高中英語Unit15LearningSectionⅤReading（Ⅲ）（Lesson4CommunicationWorkshop）講義北師大版必修

SectionⅤReading(Ⅲ)(Lesson4&CommunicationWorkshop)Ⅰ.匹配下列單詞的詞性及漢語意思()1.acquire A．a(chǎn)dj.值得的()2.worthy B．vt.力勸，強(qiáng)烈要求()3.defence C．v.啟發(fā)；鼓舞()4.ignore D．a(chǎn)dj.有用的，有益的()5.assumption E．vt.(使)適應(yīng)()6.urge F．a(chǎn)dj.極其重要的()7.inspire G．vt.忽視，不顧()8.vital H．n.保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)()9.beneficial I．vt.獲得，得到()10.adapt J．n.假定，假設(shè)[答案]1－5IAHGJ6－10BCFDEⅡ.選擇下列句中相應(yīng)詞組的漢語意思eq\x()()1.Conditionsherearenotwhatsheisaccustomedto.()2.Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.()3.Wecan'tapproveofthissortofthing.()4.Hisnovelstendtobeveryboring.()5.Asawhole,oureffortsdidnotprovetobefutile.[答案]1－5DBECA教師獨(dú)具(教師用書獨(dú)具)“Whoquestionsmuch，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561－1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding①.Tostartwith，youneedquestions.Then，tofindanswers，youobservetheworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus，modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However，inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge②，hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.BaconheldanimportantrankunderKingJames(1566－1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucraticdetailsofthegovernment，buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved③.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.Infact，whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse，insteadofbelievinghim，peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2000yearsold！“勤于提問的人學(xué)到更多，并且記憶更多?！薄ヌm西斯·培根(1561－1626)我們?nèi)绾潍@取知識以及如何理解現(xiàn)在似乎很顯而易見。首先，你需要問題。然后為了找到答案你觀察自己周圍的世界，并且研究事實(shí)之后你考慮可能的答案，并且加以測試來找出正確的答案。盡管我們現(xiàn)在更習(xí)慣于在搜索引擎敲進(jìn)幾個關(guān)鍵詞，等待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)吐出答案，現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)家和思想家們?nèi)匀辉谟眠@種分析方法來解決世界的問題對我們來說很幸運(yùn)。然而，在17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)弗蘭西斯·培根提出這種思考方式是獲取知識的方式時，他背離了當(dāng)時的觀念。在英國詹姆士(1566－1625)統(tǒng)治時期，培根是一位身居要職的官員，但是他真正的興趣不是政府每日的繁文縟節(jié)，而是對知識的不斷追求。這當(dāng)然不是他那個時代大多數(shù)詩人的興趣。那時人們更愿意相信宗教，而不是事實(shí)。伽利略(1564－1642)這樣證明了例如地球不是宇宙的中心等科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)的人常常受教會懲罰。教會和許多人經(jīng)常忽略事實(shí)，不愿意去挑戰(zhàn)他們一直堅(jiān)信的一切，他們寧愿以前人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)對世界做出假設(shè)。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)伽利略證實(shí)地球不是宇宙的中心時，人們不相信他的話，卻要相信幾乎是兩千年以前的觀點(diǎn)。[助讀講解]①it作形式主語，真正的主語是how引導(dǎo)的從句。②when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the17thcentury；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。③what引導(dǎo)從句作challenge的賓語。ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)④.HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst，peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue，butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong，theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn'twanttochallengewhatthey'dalwaysthoughtwastrue.Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn'twanttosearchfortheirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright，thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim，hewaswrongattimes⑤.oreourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords⑥，welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay，“Weknowitall”．因?yàn)檫@些觀點(diǎn)是偉大的哲學(xué)家亞里士多德(384－322BC)提出來的，人們愿意相信這些古老的見解這也不足為奇。