DL∕T 5409.3-2010 核電廠工程勘測技術(shù)規(guī)程 第3部分：水文氣象 英文

ElectricPowerIndustryStandardofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

PDL/T5409.3-2010

TechnicalCodeforEngineering

InvestigationofNuclearPowerPlants

Part3:Hydrologicaland

MeteorologicalSurvey

核電廠工程勘測技術(shù)規(guī)程

第3部分：水文氣象

(英文版)

issueDate:May24,2010ImplementationDate:October1,2010

IssuedbytheNationalEnergyAdministration

ICS27.140P59

RecordNo.J1041—2010

ElectricPowerIndustryStandardofthePeople'sRepublicoiChma

PDL/T5409.3—2010

TechnicalCodeforEngineering

InvestigationofNuclearPowerPlants

Part3:Hydrologicaland

MeteorologicalSurvey

IssueDate:May24,2010ImplementationDate:October1,2010IssuedbytheNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

ElectricPowerIndustryStandardofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

P

DL/T5409.3-2010

TechnicalCodeforEngineering

InvestigationofNuclearPowerPlants

Part3:Hydrologicaland

MeteorologicalSurvey

Translationsponsoredby:ChinaElectricPowerPlanning&

EngineeringAssociationTranslatedby:SUNTHERConsultingCo.,Ltd.

Reviewedby:EastChinaElectricPowerDesignInstitute,andGuangdongProvincialElectricPowerDesignandResearchInstitute

CHINAELECTRICPOWERPRESSBEIJING,2013

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DL/T5409.3—2010

Foreword

TheDL/T5409TechnicalCodeforEngineeringInvestigationofNuclearPowerPlantsconsistsoffourparts:

Part1:SeismicHazard

Part2:GeotechnicalEngineering

Part3:HydrologicalandMeteorologicalSurveyPart4:Surveying

ThisisPart3ofDL/T5409.

ThiscodeispreparedasrequiredbytheNoticeonPrintingand

DistributingIndustrialStandardsProjectPlanoftheYear2005

(FGBGY(2005)739)issuedbytheGeneralOfficeoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission.

ThiscodeisproposedbyChinaElectricityCouncil.

ThiscodeisunderthejurisdictionoftheTechnicalCommitteeonElectricPowerPlanningandEngineeringofStandardizationAdministrationofPowerIndustry.

ThechiefdraftingorganizationofthisPart:EastChinaElectricPowerDesignInstituteandGuangdongProvincialElectricPowerDesignandResearchInstitute.

Theparticipantsinvolvedinpreparation:ChinaPowerEngineeringConsultingGroupCorporation,NortheastElectricPowerDesignInstitute,andShandongElectricPowerDesignInstitute.

ThechiefdraftingstaffofthisPart:YaoPeng,ZhouBing,ZhuJingxing,OuZichun,LuXiaodong,LiangShuilin,WangLeming,LiShun,ZhaoJiamin,MaWanli,DaiYouxin,andHuChangquan.

Anycommentsandsuggestionsmadeduringtheimplementation

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DL/T5409.3—2010

ofthiscodearekindlyrequestedtobereferredtotheStandardizationCenterofChinaElectricityCouncilatNo.1,Lane2,BaiguangRoad,XuanwuDistrict,Beijing,China.

ThiscodeistranslatedbySUNTHERTranslation&SolutionsundertheauthorityofChinaElectricPowerPlanning&EngineeringAssociation.

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DL/T5409.3—2010

Contents

Foreword V

1Scope 1

2NormativeReferences 2

3TermsandDefinitions 4

4BasicRequirements 7

5HydrometeorologicalSurvey 9

5.1GeneralRequirements 9

5.2SurveyonStormSurge,TsunamiandWaveOccurringatSeashores

andTidalEstuaries 10

5.3LandFloodSurvey 11

5.4LowWaterSurvey 12

5.5WaterResourcesInvestigation 15

5.6InvestigationsontheStabilityofSedimentandBank 18

5.7IceRegimeInvestigation 19

5.8ExtremeWeatherPhenomenonInvestigation 21

6DesignBasisFlood 23

6.1GeneralRequirements 23

6.2HighAstronomicalTides 23

6.3SeaLevelAnomaly 24

6.4StormSurgeSet-up 25

6.5SeicheSet-up 27

6.6TsunamiorLakeSurgeSet-up 28

6.7RunoffFlood 29

6.8Dam-breakFlood 30

6.9EffectsofWaves 31

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6.10FloodsCausedbyPotentialNaturalFactors 33

