完形填空句組和語(yǔ)篇層次題-2025屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

完形填空之句組層次題———三大解題技巧句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級(jí)的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需瞻前顧后，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。三大解題技巧：一、利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題二、利用作者的態(tài)度或感情色彩解題三、利用前后語(yǔ)境解題技巧一：利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)以及結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)等。完形填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相連的語(yǔ)篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)、前后同義或反義、相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。所以，解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時(shí)要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。[真題典例][典例1]原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(2022·浙江1月卷·片段)WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear，shestartedhavingproblemswithher36，notablydrynessanddiscomfort....Eventually，Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch43.programatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.36．A.throatB．skinC．lungsD．eyes[題目試做]36.__________eye原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【2022·全國(guó)甲】WhenIfirstdatedSteve,Ilearnedhehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack___46___,thecat.46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly雖然我很高興他是一個(gè)動(dòng)物愛(ài)好者，但我擔(dān)心三條狗可能太多了，我的狗可能會(huì)攻擊貓F(tuán)lora。根據(jù)上文的“hehadadog,Molly,andacar,Flora(他有一條名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的貓)”可知，此處指作者擔(dān)心自己的狗可能會(huì)攻擊史蒂夫的貓F(tuán)lora。故選A。Flora--Flora原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【2022·新高考I卷】Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we___22___alongChalkCreek.22.A.campedB.droveC.walked D.cycled考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我們沿著白堊溪露營(yíng)。A.camped露營(yíng)；B.drove開(kāi)車；C.walked散步；D.cycled騎自行車。根據(jù)上文“Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.”可知，此處指作者與家人一起在溪邊露營(yíng)。故選A。camping---camped原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)[典例2]同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(2021·天津3月卷·片段)Formostpeople，havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough，his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration，hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead．16．A.amazedB．madC．curiousD．frightenedmad---anger同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【2022·新高考I卷】Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenweheadedoff,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequicklyinterruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.The___29___pickedupandthunderrolled.29.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：狂風(fēng)大作，雷聲隆隆。A.wind風(fēng)；B.noise噪音；C.temperature溫度；D.speed速度。根據(jù)上文“stormsmoveinfastinthemountains”可推知，此處指大風(fēng)刮了起來(lái)。故選A。storms--wind同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(2019?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters句意：人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。由“40,000”可知，這是一個(gè)龐大的群體。故選C。people--crowds同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)[典例3]反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段)Our48.rolesinthefactoryweresimple：Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49.Removebunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas50thanitsounds.51.Slowdownabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight，itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'd52.expected．50．A.harderB．betterC．longerD．cheaperharder---simple反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensivevacation,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel___23___.23．A．safeB．busyC．helpfulD．a(chǎn)ffordable句意：這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而昂貴的假期，但這對(duì)夫婦有一種不同尋常的方式讓他們的旅行負(fù)擔(dān)得起。expensive--affordable反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)“I'mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople，”shesaid.“I'mreadyto60．”Andshineshedid.A．shine B．flyC．danceD．score本題可以利用下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)下一句“Andshineshedid.”的提示可知。shine上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa41justafewweeksago...asshewasleavingshewaseagertosaygoodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.A．cleanerB．chemist C．nurse D．