2024中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題 第1講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語 (課件)

（10年45考，近10年連續(xù)考查；選擇填空、完形填空）第1講

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語21第一節(jié)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析考情概覽31考情概覽

第二節(jié)動(dòng)詞短語辨析4動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(10年45考)：①動(dòng)詞的分類

②動(dòng)詞的基本形式

③動(dòng)詞短語(10年11考)

動(dòng)詞的分類1.系動(dòng)詞(2019A.51)(1)Iamtallandstrong.→“狀態(tài)”類：be

(am,is,are)。(2)Wecankeephealthybyexercising.→“持續(xù)”類：keep/stay等。(3)Itrainedsuddenlyandweallgotwet.→“變化”類：turn/become/get等。(4)Theflowerssmellsweet.→感官動(dòng)詞：sound/look/taste/smell(2019A.51)/feel等。2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(10年33考)(1)Ilikehim.→及物動(dòng)詞(需接賓語):accept,answer,buy,finish,give,like,learn,make,watch,write等。動(dòng)詞的分類2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(10年33考)(2)HearrivedinBeijinglastnight.→不及物動(dòng)詞(無需加賓語):arrive,come,go,happen,look,rise,run,sit,smile,wait,walk等。注意：有些不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞，后可跟賓語，如：Weshouldn’tlaughatotherswhoareintrouble.3.助動(dòng)詞(不能單獨(dú)做謂語)(1)Sheiswalking.(2)Shedoesn’tkeepproblemstoherself.(3)Myunclehasbeentomanyinterestingplaces.基本助動(dòng)詞be,do,have,will等。助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義或意義不完整，不可單獨(dú)做謂語，只能和它后面的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，以表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)，還可構(gòu)成否定、疑問等句型。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳見本專題“第4講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”P145動(dòng)詞的基本形式

詳見本專題“第2講

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)”P133動(dòng)詞短語(10年11考)詳見本講“第二節(jié)動(dòng)詞短語辨析”P123動(dòng)詞的分類

考情概覽成都近10年中考每年在完形填空中考查1～4道動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。具體

考查角度如下：完形填空：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析(10年33考)和感官動(dòng)詞詞義辨析(2019A.51)。第一節(jié)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析（10年34考，近10年連續(xù)考查；完形填空）隨堂檢測基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1.（2023成華區(qū)二診）—Excuseme，canyouteachmehowto______

thisnewword？—Noproblem.Lookatmymouthandlistencarefully.A.pronounce

B.produce

C.prepareA2.（2023溫江區(qū)二診）Ourteacherusuallyremindsus_

our

homeworkontime.A.tofinish

B.doing

C.handin3.Chinesepeopleusually

handstoshowtheirwelcomeandkindness.A.shake

B.raise

C.put4.Lifeisfulloftheunexpectedthings.Badluckmay

agoodthing.A.record

B.become

C.growAAB5.Youmay

whatyouaregoodatifyoutrysomenewthings.A.create

B.discover

C.review6.It’sdangerousto

thingsdownfromahighplace，whichmayhurtothers.A.throw

B.cover

C.weigh7.Youcanhardly

howwonderfultheconcertis.Youshouldwatchityourself.A.remember

B.imagine

C.considerBAB8.OurschoolprovidesTaichiclass.Ithelpsto

ourtraditionalculture.A.receive

B.compare

C.spread9.Weshould

thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepastyears.A.value

B.change

C.make10.Markplansto

someofhisoldclothesandtoysatayardsaletogetsomemoneyforatrip.A.buy

B.keep

C.sellCAC11.Thesong

wonderful.Itmakesmethinkofmycolorfulmiddleschoollife.A.sounds

B.smells

C.tastes12.Althoughourparentsaregettingolderastimegoesby，theirloveforusalways

.A.remains

B.moves

C.returns13.Freshfoodisgoodforyou.Butyouhaveto

itfirstbecausesometimesitisalittledirty.A.eat

B.pick

C.washAAC14.Studentswhoreadmorehavemorechancesto

thedirectionoftheirlife.A.bring

B.forget

C.choose15.Inordertogetgoodgrades，LiHua

dancingfortwohourseveryday.A.finishes

B.enjoys

C.practicesCC語篇提能PassageI’vespentyearslivinginBeijing，butIhaven’thadmanytrueoutdoorexperiences.However，aroadtriptoNanshanSkiing（滑雪）