6.11EffectsofHumanActivitiesonFloods 34

6.12FloodCausedbySmallWatershedRainstorm 34

6.13WaterLogging 36

6.14AnalysisonCombinationofFloodEvents 37

6.15FloodSafetyAnalysis 39

7DesignBasisLowWaterLevel 41

7.1GeneralRequirements 41

7.2LowAstronomicalTideLevel 41

7.3StormSurgeSet-down 42

7.4SeicheSet-down 42

7.5TsunamiorLakeSurgeSet-down 42

7.6EffectsofWaves 43

7.7EffectsofRiver,ReservoirandLake 43

7.8LowWaterCausedbyPotentialNaturalFactors 44

7.9CombinationofLowWaterEvents 45

7.10AnalysisonWaterIntakeSafetyforNuclearPowerPlants 46

8WaterSource 47

8.1GeneralRequirements 47

8.2NaturalRivers 48

8.3ReservoirsandSluices 48

8.4DownstreamRiversofReservoirsandSluices 51

8.5RiversinChannelizedAreas 52

8.6Lake 54

8.7Sea 55

8.8Salinity 55

8.9WaterTemperature 56

8.10EffectsofHumanActivitiesonWaterSources 56

9StabilityofSedimentandBank 59

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9.1GeneralRequirements 59

9.2SedimentCharacteristics 60

9.3Analysis,CalculationandSimulationofFlowandSediment

Movement 61

9.4EvolutionofRiverbedintheDesignBankSection 62

9.5EvolutionofSeaBedintheDesignBankSectionatPlantSite 65

9.6EffectsofHumanActivitiesonBankStability 68

10DesignBasisMeteorologicalParametersandPhenomena 70

10.1GeneralRequirements 70

10.2DesignBasisWind 71

10.3DesignBasisPrecipitation 72

10.4DesignBasisSnowAccumulaton 73

10.5DesignBasisTemperature 74

10.6DesignBasisMeteorologicalConditionsofFinalHeatSinksand

RelatedSystems 75

10.7DesignBasisTornado 76

10.8DesignBasisSquallLineWind 80

10.9DesignBasisTropicalCyclone 80

10.10DesignBasisExtratropicalCyclone 82

10.11OtherDesignBasisMeteorologicalPhenomenaand

MeteorologicalParameters 83

11HydrometeorologicalObservationandSpecialStations 85

11.1GeneralRequirements 85

11.2HydrometricTest 86

11.3MarineHydrometricStation 86

11.4LandHydrometricStation 87

11.5MeteorologicalStation 88

12WorkContentsandDepthduringEachStageof

HydrometeorologicalSurveyforNuclearPowerPlants 89

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DL/T5409.3—2010

12.1GeneralRequirements 89

12.2SiteInvestigationandSurveyStage 89

12.3PreliminaryFeasibilityStudyStage 93

12.4FeasibilityStudyStage 103

12.5PreliminaryDesignStage 120

12.6DetailedDesignandConstructionStage 132

12.7OperationStage 133

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1Scope

ThisPartofDL/T5409specifiesthebasictechnicalrequirementsanddesignbasisforhydrologicalandmeteorologicalsurveyfornuclearpowerplants.

ThisPartappliestothesurveyengineeringofnuclearpowerplants.

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2NormativeReferences

Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constitutetheprovisionsofthisPart.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto(excludingcorrigendum),orrevisionof,anyofthesepublicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisPartareencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentapplies.

GB/T12763.2SpecificationsforOceanographicSurvey,Part2:MarineHydrographicObservation

GB/T12763.3SpecificationsforOceanographicSurvey,Part3:MarineMeteorologicalObservations

GB/T14914TheSpecificationforOffshoreObservationsGB/T50138StandardforStageObservation

GB50159CodeforMeasurementsofSuspendedSedimentinOpenChannels

GB50179CodeforLiquidFlowMeasurementinOpenChannelsHAD101/11DesignBasisTropicalCycloneforNuclear

PowerPlants

HAD102/09FinalHeatSinkandDirectlyAssociatedHeatTransportSystemsforNuclearPowerPlants

DL/T5084TechnicalCodeofHydrologyforElectricalPowerProjects

DL/T5158TechnicalCodeofMeteorologicalSurveyingforElectricalPowerProjects

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SL44RegulationforCalculatingDesignFloodofWaterResourcesandHydropowerProjects

SL58TechnicalStandardforGeneralGeodesicSurveyinHydrology

SL257CodeforWaterwaySurvey

QX/T45SpecificationsforSurfaceMeteorologicalObservationPart1:General

QX/T61SpecificationsforSurfaceMeteorologicalObservationPart17:MeasurementsatAutomaticMeteorologicalStations

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3TermsandDefinitions

Thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsareapplicabletothiscode.3.0.1

Deterministicmethod

Amethodbywhichmostparametersandtheirvaluescanbedeterminedmathematicallyandexplainedbymeansofphysicalcorrelations.

