eout,eintobeing,gooff,runout,giveout,givein。(2)want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Theseflowerswant/require/needwatering/tobewatered.這些花需要澆水。(3)“be＋adj.＋todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Heisn'teasytogetalongwith.他不容易相處。[即時(shí)演練5](1)單句改錯(cuò)①Thefishyoucookedwastastednice.去掉was②Thiskindofdressissoldwellinthisarea.is_sold→sells(2)完成句子①我的房子需要修理了。Myhouseneedsrepairing.②老年人需要細(xì)心照料。(look短語)Theoldrequirelooking_aftercarefully.③這個(gè)問題容易回答。Thisquestioniseasyto_answer.④這個(gè)包背起來很重。Thebagisheavyto_carry.2．含被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型及其轉(zhuǎn)換“Itis＋過去分詞＋that從句”這一句型的常見形式有：Itishopedthat...人們希望……Itisthoughtthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itis(well)knownthat...眾所周知……Itissupposed/consideredthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itisagreedthat...人們一致同意……Itisjudgedthat...據(jù)判斷……Itisprovedthat...據(jù)證實(shí)……Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)……Itisbelievedthathehasbeenworkinghard.大家相信他一直努力工作。Itisreportedthathehasbeendrivingwhiledrunk.據(jù)報(bào)道，他醉酒駕車。[名師點(diǎn)津]以上句式大多數(shù)可轉(zhuǎn)換為Sb./Sth.issaid/believed/thought/considered/reportedto...句型。Itissaidthatsheistherichestwomaninthecity.→Sheissaidtobetherichestwomaninthecity.據(jù)說她是這個(gè)城市里最富有的女人。[即時(shí)演練6]句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Peoplesayyouarearealhero.→Youaresaidtobearealhero.→Itissaidthatyouarearealhero.②PeoplesaidEdisonhadinventedthefirstlight.→Edisonwassaidtohaveinventedthefirstlight.→ItwassaidthatEdisonhadinventedthefirstlight.3．被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”可能是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，句子主語是動(dòng)作的承受者；系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。Thecupwasbrokenbymybrother.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))這個(gè)茶杯是我弟弟打碎的。Thecupisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))這個(gè)茶杯破了。[即時(shí)演練7]判斷下列句子屬于A(系表結(jié)構(gòu))還是B(被動(dòng)語態(tài))①Thegateofthegardenwaslockedbythegirl.(B)②Thegateofthegardenwaslocked.(A)③Iaminterestedinputerstudies.(A)④Theoldmanwassurroundedbythechildren.(B)⑤Thispicturewasdrawnlongago.(B)想象類作文[技法指導(dǎo)]想象類作文是作者根據(jù)自己已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識，超越實(shí)際生活來勾畫從未見過的或者不曾出現(xiàn)過的生活圖景的文章。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．采用記敘文或說明文的形式，圍繞主題來逐一列舉所給要點(diǎn)。2．要有一個(gè)明確的主題。想象類作文雖然題材廣泛，但所選的材料必須緊扣這個(gè)主題。3．要有現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。4．可采用第一人稱或第三人稱來敘述。5．時(shí)態(tài)以一般將來時(shí)為主。[黃金表達(dá)]1．開頭常用句式：SometimesIdreamaboutlifeinthefuture.Iimaginelifeinthefuturefromtimetotime.Iamcuriousaboutfuturelife.Itisfascinatingtoimaginelifeinthefuture.2．表達(dá)預(yù)測的常用句式：Maybeinthefuturewecan...Thereisapossibilitythathumanbeingswill...Perhapssomepeoplewill...Wewillbeliving...inthefuture.3．結(jié)尾常用句式：Ibelievethedreamwilletruesomeday.Inmyopinion,thedreamwillbeturnedintorealityoneday.AsfarasI'mconcerned,wewillrealizethedreamsoonerorlater.[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]最近某報(bào)社組織了一次英文大賽，主題是YourIdealCityintheFuture，你對此很感興趣。請你根據(jù)報(bào)社提供的以下信息寫一篇英語短文。1．每個(gè)人都有夢想，都對未來生活寄予很多的希望；2．希望未來城市生活美好，沒有戰(zhàn)爭、污染、災(zāi)難；人們生活在和平、潔凈、和諧的環(huán)境中，無憂無慮，幸?？鞓罚?．雖然未來城市有點(diǎn)理想化，但我們可以共同努力，盡好自己的每一份責(zé)任，建設(shè)自己的美好家園。注意：1.短文應(yīng)包括以上所有信息，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2．詞數(shù)150左右。YourIdealCityintheFuture[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．當(dāng)談及……when_it_es_to_...2．將來in_the_future3．在某人心目中in_one's_mind4．遠(yuǎn)離keep_away_from5．與……和諧相處In_harmony_with_...6．過著幸福多彩的生活live/lead_a_happy_and_colorful_life7．努力make_efforts8．盡好……的責(zé)任take_the_responsibility_of_...第二步：由詞造句1．所有的人都會過著幸福而豐富多彩的生活，不用擔(dān)心和悲傷。①Allthepeoplewillliveahappyandcolorfullifefree_from_worry_and_sorrow.②Allthepeoplewillliveahappyandcolorfullifewhich_is_free_from_worry_and_sorrow.2．雖然未來城市有點(diǎn)理想化，但我們可以共同努力，盡好自己的每一份責(zé)任，建設(shè)自己的美好家園。①Althoughit'sanidealcity,which_is_far_from_the_reality,_wecanmakeeffortstogetherandtaketheresponsibilityofbuildingamorepleasantcity.②Althoughit'sanidealcityfar_from_the_reality,_wecanmakeeffortstogetherandtaketheresponsibilityofbuildingamorepleasantcity.