亞里士多德認(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心，因?yàn)閺母杏X上來講地球是靜止不動的。伽利略不同意這種說法。起初，人們贊同他的研究并鼓勵他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但是當(dāng)他證實(shí)亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)是錯誤的時候，他們就生氣了，把他關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。他們不愿意挑戰(zhàn)他們向來認(rèn)為是正確的東西。從這一點(diǎn)可以看出，人們是多么不愿意追求自己對事物的理解或自己教育自己。在今天，這仍然是事實(shí)。人們認(rèn)為，如果某位重要的和受尊敬的人說某事是正確的，那一定是正確的。但是即使是亞里士多德這樣一位鼓舞了許多后繼的科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的偉大人物，有時也會犯錯誤。伽利略也犯過錯誤。雖然他當(dāng)時以天文學(xué)之父而聞名，但是他認(rèn)為地球以一個精確的圓圈圍繞太陽而轉(zhuǎn)動。這是不正確的。因此，我們對周圍世界的理解是不斷的發(fā)展和變化的。換句話說，我們每天都在學(xué)習(xí)更多的東西，誰也不能悠閑地說：“我們都知道?！盵助讀講解]④It是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語；本句中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。⑤eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞agreatman。⑥inotherwords換句話說。Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon'tknowitallandprobablyneverwill，forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions⑦.SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei，whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor⑧；morevitaltoaman，andmorebeneficialtomankind，somemightsay，thanallthemoneyintheworld.“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”—GalileoGalilei(1564－1642) 我們要感謝歷史上偉人的才智，它讓我們懂得，我們不是什么都懂，也許我們永遠(yuǎn)有不懂的地方，因?yàn)槟菍⒁馕吨澜缟蠜]有問題了。我們今天對世界擁有這么多的知識和理解，是因?yàn)橛信喔唾だ赃@樣的人，為了發(fā)現(xiàn)建造今天文明的知識王國，他們勇敢地從傳統(tǒng)思想的陰影中走出。他們懂得獲得知識和理解是要奮斗的。有人說，對個人或人類來說，它比世界上所有的金錢都重要，都有益?！八械恼胬硪坏┍话l(fā)現(xiàn)都很容易理解：問題是要去發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?！薄だ?1564－1642)[助讀講解]⑦for是并列連詞，表示原因。⑧fightfor為……而戰(zhàn)第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P42－43教材課文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Peoplethankedthegreatmanwhostudyinascientificway.2．Para.2 B．Thewriter'ssuggestionsofunderstandingthings.3．Paras.3－4 C．Peoplebelievedinreligioninancienttime.4．Para.5 D．Peoplebelievedinwhatsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaid.[答案]1－4BCDA第二步細(xì)讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P42－43教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．Whatisthefirststeptoacquireknowledgeandunderstanding?A．Tofindanswers.B．Tostudythefacts.C．Totestanswers.D．Toputforwardquestions.2．Whosolve/solvedproblemsbythinkingandanalyzingaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplenowadays.B．Peopleinthe17thcentury.C．Modernscientistsandthinkers.D．ThegreatphilosopherAristotle.3．Peopleinthe17thcenturydidn'tbelieveGalileoGalileibecause.A．theybelievedmoreinreligionB．theEarthwasstandingstillC．BaconputforwardtheviewthattheEarthmustbethecenteroftheuniverseD．Galileicouldn'tprovehisviewthattheEarthwasnotthecenteroftheuniverse4．What'stheaimofthewriterwhenAristotleandGalileiarereferredtointhefourthparagraph?A．Aristotlewaswrong.B．It'sunbelievableforgreatmentobewrong.C．Galileiwaswrong.D．Everyonecanbewrongattimes.5．What'sthemainideaofthesentence“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem”？A．Alltruthsareeasytodiscover.B．It'smostimportanttodiscovertruths.C．It'smoreimportanttounderstandtruthsthantodiscoverthem.D．Ifwewanttodiscovertruths，weshouldfirstunderstandthem.[答案]1－5DCADB第三步研讀——能力升華接軌高考根據(jù)P42－43教材課文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式“Who1.questions(question)much，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”saidFrancisBacon.Now2.itseemsobvioushowweacquireknowledgeand