3.0.2

Probabilisticmethod

Amethodbywhichextremevaluesofhydrometeorologicalparametersarecalculatedusingfrequencyanalysisbasedonhistoricaldata.

3.0.3

Designbasis

Valuesofdesignparametersdeterminedforimportantnuclearsafety-relateditemstomeettheirdesigncriteria.

3.0.4

Region

Ageographicalarealargeenoughtoincludeallthefeaturesrelatedtoaphenomenonorinvolvedundertheeffectofaspecialcondition.

3.0.5

Finalheatsink

Amediumwhichcanalwaystaketheresidualheatfromnuclearpowerplantswhenallothermeanshavefailedorcannotremovealltheheat.

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3.0.6

Importantsafety-relateditem

Structures,systems,orcomponents,thefailureorbreakdownofwhichmayexposethesitepersonnelorpublictoradiation.

3.0.7

Hydrometeorologicalregime

Thesituationandtrendhowhydrometeorologicalelementschangeintimeandspace.

3.0.8

Stormsurge

Theabnormalandaperiodicriseandfalloflocalseasurfacecausedbythestrongwindandsuddenchangeofatmosphericpressureaccompanyingextremeweathersystemssuchastropicalandextratropicalcycloneswhenpassingby.

3.0.9

Tsunami

Long-cycleseismicoceanwavescausedbypulsedisturbancessuchassharpdisplacementofseabedcausedbyearthquakeinseasoroceans,volcaniceruption,orlandslidesbeneaththeocean.

3.0.10

Seiche

Theoscillationofenclosedorsemi-enclosedwaterbodycausedfordisturbanceofatmosphere,oceanorearthquake

3.0.11

Hydrometrictest

Theoperationscarriedouttomeasurehydrometricelements.3.0.12

Specialmeteorologicalandhydrometricstation

Thehydrometeorologicalobservationstationsetupforacquiring

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hydrometeorologicalelementvaluesatthesiteforconstructionpurposes.Itsobservationitemsandservicelifearedeterminedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthestation.

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4BasicRequirements

4.0.1Thehydrologicalandmeteorologicalsurveyfornuclearpowerplantsmustfollowthenation'ssafety-firstpolicyoncivilnuclearfacilitiesandlawsandregulationsrelatedtonuclearpowerconstruction.Thiscodeisdevelopedtounifythetechnicalstandardsforhydrometricsurveyofnuclearpowerplants,objectivelyevaluatethehydrometriccharacteristicsofplantsites,andfinalizethehydrometeorologydesignbasisfornuclearpowerprojects.

4.0.2Thehydrometeorologicalsurveyforanuclearpowerplantshallbecarriedoutinstages,preferablyinvolvingsitesurvey,pre-feasibilitystudy,feasibilitystudy,preliminarydesign,detaileddesign,construction,andoperation.

4.0.3Thewholeprocessofahydrometeorologicalsurveyshallbecarriedoutundertheeffectiveoperationoftheestablishedqualityassurancesystemandstrictqualitymonitoring.

4.0.4Thehydrometeorologicalsurvey,analysisandcalculationshallbecarriedoutbasedonfactswithsafetyandqualitybeingtheprimaryconsiderations.Anin-depthinvestigationandstudyoftheregionalhydrometricregimeshallbeconducted,withfocusplacedontheanalysisofregionalhydrometriclaws.

4.0.5Theregionalhydrometeorologicalobservationand

investigationdatashallbeusedastheprimarysourceforanalysisandcalculationofhydrometeorologyforpurposeofthenuclearpowerplant.Inaddition,hydrometrictestandspecialhydrometeorologicalstationcanalsobeusedbasedonthesitefeaturestoobtainsite-specificrepresentativedata.Thehydrometricdatausedshallbe

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analyzedforreliability,consistency,andrepresentativeness.