第三步：連句成篇YourIdealCityintheFutureWhenitesto“Future”，everyonehasvariousexpectationsaboutit,becauseweallhaveourowndreams.Iwanttoliveinanidealandwonderfulcityinthefuture.Inmymind,therewillbenowar,pollutionordisasterinit.Alltheterriblethingswillbekeptawayfrompeople.We'llliveinpeaceandharmonywitheachotherwiththecleanenvironmentaroundus.Allthepeoplewillliveahappyandcolorfullifefreefromworryandsorrow.Althoughit'sanidealcityfarfromthereality,wecanmakeeffortstogetherandtaketheresponsibilityofbuildingamorepleasantcity.Remember:Wherethereishope,thereispossibility.Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement________.A．hasbeenreachedB．hadbeenreachedC．hasreachedD．hadreached解析：選B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。reach表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wasannounced之前，且anagreement為reach的賓語，所以要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2．Theflowersweresolovelythatthey________innotime.A．soldB．hadbeensoldC．weresoldD．wouldsell解析：選C考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。they(theflowers)與sell之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主句用了一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句與主句動(dòng)作沒有先后，所以從句也用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。3．Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport________andIwanttolisten.A．isbroadcastB．isbeingbroadcastC．hasbeenbroadcastD．hadbeenbroadcast解析：選B句意：請保持安靜好嗎？正在廣播天氣預(yù)報(bào)，我想聽一下。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4．Weareconfidentthattheenvironment________byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.A．hadbeenimprovedB．willbeimprovedC．isimprovedD．wasimproved解析：選B考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們相信環(huán)境會在我們進(jìn)一步減少污染的努力下得到改善。由題干中的“Weareconfidentthat”可知，此處應(yīng)該選擇具有將來意義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式，故選B。5．Ifnothing________，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.A．doesB．hadbeendoneC．willdoD．isdone解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：如果什么都不做，海洋就會變成魚類的沙漠。在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句為將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；主語nothing與動(dòng)詞do之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6．AMidsummerNight'sDream________attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.A．opensB．isopenedC．willopenD．willbeopened解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；open表示“開始公演”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故A項(xiàng)正確。7．TVandradioprogrammes________theothersideoftheworldwiththehelpofthesatellites.A．cansendtoB．cansendonC．canbesenttoD．canbesenton解析：選C句意：在衛(wèi)星的幫助下，電視和廣播節(jié)目能被發(fā)送到世界的其他地方。由句意可知此處需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，besenttosomeplace表示“被發(fā)送到某地”，即C項(xiàng)正確。8．We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________toachievethefinalsuccess.A．beingdoneB．doC．tobedoneD．todo解析：選C考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)好的開端，但是為實(shí)現(xiàn)最后的勝利，接下來還有很多的工作要做。need在此意為“需要”，sth.needdoing，相當(dāng)于sth.needtobedone,意為“……需要被做”。9．Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier________intosmallpieces.A．breakB．breakingC．brokenD．tobreak解析：選D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：湯姆問糖果制造商他們能否把巧克力制作得更易于掰成小塊?！?be)＋形容詞＋不定式”為常用句式，該結(jié)構(gòu)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。10．Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI________onFriday.A．getpaidB．gotpaidC．havepaidD．hadbeenpaid解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處Iwaswonderingifyoucould...表示委婉語氣。在時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，且I與pay之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以選A。Ⅱ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Everypossiblemeanshas_been_used(use)topreventtheairpollution,thoughtheskyisstillnotclear.2．Theletterwas_posted(post)aweekagoanditarrived(arrive)yesterday.3．ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cardswere_designed(design)forentertainmentandeducation.4．Theboatsank(sink)quicklybutfortunatelyeverybodywas_rescued(rescue)．5．Greatchangeshave_taken(take)placeinmyhometowninthepasttwentyyears.6．WhileIwasonholiday,mycameradisappeared(disappear)frommyhotelroom.7．Hefelloffthecarandgotinjured(injure)．8．—Howdidyoulikehisspeech?—Oh,itwasverygood.Whathesaidsounded(sound)likepoetry.Ⅲ.把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)1．Peopleuseagreatdealofwaterinthiscity.→Agreatdealofwateris_usedinthiscity.2．