Lesson4教材銜接事物事理類說明文與新事物類說明文科普介紹與新興事物2024初升高英語（2020牛津譯林專用）

Lesson4教材銜接+Lesson4教材銜接+事物事理類說明文與新事物類說明文——科普介紹與新興事物Step1：知識積累之聽力填詞訓(xùn)練Duringthehourlonglunchtime,Iateintheschooldininghall.Therewerelotsofoptionsincludingbreadandbutter,chickenpieandpuddings,butIstillmissedmymum’scooking!Afterlunch,Ioftenplayedontheschool’shugesportsfieldwithDanielandhisfriends.Sometimeswejustrelaxedunderatreeorsatonthegrass.Afterschool,thereweremanyclubstojoin.TheonethatattractedmemostwastheRugbyClub.Weplayedonceaweek,anditwasgreatfun.Also,IenjoyedactingintheTheatreClub.IstillhavephotosofmyselfactinginWilliamShakespeare’sAMidsummerNight’sDream.JoiningclubswasagreatwaytomeetBritishstudentsandmakefriendswiththem.Iamgladtohavetheopportunitytoexperiencethisdifferentwayoflife.ImetsomegreatpeopleandlearntalotaboutschoollifeintheUK.Danielandhisfamilywerefantastichosts,andhisfriendswereveryniceaswell.Ican’twaitforDanieltovisitChina!詞匯及短語歸納總結(jié)optionn.可選擇的事物，選擇;選修課buttern.黃油puddingn.甜點;布丁attractvt.吸引，使喜愛;招引;引起(反應(yīng))rugbyn.橄欖球運動calligraphyn.書法，書法藝術(shù)opportunityn.時機(jī)，機(jī)會experiencen.經(jīng)歷，往事；經(jīng)驗，閱歷；傳統(tǒng)v.經(jīng)歷，遭遇；體會到，感受到fantasticadj.極好的，非常棒的；極大的，極高的；不切實際的，異想天開的；奇異的，怪誕的sportsfield運動場：一個平坦的土地區(qū)域，用于舉辦體育賽事。SectionA—初高銜接小題練Step2：閱讀技能事物事理類說明文與新事物類說明文——科普介紹與新興事物SectionA—初高銜接小題練PassageAInthedemonstration(示范)videoofthedevices.twodancersareperformingwiththeroboticarmsontheirbacks.Thehumansandmachinesmovetogetherintheperformance.Thedancersetogetherandmoveinsimilarwayseitherleadingorfollowingtherobotarms.Inamisaidsomewearersgrowattached(依戀的)tothearmsaftersometime.“Takingthemoffafterusingthemforawhilefeelsalittlesad.That'swherethey'realittledifferenttoothertools."hesaid.1.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thetwodancersmoveindifferentways.B.Someusersformattachmenttothearms.C.Gettingusedtothearmsneedsalongtime.D.Thewearersthinkthearmsaresimilartoothertools.參考答案：1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“somewearersgrowattachedtothearmsaftersometime”可知，有些佩戴者在使用一段時間后會對機(jī)械臂產(chǎn)生依戀。PassageBAnnaHoggoftheUniversityofLeedsinBritainwasoneoftheresearchers.Whenspeakingaboutthedroppingice,shesaid,"It'sgoingtotaketensofyearsforthedroppingicetorecover(恢復(fù)).There'snomethodtoreplaceit."Shetoldagroupofreporters,“Itwillcertainlytakealongtime,evenifit'spossible.”2.WhatdoesAnnaHoggtrytotellusinParagraph3?A.Itispossibletoreplaceseaice.B.Itisdifficultforseaicetorecover.C.Itisimpossibleforseaicetorecover.D.Itisimportanttoreplaceseaice.參考答案：2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It'sgoingtotaketensofyearsforthedroppingicetorecover.There'snomethodtoreplaceit."可知，這些海冰需要數(shù)十年才能恢復(fù)，沒有辦法取代這些海冰。由此可知，海冰很難恢復(fù)。