4.0.6Forthecalculationresultsorconclusionsreachedthroughanalysis,thebasicdata,keystepsandvariousparametersusedinthecalculationoranalysisshallbecomprehensivelyexaminedinreferencetothelocalconditionsandhydrometeorologicalregimefeaturestojustifythattheresultsandconclusionsaresafeandreasonable.

4.0.7Inandaftertheconstructionofanuclearpowerplant,closeattentionshallbemaintainedtothelocalhydrometeorologicalregime.Intheeventthatanabnormalhydrometeorologicaleventoccurs,afieldinvestigationshallbemadeintimetocollectbasicdataascertainthecauses,andanalyzetheextenttowhichtheoriginalresultsandconclusionsareaffectedinrespectofsafety.Ifnecessary,thehydrometeorologicaldesignparametersandconclusionsshallbemodifiedandcounter-measuresshallbeproposed.

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5HydrometeorologicalSurvey

5.1GeneralRequirements

5.1.1Sitehydrometeorologicalsurveyisabasicmeansforhydrometeorologicalsurveyofnuclearpowerplantsandshallbecarriedoutnomatterwhethermeasuredhydrometeorologicaldataisavailableforthesiteornot.

5.1.2Theobjectives,requirements,scopeandcontentofsurveyshallbedeterminedbeforehand.Alistofdatatobecollectedshallbedeveloped.

5.1.3Reconnaissancesurveys,interviews,necessarytestsanddatacollectionfromrelevantorganizationsshallbeconductedtoquantitativelyandqualitativelyidentifythecharacteristicsofhistoricalandrecentvariationsofhydrometeorologicalelementsandwater-relatedplans

5.1.4Themajorsurveycontentincludesinvestigationsonflood,sourceoffreshwater,industrial,agriculturalandanimalhusbandrywater,scourandsiltingofriverbanks,seashore,riverbedandseabed,debrisflow,stormsurge,seiche,wave,tsunami,tornado,tropicalcyclone,extratropicalcyclone,icecondition,gale,rainstorm,snow,

hydraulicfacilitiesandothercontentsthatmayaffecttheproject.

5.1.5Reconnaissancesurveyresultsshallberecorded,andphotographs,soundrecordingsandvideosshouldalsobetaken.Verbalinformationshallbeprovidedwithsupportingevidences.Thevariationtraceofhydrometeorologicalelementsanddisasterssurveyedshallbeidentifiedonsitebymorethantwopeople.Flood

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marksshallbeobvious,stable,reliable,realandtypical,andmeasuredproperly.Surveyinformationshallbesortedout,analyzed,andverifiedonsite,andcorrectedinthecaseofanyproblem.Areportoraninstructionshallbepreparedafterasurvey

5.2SurveyonStormSurge,TsunamiandWave

OccurringatSeashoresandTidalEstuaries

5.2.1Thesurveyonstormsurgesandtsunamisshallcoverwindvelocity,winddirection,Waterlevel,earthquake,wave,rainfall,

occurrencetime,processanddestructionstobuildingsandstructures.

5.2.2Forthesurveyonstormsurgesandtsunamis,historicalrecordsandimpactanalysisreportonlocalextraordinarystormsurgeortsunamishallbecollected.

5.2.3Duringthereconnaissancesurveyprocess,thewatermarksresultingfromstormsurgesortsunamisshallbeidentifiedwithsupportingevidencesprovided,andthepossibilitythattheyarehigherthantheactuallevelduetowavesshallbeanalyzed.

5.2.4Therecurrenceintervalofstormsurgesortsunamisshallbeanalyzedanddeterminedbycross-referencingthehistoricalrecordsandsurveyresults.

5.2.5Forthewavesurvey,windregimeandwavedatainthevicinityoftheplantsiteshallbecollected,andinformationonthehistoricalmaximumwavesuchastheheight,direction,occurrencetime,cause,duration,windregimeandconsequentialdamagesshallbeinvestigated.

5.2.6Thewavesurveyshallbeconductedinseashoreareasfacinganopenseafreeofislands,submergedrocks,andsandbars.Thewindregimeshallbesurveyedaswellinordertodeterminetherecurrenceintervalofwavesandwindsandthetypeofwaves.

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5.3LandFloodSurvey

5.3.1Inlandfloodsurvey,physicalgeographyconditionsofdrainageareas,characteristicsofdrainageareasandwatercourses,characteristicsandcausesofrainstormsandfloods,currentstatusandimprovementplansofwatercourses,andoperationdataofhydraulicstructuresshallbecollectedforthecalculationofdesignflood.