Village1mesomethingunforgettable.AsmyfriendsandIsattogetherintheski-lift（滑雪纜車）chair，IfeltthatIhadtruly2thebusycitylifeofBeijing.()1.A.drove B.brought C.showed()2.A.missed B.believed C.leftBCHungupintheair，Itookinthewideviewofthecountrysideand_3_

thepeacefulquiet.Astheski-lift4，IslowlywentoffthechairbutInearlydidaface-plantintothesnow.However，I5myselftogetherandmademywaytooneofthemanystartingpoints.()3.A.wanted B.expected C.enjoyed()4.A.moved B.reached C.came()5.A.held B.learned C.pulledCBCMyfriendshadalreadystartedmakingtheirwaysdownthehill.AndIwasaboutto6thembutsuddenlyIfeltafraidasIfoundhoweasyitwastopickupspeed.Iendedupfallingdownintothesnowinsteadandoneofmyskis（雪橇）7.Notwantingtogiveup，Iputontheskiagain.After8toslowdownafewtimes，Icametoacceptthesituation.()6.A.join B.stop C.praise()7.A.changed B.dropped C.lost()8.A.failing B.refusing C.forgettingABAAlthoughIstillfeltnervous，Iwasabletoskimuchbetteratlast.Bytheendofthatday，Ihad9whatitmeanttotakerisksandgetoutofmycomfortzone（舒適區(qū)）.By10whatseemsafraid，youcanfindbothcourageandpeacewithin.()9.A.thought

B.realized

C.wondered()10.A.thanking

B.accepting

C.understandingBB

語篇研讀What：主要講述了作者一次戶外滑雪活動(dòng)經(jīng)歷的故事。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生要走出舒適區(qū)，勇于挑戰(zhàn)，不斷提升自我。How：①文體特征：記敘文。②語言特點(diǎn)：使用了一些形容詞如peaceful,afraid，nervous等描述作者的情感變化。

考情概覽成都近10年中考連續(xù)在選擇填空、完形填空中考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。

動(dòng)詞短語每年考查0～3道(以1道為主)。其中在選擇填空中每年考查0～1道；在完形填空中每年考查0～3道。具體考查角度如下：1．同一介詞/副詞型：完形填空(10年6考)；2．同一動(dòng)詞型：選擇填空(2016A.41，2014A.35)，完形填空(10年3考)。第二節(jié)動(dòng)詞短語辨析（10年11考，近10年連續(xù)考查；選擇填空、完形填空）考向1同一介詞/副詞型(10年6考)介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zabout關(guān)于talkabout談?wù)?；討論argueabout爭論careabout關(guān)心；在意hearabout聽說

know/learnabout了解thinkabout思考；考慮worryabout擔(dān)心；煩惱介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zat向；朝著lookat看laughat嘲笑

pointat指向shoutat對……大喊

smileat沖……笑workat從事；研究其他knockat敲callsb.at打電話給某人away離開；遠(yuǎn)離blowaway吹走；驅(qū)散flyaway飛走giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)；泄露

throwaway扔掉；拋棄takeaway帶走；拿走stay/keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zaway去別處goaway走開moveaway搬走

putaway將……收起；攢錢

back回原處comeback回來；恢復(fù)goback回去giveback歸還回應(yīng)talkback回嘴；頂嘴

call(sb.)back(給某人)回電話回想；回憶bringback帶回；使想起

lookbackat回首(往事)；回憶；回顧介詞/副詞詞義常考短語down

往下；

向下cutdown砍倒；削減falldown突然倒下；倒塌；摔倒liedown躺下(數(shù)量、力量、活動(dòng)等)減少，減弱；降低breakdown損壞；分解；拋錨；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；出故障diedown逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失letdown使失望slowdown減速turndown調(diào)低；關(guān)??；拒絕(寫)在之上takedown拆卸；記錄writedown寫下；記錄下介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zfrom(表示分離或去除)runawayfrom逃離