PassageCThesystemiscalledATLAS.ItcansearchthewholeskyseveraltimeseachnightlookingforNearEarthObjects(NEOs,近地天體）.WhentheyenterEarth'satmosphere(大氣層），mostoftheNEOswillburnupbeforereachingtheplanet'ssurface.ButscientistsareworriedaboutlargerNEOsupto50metersinsize.Suchobjectscouldbringharmfulresultstoareastheyhit.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutNEOs?A.MostofthemarenotriskytoEarth.B.Mostofthemareharmfultoourplanet.C.Mostofthemareover50metersinsize.D.Mostofthemcan'tbeseenbytelescopes.參考答案：3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“WhentheyenterEarth'satmosphere,mostoftheNEOswillburnupbeforereachingtheplanet'ssurface.”可知，當(dāng)近地天體進(jìn)入地球大氣層時，大多數(shù)近地天體在到達(dá)地球表面之前都會燃燒殆盡。所以大多數(shù)近地天體對地球沒有危險。SectionSectionB—題型及知識講解1：何為事物事理類說明文說明文分為事物說明文和事理說明文兩大類。但是，有時在一篇說明文中，介紹事物與闡釋事理往往是交錯使用的。事物事理類說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式來解說事物、闡明事理而給人知識的文章體裁。它通過揭示概念來說明事物特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性。說明文一般介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、類別、關(guān)系、功能，解釋事物的原理、成因、特點、演變等。2：概念（1）事物說明文的說明對象是具體事物。通過對具體事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、特點、用途等作客觀而準(zhǔn)確的說明，使讀者了解、認(rèn)識這個或這類事物。（2）事理說明文的說明對象是某個抽象事理。事物說明文是對事物進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹的文體形式,而事理說明文是對道理進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹的文體形式.區(qū)別是前者針對事物,后者針對道理。3：說明方法★分類法（byclassification）★比較法（byparison）★舉例法（byexample）★程序法（byprocess）★因果法（bycauseandeffect）★定義法（bydefinition）★時序法（byfollowingtheorderoftime）★重要性法（byimportance,）★分析原因法（byanalyzingcause）★引入數(shù)據(jù)或研究（byusingdataormentioningsomestudies）★描述法（bydescription）4：解題重點關(guān)注正確選項與說明對象密切相關(guān)沒有明顯轉(zhuǎn)折;看段首段尾有轉(zhuǎn)折;遞進(jìn);實際上:有因果;看轉(zhuǎn)折遞進(jìn)因果之后內(nèi)容5：何為新事物類說明文——對于新興事物的科普介紹；涵蓋新觀點；新科技；新技術(shù)6：兩點基本認(rèn)識1、新事物一定具有舊事物不可比擬的優(yōu)越性。也許新事物暫時并不完美，但是它一定有更好的發(fā)展?jié)摿?，也會在未來對我們的生活帶來積極的改變。2、新事物一定會和舊事物長期共存。任何新舊交替都不能在短期內(nèi)一蹴而就，而是需要漫長的人們了解、認(rèn)知、熟悉、接受的過程。所以斷言新事物一定取代舊事物是不合理的，即便新事物比舊事物優(yōu)越很多。7：明顯標(biāo)志詞在文章看到這些時候，你要有基本的意識，這篇文章可能是新事物類說明文。用于體現(xiàn)“新”的：new、uptodate、inthenearfuture…用于體現(xiàn)“發(fā)明革新”的：invention、innovation…用于體現(xiàn)“夢想成真”的：dreamestrue、dreamturnsintoreality…用于體現(xiàn)“舊”與“新”進(jìn)行對比的：old、traditional、conventional…8：新事物類說明文最重要的內(nèi)容1、新事物是什么？2、相較于舊事物，新事物有什么作用和優(yōu)越性？3、新事物目前有什么局限性需要日后不斷改進(jìn)？9：主旨題一篇文章通常是圍繞一個中心思想展開的。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的主題，特別是新聞報道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，這一段往往表達(dá)了文章的中心思想;在文章的段落中，則通常由開頭的一句作為主題句(topicsentence)來概括該段的中心思想。主題句一般具有三個特點:1．表述的意思比較概括，相對主題句來看，這種概括性更為明顯。2．句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多數(shù)都不采用長、難句的形式。3．段落中其他的句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想。10：尋找主題句的6個微技能(1)Now(如今)New（新的）…暗示本文即將要講的事很有可能與以往不同。(2)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞。段落中出現(xiàn)but,however,actually,while,