5.3.2Forhistoricalfloods,thefocusofsurveyshallbelaidontheoccurrencetimeandrecurrenceinterval,floodmarksandfloodofeachextraordinaryflood,andriverbedroughness.Theinformationonrainfall,wateranddisasterwhenthefloodoccurredshallbeinvestigated.Thesource,cause,mainflowdirectionanddriftageofthefloodsshallbeidentified,andtheexistenceofoverlandflow,distributary,crevasse,stagnantwateraswellassignificantchangesinthenaturalenvironmentofdrainageareasandwatercoursesshallbedetermined.

5.3.3Thehistoricalfloodsurveymaybeconductedupstreamordownstreamofthesiteorifnecessary,inthemainandbranchwaterwaysorinanevenlargerarea.

5.3.4Theriverreachtobesurveyedshallhavesufficientfloodmarks,straightwatercourse,stableriverbedandbeundergoodcontrol,withoutmajortributary,backwater,distributaryorbanked-upwater,andwithsimilarcompositionofriverbedmaterialandbankvegetation.

5.3.5Theoccurrencetimeoffloodsshallbeanalyzedanddeterminedaccordingtoimportanthistoricaleventsandimpressiveeventstolocalresidentsinconjunctionwithcollectedhistoricalrecords,suchaschorographies.

5.3.6Atleastthreereliableorrelativelyreliableandtypicalflood

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marksshallbeidentifiedalongoneriverbankforonefloodsurvey,sothattheaccuracyofthefloodmarkscanbevalidatedbycomparingthelineformedbythemwiththewatersurfaceprofileofhighwaterinthereachandtheriverbottomline.

5.3.7Forfloodsurveyinplainareas,thehistoricalwaterlogging,breacheddikes,floodstorage,detentionanddiversion,thedistributionofrivernetworksanddikedareas,therelationofdikedareasandriverbranchestothemainwatercoursesandthedirectionofwaterflowshallallbeidentified.

5.3.8Themeasurementinfloodsurveyshallcoververticalsections,crosssectionsandfloodmarkelevations,andifnecessary,asimpletopographicsurveyshallbeperformedonwatercourses.

5.3.9Theclosingerrorofround-triplevelingforthefloodsurveyshallnotexceed±20√Kmmforplainareasand±6√nmmformountainousregions(whereKisthecalculatedaveragelengthofthemeasuredsegmentinkilometerandnisthenumberofmeasurement

pointsofannexedorcircularlevelinglines).

5.4LowWaterSurvey

5.4.1Duringthelowwatersurveyprocess,thetopographicmapofdrainageareasandriverreachestobesurveyed,thecharacteristicsofdroughtoccurringinthedrainageareasandthewaterrechargesources,relevanthistoricaldocuments,relicsandlowwatersurveyreports,andcurrentstatusandplanningofhydraulicprojectsandindustrial,agriculturalanimalhusbandrywaterinthedrainageareasshallbecollected.

5.4.2Forthehistoricallowwatersurvey,thefollowinginformationshallbecollected:theoccurrencetime,causes,durationsandtherecurrenceintervalofseveredroughts;lowwaterlevelmarksandthe

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waterdepth,thedroughtarea,thewaterrechargesources,thedroughtandwaterconditionwhenthedroughtoccurredandthedroughtprocessandcontinuousdrought,theinfluencesofhumanactivities;thecompositionofriverbedmaterialandriversections;thescourandsiltingoftheriverbedandriverbanks.

5.4.3Thehistoricallowwatersurveyshouldbeconductedindryseasons,andthesurveyresultsobtainedinotherperiodsshallbereviewedindryseasons.Atleast40yearsshallbetracedinsurvey

5.4.4Theupstreamanddownstreamextentofhistoricallowwatersurveyshallbedeterminedaccordingtotherequirementsfordetermininglowwaterinformationandestimatinglowwaterflow.Ifnecessary,severedroughtofadjacentriversshallbesurveyedforreference.

5.4.5Thelowwatersurveyshallbeconductedinwellcontrolledriverreacheswithstraightwatercourse,stableflow,slightscourandsiltingandlesseffectofhumanactivitieswherelow-watermarkscaneasilybesurveyed.

5.4.6Thehistoricallow-watermarkscanbesurveyedinthevicinityofpermanentbuildingsorfacilitiesofwaterresource,harborandtransportationauthorities,riverbankswhereresidentscollectwater,andfishingareasoffishermen.Theoccurrencetimeanddurationshallbeanalyzedanddeterminedaccordingtoimportanthistoricaleventsandimpressiveeventstolocalresidentsinconjunctionwithcollectedhistoricalrecords,suchaschorographies.