CanIanswerthisquestioninsimpleEnglish?→Canthisquestionbe_answeredinsimpleEnglish?3．YoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourspokenEnglish.→YourspokenEnglishshould_be_paid_more_attention_to.→Moreattentionshould_be_paid_toyourspokenEnglish.4．Hegavehersomemoney.→Shewas_givensomemoneybyhim.→Somemoneywas_given_toherbyhim.5．Isawhimethismorning.→He_was_seen_to_e_this_morning.6．Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers.→The_papers_have_not_been_signed_by_the_manager.7．DomanypeoplespeakChineseoutsideChina?→IsChinesespokenbymanypeopleoutsideChina?8．Thepolicearelookingintothematter.→The_matter_is_being_looked_into_by_the_police.[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(十一)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Whatkindofadvice________toyou?A．gaveB．wasgaveC．hasbeengivenD．hasgiven解析：選C考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：人們給了你什么樣的建議？advice和give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)改為wasgiven。2．—Whathappenedtothesaleswoman?—Wedon'tknow.She________aroundherethesedays.A．hasn'tseenB．hasn'tbeenseenC．didn'tseeD．hasn'tbeen解析：選B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。thesedays暗示應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，she與see之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故B正確。3．Asaresultoftheseriousfloodtwo-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A．needrepairingB．needstorepairC．needsrepairingD．needtorepair解析：選A“分?jǐn)?shù)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；needdoing相當(dāng)于needtobedone,故選A項(xiàng)。4．Theconstructionofthegym________bytheendofJanuaryaccordingtothecontract.A．mustbepletingB．mustpleteC．musthavepletedD．musthavebeenpleted解析：選D句意：根據(jù)合同，體育館必須要在一月底建成。由時(shí)間狀語bytheendofJanuary和句意可知此處需用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示到特定的時(shí)間完成的動(dòng)作。5．YesterdayPeter________aticketforspeeding.A．gaveB．hadbeengivenC．wasgivenD．hasgiven解析：選C考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：昨天彼得因?yàn)槌俦唤o了罰單。由句意可知此處表示被動(dòng)，且有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6．Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea________.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.A．haverunoutB．a(chǎn)rerunningoutC．havebeenrunoutD．a(chǎn)rebeingrunout解析：選B句意：洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物供應(yīng)快用完了。我們必須在他們沒有食物之前立即采取行動(dòng)。詞組runout意為“用完”，沒有被動(dòng)形式，所以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第二句語境可知食物快用完了，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，所以選B項(xiàng)。7．—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou________thisjob?—Well,I'mthinkingaboutthesalary.A．offerB．willofferC．a(chǎn)reofferedD．willbeoffered解析：選C考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。you與動(dòng)詞offer之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。ifyouareofferedthisjob表示“如果你得到這份工作”。8．—Whydon'twechoosethatroadtosavetime?—Thebridgetoit________.A．hasrepairedB．isrepairedC．isbeingrepairedD．willberepaired解析：選C根據(jù)語境可知，不選擇那條路是因?yàn)橥ㄍ菞l路的橋梁正在被修理，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9．Greatchanges________inthecityinthepast20years,andalotoffactories________.A．havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB．havetakenplace;havebeensetupC．havetakenplace;havesetupD．havebeentakenplace;havesetup解析：選B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的20年里，這個(gè)城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化，建了許多工廠。inthepast20years暗示了用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；takeplace表示“發(fā)生”，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)；factories與setup之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。10．Unlesssomeextramoney________，thetheatrewillclose.A．wasfoundB．findsC．isfoundD．found解析：選C句意：除非找到一些額外的錢，否則，劇院就倒閉了。根據(jù)主句的將來時(shí)態(tài)可知，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；因?yàn)閒ind與money之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀理解Evergetthatfeelingyou'rebeingwatched?Well,ifyou'readog-owner,youmayhaveapoint.Dogsareabletowatchpeople'sinteractionswithoneanothertodeterminewhoholdsyummiertreats,accordingtoanewstudy.Thisstudyjoinsothersthatshowdogsaregoodobserversofhumanbehaviorandfeelings.Itoffersevidencedogsuseinformationnotonlyfrompeople'sdirectinteractionswiththem,butalsotheirinteractionswithoneanother.Inthestudy,dogswatchedamanasktwowomenforsomeoftheircorns.Bothwomengavethemancornswhenheasked,butinresponsetoonewoman,themanshowedhisenthusiasmandsaidthecornsweresodelicious.Inresponsetotheotherwoman,hegavethecornsbackandcalledthemgross(inSpanish;thestudywasconductedinArgentina)．