separatefrom把……分開(表示來源)來自；從……來comefrom來自

hearfrom收到……的來信for(2018A.60，2015A.56)(表示對象、用途等)給；對askfor

請求(2015A.56)

lookfor尋找carefor關(guān)心

payfor支付

preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備

searchfor尋找

standfor代表

waitfor

等待(2018A.60)介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zfor(2018A.60，2015A.56)往，向leavefor動(dòng)身前往某地off不工作；休息breakoff中止；弄斷putoff拖延

shutoff關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)除去cutoff切除；剪掉；切斷(水源、電源等)

payoff償清(欠款等)；成功介詞/副詞詞義常考短語off釋放；放出giveoff發(fā)出；放出(光、熱等)

gooff(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲；離開

showoff炫耀

離開(某處)getoff下車

keepoff不接近

setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身

takeoff起飛；脫下；摘掉；離開on(2018A.53)表示“持續(xù)性”carryon繼續(xù)

goon繼續(xù)；發(fā)生holdon等一等(別掛電話)；堅(jiān)持

keepon繼續(xù)(前行)workon從事于……；繼續(xù)工作；對……起作用介詞/副詞詞義常考短語on(2018A.53)登上(車輛)geton上車；進(jìn)展穿著；戴著tryon試穿其他callon號(hào)召；拜訪

comeon快點(diǎn)兒；加油；來吧decideon就……作出決定

dependon取決于；依靠；依賴live/feedon以……為食/靠……為生playatrickon開……的玩笑(2018A.53)介詞/副詞詞義常考短語out(從……)出來pointout指出

giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)goout外出(娛樂)

hangout閑逛；常去某處lookoutof由……往外看

moveout搬出；開始行動(dòng)setout出發(fā)；開始

takeout拿出；取出除掉；清除clearout清理；丟掉

cutout刪除；刪去

leaveout忽略；不提及；不包括

沒有；缺少dieout滅絕；消失runout用完；耗盡介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zout揭示了的；向外界公開的actout表演

bringout使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出

findout查明；弄清

turnout結(jié)果是；證明是workout算出；解決；設(shè)計(jì)出；作出；制訂其他blowout吹滅

breakout(戰(zhàn)爭；火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)carryout執(zhí)行；開展；貫徹

helpout幫助分擔(dān)工作、解決難題介詞/副詞詞義常考短語out其他layout擺開；布置

lookout小心；當(dāng)心sellout售完；賣光

tryout試驗(yàn)；選拔

to(2017A.54)作為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志usedtodo過去常常(2017A.54)wanttodo想要做plantodo計(jì)劃做up向上；起來standup站立

lookup查(字典等)；抬頭climbup爬上

cheerup(使)振作起來；(使)高興起來介詞/副詞詞義常考短語up向上；起來getup起床；起來

growup成長；長大pickup搭載；撿起；獲得；收拾；接電話

turnup出現(xiàn)把……完成或破壞掉cutup切碎；剁碎完全；徹底eatup吃光；吃完useup用完；耗盡介詞/副詞詞義常考短語up其他dressup打扮；喬裝打扮

wakeup睡醒；醒來；喚醒cleanup打掃(或清除)干

endup最終成為；最后處于fixup修理；裝飾

hurryup趕快；急忙(做某事)giveup放棄

makeup編造；組成；構(gòu)成；化妝setup建立；設(shè)立；開辦

stayup不睡覺；熬夜showup出現(xiàn)；露面

takeup占據(jù)；占去；從事介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zwith(2018A.52，2014A.52)和；同；跟talkwith與……談?wù)?/p>

communicatewith與……交流comparewith與……比較

connectwith與……相連gowith與……一起走(2018A.52)catchupwith趕上；超過getalongwith與……相處(2014A.52)keepupwith跟上介詞/副詞詞義?？级陶Zwith(2018A.52，2014A.52)用；以begin/startwith以……開始