doctornurse----nursing同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)在完形填空解題過(guò)程中，我們應(yīng)在第一遍快速閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，標(biāo)出能夠反映作者態(tài)度或感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)的重要參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。技巧二：利用作者的態(tài)度或感情色彩解題[真題典例](2023·全國(guó)乙卷·片段)TobecometheOlympicchampionintheindividual(個(gè)人)all-aroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingshe41.knewbest.Shehadto42.packupherbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay43.goodbyetohertwodogsandtothebeach,whereshelovedto44.ridewavesonherboard.Butitwas45.timetotaketheleap(飛躍),however46itwouldbe.46．A.breathtakingB．heartbreakingC．eye-catchingD．head-spinning[題目試做]46.____________?解題分析本題可利用作者的態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題。根據(jù)上文提到的GabbyDouglas不得不放棄她最熟悉的一切可知，放棄自己所熟悉的一切是令人傷心的。(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)WhenImetTiffy'sowners，theyseemedvery47．George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm，butIcouldtellthiswashardforhim，havingtoleavehisdogtoastrangerandtrustthateverythingwouldworkout．47．A．confusedB．nervousC．a(chǎn)nnoyedD．curious可以利用感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解本題。根據(jù)下文的“George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm...”可知，當(dāng)作者見(jiàn)到Tiffy的主人們的時(shí)候，他們非常緊張。技巧三：利用上下文語(yǔ)境解題上下文語(yǔ)境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語(yǔ)篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句組層次題中，我們通常可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。[真題典例](2021·浙江1月卷·片段)IwassenttotheCoronadoNationalForestformyfirst8-day42.project.Wehadto43everythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.Itmaynotseemlikea44waybutin35℃heatandwithaheavypack，mylegswereonfire.43．A.dropB．makeC．carryD．buy44．A.niceB．safeC．longD．quick[題目試做]43.__________44.____________(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)InAprillastyear，IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytightbudget．Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor42fortheirdog，Tiffy，anddesperatelywantedtotakeherwiththem.42．A．foodB．shelterC.medicineD．transportation利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解本題。根據(jù)上文的“TheyhadtomovetoVirginia...”以及下文的“...wantedtotakeherwiththem.”可知，這家人想要帶上寵物狗一起搬到弗吉尼亞，但是由于預(yù)算非常緊張，負(fù)擔(dān)不起狗的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用。完形填空之語(yǔ)篇層次題語(yǔ)篇層次題是最高的考點(diǎn)層次，也是學(xué)生拉分題，此類試題需要站在整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的角度才能選出正確的答案。技巧一：利用首尾呼應(yīng)關(guān)系解題完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，通過(guò)結(jié)合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答這類題目。敘事類的完形填空文章往往通過(guò)講述一件事來(lái)傳達(dá)中心思想或表達(dá)立意，作者多采用首尾相呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作手法，通過(guò)文章結(jié)尾處來(lái)升華主題。因此，考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)首尾兼顧，結(jié)合文章開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾信息解答題目。[真題典例](2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs....Thenextweekwe47.walkedourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour48.breath，Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)？Ilikedhimtoo，butso49.soon？Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.50.Inthatmoment，Ibegantofallforhim.Ayearlater，muchtomy58.delight，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI59.needhimto.That'sonlyforgiving60tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.60．A.toysB．a(chǎn)wardsC．food D．water(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Manyyearsago，IboughtahouseintheGarfagnana，wherewestillgoeverysummer.Thefirsttimewestayedthere，weheardthechug-chug-chugofamotorbikemakingitswaydownthehilltowardus.ItwasaneighborcalledMario，comingtobringusaboxcontainingsometomatoesandabottleofwine.…WhatMariohad60uswasthetasteoftheGarfagnana.60.A．cooked B．givenC．bought D．told利用首尾呼應(yīng)關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)第一段所給信息可推知，馬里奧給作者一家的是Garfagnana的味道。技巧二：利用文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)解題敘事型完形填空文章在行文結(jié)構(gòu)上往往包括：開(kāi)端→故事發(fā)展→高潮→結(jié)局等不同情節(jié)，考生應(yīng)梳理文章發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，理清行文結(jié)構(gòu)。[真題典例](2021·浙江1月卷·片段)Myjobwasto45.build

astairwayoutofrock.This46.meantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions，althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard，never47.seen．Threedayslater，abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The48ofknowingthatmy49willbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.48．A.satisfactionB．a(chǎn)mbitionC．expectationD．intention49．A.workB．memoryC．recordD．story[題目試做]48.__________49.____