Aftertheseinteractions,themanleftandanassistantholdingthedogletthedoggo.Whilemanydogsdidn'tapproacheitherwoman,thedogsthatdidhaveapreferencetendedtopreferthewomanwiththeyummierfood.Otherstudiesofdogs'people-watchingabilityhavefounddogsareabletotellthedifferencebetweenhappyandsadfacesintheirowners.Theypreferpeoplewhogiveothersfoodwhenaskedoverpeoplewhodon'tgiveothersfood.Andinonestudy,dogsturnedtowardcryingpeoplemoreoftenthantowardtalkingpeople.Sohowmuchdodogsreallyunderstandaboutthehumansaroundthem?That'snottotallysettledyet.InastrangetwisttotheArgentinestudyabove,whentheresearcherstriedanexperimentinwhichtheyputtwoplatesofcornsonatableandhadamanreacttoeachplate,dogsdidn'tpreferentiallyapproachthetastierplateafterward.Youcouldsaydogswatchfortheinteractionbetweentwopeople,notjusthowapersonreacts.Yetapreviousstudyfounddogswillchooseboxesthatpeoplereactedtohappily,butnotboxespeoplereactedtowithadisgustedface.Well,eitherway,youcanbesureFluffsiskeepinganeyeonyou,tothebestofherability.ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalPLOSONE.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇研究報(bào)告。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)狗會觀察、理解人的行為及感情。)1．WhatdoesthestudymentionedinParagraph1show?A．Dogspreferyummierfood.B．Dogsliketocopyhumans'behavior.C．Dogscaninteractwithhumanseasily.D．Dogscanreadhumanactionsandfeelings.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thisstudyjoinsothersthatshowdogsaregoodobserversofhumanbehaviorandfeelings.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)狗有時(shí)會理解人的行為及感情。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gross”probablymean?A．Disgusting.B．Healthy.C．Yummy.D．Hot.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“inresponsetoonewoman,themanshowedhisenthusiasmandsaidthecornsweresodelicious.Inresponsetotheotherwoman,hegavethecornsbackandcalledthemgross...”可知，gross與delicious是反義詞，所以A項(xiàng)Disgusting(令人厭惡的)正確。3．WhichisoneoftheproceduresoftheArgentinestudy?A．Oneofthewomendidn'tgivethefoodtotheman.B．Themanhaddifferentreactionstothefoodreceived.C．Theassistantacpaniedthedogstogetthefood.D．Manydogswenttooneofthewomen.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“butinresponsetoonewoman,themanshowedhisenthusiasmandsaidthecornsweresodelicious.Inresponsetotheotherwoman,hegavethecornsbackandcalledthemgross...”可知，為了證明狗是否能讀懂人類的行為及感情，實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中的男士對所接受的食物作出不同的反應(yīng)。4．WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph4?A．Interactionsbetweentwopeopleconfusedogs.B．Dogsneverunderstandthereactionofoneperson.C．Dogshavegoodinteractionswithoneanother.D．Thefindingsofsomestudiesarecontroversial.解析：選D推理判斷題。第四段中的前兩句便指明了本段的主旨大意，即關(guān)于在多大程度上狗能夠理解它們身邊的人類這一問題，目前還沒有定論。緊接著作者講到兩次不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果并不相同，故D項(xiàng)正確。5．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Man'sBestFriendB．BeKindtoYourDogC．Dog'sAmazingAbilityD．DogsAreObservingYou解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段中的“Evergetthatfeelingyou'rebeingwatched?Well,ifyou'readog-owner,youmayhaveapoint.”引出文章話題，指出狗主人可能會有被注視的感覺，最后作者以“Well,eitherway,youcanbesureFluffsiskeepinganeyeonyou,tothebestofherability.”結(jié)束文章，所以D項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最佳。Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.Scientificinvestigations(調(diào)查)arealmostalwayscarriedoutbyteamsofpeopleworkingtogether.Ideasareshared,experimentsaredesigned,dataareanalyzed,andresultsareevaluated(評估，評價(jià))andsharedwithotherinvestigators.Groupworkisnecessary,andisusuallymoreproductivethanworkingalone.Severaltimesthroughouttheyearyoumaybeaskedtoworkwithoneormoreofyourclassmates.Whateverthetaskyourgroupisassigned,afewrulesneedtobefollowedtoensureaproductiveandsuccessfulexperience.Whatesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone'sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.Secondly,itmakesajobeasiertodividethegrouptaskamongallgroupmembers.Choosearoleontheteamthatisbestsuitedtoyourparticularstrengths.Thirdly,alwaysworktogether,taketurns,andencourageeacho