endupwith以……結(jié)束其他comeupwith想出；提出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)

dealwith解決；處理over再一次；重復(fù)地lookover仔細(xì)檢查thinkover仔細(xì)考慮懸在……上面；向……上方,hangover懸掛介詞/副詞詞義常考短語over從……落下fallover絆倒越過getover克服；恢復(fù)其他takeover接管turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)考向2同一動(dòng)詞型(10年5考)動(dòng)詞?？级陶Zcutcutback削減cutin插嘴；超車；插入cutinto切入；刺入；打斷come(2017A.46)comeacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)comein進(jìn)來；到達(dá)comeover順便來訪

comeout出現(xiàn)；顯露；公開；開花(2017A.46)cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)comeupwith提出動(dòng)詞?？级陶Zfall(2022A.46)fallasleep進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)(2022A.46)fallinlovewith喜歡上……；和……相愛gogoaway走開；離開goalong沿著走gothrough經(jīng)歷；度過；通讀goby(時(shí)間)流逝；過去goover仔細(xì)檢查；溫習(xí)

gooutofone’sway特地；格外努力動(dòng)詞?？级陶Zget(2021A.55)getcloseto接近(2021A.55)getdressed穿上衣服getin進(jìn)入getinthewayof擋……的路getlost迷路getmarried結(jié)婚getover克服getreadyfor為……做準(zhǔn)備getusedto習(xí)慣于getto到達(dá)givegivein投降give...alift捎……一程動(dòng)詞?？级陶Zlooklookafter照料；照顧lookaround四處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)；參觀

lookfor尋找；尋求lookforwardto盼望；期待

lookinto調(diào)查looklike看起來像lookthrough快速查看；瀏覽taketakeaction采取行動(dòng)takeafter(外貌或行為)像

takecareof照顧；處理takeplace發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

takepridein為……感到自豪takeone’splace代替；替換動(dòng)詞常考短語turn(2014A.35)turnback(使)返回；(使)折回

turnright/left向右/左轉(zhuǎn)turnon接通(電流、煤氣、水等)(2014A.35)

turnoff關(guān)掉put(2016A.41)putdown放下

puton增加(體重)；發(fā)胖；穿上；上演(2016A.41)putup搭起；舉起；張貼putback拖延；推遲隨堂檢測基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1.（2023成華區(qū)二診）Agreatdealofmytimeis

withpracticingplayingtheguitar.A.takenup

B.madeup

C.putup2.（2023新都區(qū)一診）Weneedto

becauseteamworkisveryimportant.A.runout

B.gooff

C.pulltogetherAC3.Wewinthefirstprizeinthesportsmeeting，andthehonor__everyone.A.getsto

B.belongsto

C.addsto4.Beanhonestperson，andyou’llfinditeasierto

others.A.getoutof

B.getalongwith

C.getreadyfor5.Weall

China’sfastdevelopmentaswehavethelongesthigh-speedrailwayintheworld.A.takeawayfrom

B.takecareof

C.takeprideinBBC6.Theplanewas

becauseoftheheavysnow.Inthatcase，wehadtochangeourplan.A.cutoff

B.takenoff

C.putoff7.Wewenttothelakeforapicnicyesterday.Everyone

theirrubbishfinally.A.gaveaway

B.tookaway

C.blewaway8.Tomakehermothernot

her，Lisatellshermotherthatshecanlookafterherselfwellatschool.A.hearabout

B.knowabout

C.worryaboutCBC9.Forchildren，theyshouldlearnto

somethingdangeroustoprotectthemselves.A.keepawayfrom

B.keepupwith

C.keepinmind10.Trytostayatanopenplaceduringtheearthquakebecausesomebuildingsmaysuddenly

.A.falldown

B.pulldown

C.breakdownAA11.Don’tbeupsetwhenyoufail！Youshould

andtryitone

moretime.A.cheerup

B.wakeup

C.callup12.Mrs.SmithhaslivedinChinafortwentyyears，soshehas_____Chinesefood.A.comeupwith

B.got