5.4.7Thehistoricallowwaterlevelshallbeidentifiedonsitebymorethantwopeople,andmorethanthreelow-watermarksshallbesurveyedforonedryseason.Thelow-watermarksareclassifiedintothreetypesbasedontheirreliability:reliable,relativelyreliable,andinformative.Theclassificationcriteriaincludewhetherthe

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occurrenceoflowwateriswitnessed,whetherthedescriptionisexact,whetherthesupportingevidencesaresufficientandsound,andwhetherthelow-watermarksarefixedandgivesufficientdetails.

5.4.8Thewaterrechargesourcesandthedistributionandwaterquantityofriverbedseepageshallbeidentifiedandobservedasnecessary.

5.4.9Theelevationoflow-watermarks,thecurrentwatersurfaceprofile,theriverbottomline,thecrosssection,thewaterlevelandflowindryseasonsshallbemeasured.

5.4.10Thelowwatersurveyinkarstareasshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththeiruniquecharacteristicsinadditiontothecommonrequirements.Inthecaseofhighlydevelopedkarstareasinthedrainagearea,thelowwaterflowshallbemeasuredalongtheriversinthesurveyedscopetounderstandthevariationcharacteristicsofwaterquantity.

5.4.11Thesurveyshallbefocusedonthedistributionofponors,effluentcavesandriverbedseepageandwaterquantity,thecomposition,originanddestinationofsourceforwaterintakeindryseasons.Connectiontestsusingthewaterleveltransfermethodorthetracermethodshallbeperformedifnecessary.Theupstreamanddownstreamextentoflowwatersurveyinkarstareasshallbedeterminedaccordingtothedistributionofundergroundriversandtherequirementsforlowwaterflowestimation,andifnecessary,surveysshallbeconductedinbranchwaterways.

5.4.12Forkarstsprings,thedistributionoftheiroutcrop,waterquantityandvariationprocess,andtheirmainrechargeareasshallbesurveyed.Thewaterflowofspringsmaybemeasuredusingpropermethodsbasedonthewaterquantity.

5.4.13Thewaterflowindryseasonsshouldbeestimatedusing

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morethantwomethodsforcross-referencetoobtainreasonableresults.

5.4.14Whenestimatingthehistoricallowwaterflowbysurveyingthehistoricallowwaterlevel,thefollowingmethodscanbeusedaccordingtothedistributionoflow-watermarksandthehydrauliccharacteristicsofthereach:

1Wherethereismeasuredflowdata,extendingthewaterlevel-dischargerelationcurvetothelowwaterdirection,comparingtheupstreamanddownstreamwaterflowortherecessioncurvemethodcanbeused.

2Wherethereisnomeasuredflowdata,thehydrometricanalogymethodtomeasurethewaterflowandthethenextendingthewaterlevel-dischargerelationcurvetothelowwaterdirectionforinterpolationcanbeused.Thegradientoflowwaterandtheriverbedroughnessshallbeanalyzedanddeterminedaccordingtoobservedinformation.

3Applicablehydraulicformulascanbeusediftherearenaturalorartificialsectionssuchasrapids,bottlenecks,stonebeamsorweirgatesdownstreamofthesurveyedreach.

4Simulationtestdeterminedsthewaterquantity.

5.5WaterResourcesInvestigation

5.5.1Waterresourceinvestigationshouldbeconductedseparatelyforsurfacewaterandgroundwater

5.5.2Surfacewaterinvestigationshallcoverthefollowing:

1Conversionbetweenprecipitation,evaporation,andsurfacerunoff;

2Time-spacedistributionofsurfacewateramount;

3Statisticofpassing-bywateramount;

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4Investigationonwaterintakeandwatersupply;

5Investigationonwaterconsumption;

6Investigationonenvironmentalwaterconsumption;

7Waterquality;

8Effectsofhumanactivitiesonriverrunoff.

5.5.3Investigationsongroundwaterresourcesshallcoverthefollowing:

1Theamount(reserve)ofshallowgroundwater(includingbrackishwater)anddeepgroundwater,anditstime-spacedistribution;

2Chemicaltypesofgroundwaterandqualityevaluation;

3Theexploitation,utilizationanddistributionofgroundwater;

4Eco-environmentalproblemscausedbyexcessiveexploitation