infact,

on

thecontrary,

incontrast等時，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正要表達(dá)的觀點。(3)表總結(jié)的詞。如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,inconclusion等詞后內(nèi)容也可能是主題。(4)多次重復(fù)的詞。如果一篇文章中多次出現(xiàn)某個詞，該詞往往是體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(5)若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(6)說明實驗結(jié)論或調(diào)查結(jié)果的句子。如theirstudiesshowthat…，the

experiment

showsthat…，scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或there

is

evidence

suggestingthat…中that從句的內(nèi)容通常就是主旨。也可能是主題。SectionSectionC—高中同步訓(xùn)練PassageAWhileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.1：Whatismostprobablythewriter’spurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Toreleasehisorherwrongpressure.B.Tohelpsolvetheuniversalproblemofstress.C.Toreducehisorheranxiety.D.Tohavemorepeoplecryout.參考答案：由文章第一段“Whileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.(雖然生活中不可能完全沒有壓力，但當(dāng)壓力無法避免時，我們可以預(yù)防壓力并減少其影響。美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部提供了以下應(yīng)對壓力的建議。)”可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了幫助解決普遍存在的壓力問題。故選B。PassageBFortravelexpertandauthorLaCarmina,slowtravelallowspeopletostopandsmelltherosesquitedirectly.“It’saboutbeingfullypresentinthemomentandexperiencingthesights,soundsandsensations(感覺)aroundyoupletely“l(fā)ettingtheexperiencedevelopatitsownspeedandwithoutexpectations,”shesaid.“Tome,slowtraveldoesn’thaveastrictdefinitionorcertainthingstodo,butratherfocusesonthefeelingofbeingavisitortoaplace.”Slowtravelisbeingmoreandmorepopularnow,becauseitcandogoodtousinmanyways.2.WhatdoesLaCarminathinkofslowtravel?A.Itcanlettravelersexperiencetheplacedeeply.B.Itcanmaketravelerssavealotofmoney.C.Itcanallowtravelerstoexploremoreplaces.D.Itcansavetravelersmuchmoretime.參考答案：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“FortravelexpertandauthorLaCarmina,slowtravelallowspeopletostopandsmellthetrosesquitedirectly.“It’saboutbeingfullypresentinthemomentandexperiencingthesights,soundsandsensations(感覺)aroundyoupletely“l(fā)ettingtheexperiencedevelopatitsownspeedandwithoutexpectations,”shesaid.(對于旅游專家兼作家LaCarmina來說，慢速旅行可以讓人們停下來，直接聞一聞玫瑰的芬芳。她說：“這是關(guān)于完全活在當(dāng)下，完全體驗?zāi)阒車木跋?、聲音和感覺，讓體驗按照自己的速度發(fā)展，不帶任何期望?！?”可知，LaCarmina認(rèn)為慢旅行可以讓人們能夠完全體驗?zāi)阒車木跋?、聲音和感覺，也就是深入體驗一個地方。故選A。PassageCNobusinesswouldwelebeingparedtogambling(賭博).Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshaveplainedthattheirchildrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.Today,however,evenmoredoctorsareusingtheterm.OnJanuary1thisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).3.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A.Itisnotsuitabletoparevideogamestogambling.B.Parentsplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling.C.Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.D.Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addicted”.參考答案：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“OnJanuarylthisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).”（今年1月1日，“游戲障礙”得到了世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)的認(rèn)可。“游戲障礙”指的是盡管會造成傷害，但仍無法控制地玩游戲。）可知，從第一段我們知道游戲成癮被正式認(rèn)定為一種疾病。故選C項。PassageDPlasticislowcostandlonglasting.Itisnoteasilydegraded(降解)becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan’tdealwithitschemicalponents(成分).Ittakesinotheroceanpresentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerousponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor,whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.ThedesignanddevelopmentofnewplasticproductswasspedupafterWorldWarII.Lifewithoutplasticseemedimpossibleinthemodernage.Buteventhoughplasticwasquiteconvenient,thedarksideofitwasseenaspeoplebegantoenjoythethrowawaymunity.Manyplasticproducts,suchasplasticbags,havealifetimeofafewminutestohours.However,they’llstayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears.Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.Just9%ofplastichasbeenrecycledand12%burntafterproductionroseinthe1950s,whichleavesabout79%ofthe8.3billiontonsproducedsittinginlandfills(垃圾填埋場)ordamagingourfields,oceans,andwaterways.Andeachyeartheplasticendsupascontaminants.Sotobeatplasticpollution,weneedtoworktogether.Whileplasticburningreducestheamountofwastedumpedintooceansandlands,harmfulgasesarestillproduced,whichalsoleadstogreenhousegases.However,ifwemakeafirmdecisionandusemodernwastemanagementmethods,wewillbeabletocreateasafeandhealthyworld.Itishightimethatweasresponsibleglobalcitizens,tookonthedutyofprotectingourenvironmentandmadegreateffortinsavingourmotherearth,insteadofjustleavingeverythingtoourgovernment.So,ladiesandgentlemen,let’smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.28.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Theharmofplastic. B.Theconvenienceofplastic.C.Theprotectionofplastic. D.Theuseofplastic.29.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’sfeelinginParagraph2?A.Happy. B.Worried. C.Excited. D.Relaxed.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contaminants”inParagraph3mean?A.Thingsthatcausepollution. B.Thingsthatproduceplastic.C.Thingsthatcostmoney. D.Thingsthathelppeople.31.Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A.Ashortstory. B.Aspeech. C.Anewspaper. D.Anotice.參考答案：本文是一篇演講稿，屬于應(yīng)用文體，主要講述了塑料對環(huán)境的危害，并倡議大家擔(dān)起責(zé)任處理塑料廢物、保護(hù)地球。1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itisnoteasilydegraded(降解)becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan’tdealwithitschemicalponents(成分).Ittakesinotheroceanpresentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerousponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor,whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.(因為自然降解過程不能處理其化學(xué)成分，所以它不易降解。它吸收其他海洋中存在的有害物質(zhì)。這些化學(xué)成分和危險成分隨著色劑等添加劑逐漸進(jìn)入大氣中，而當(dāng)塑料分解時，著色劑就變得非常有害。)”可知，塑料的化學(xué)成分不能在自然中降解，它吸收有害物質(zhì)，塑料中的化學(xué)成分和危險成分會進(jìn)入大氣，污染大氣環(huán)境。由此可推測出，第一段主要講述了塑料的害處。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.(我們正在摧毀養(yǎng)育我們的世界。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們使用塑料是在摧毀我們賴以生存的世界，由此可推測出，作者對這種現(xiàn)狀感到擔(dān)憂。故選B。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后一句“Sotobeatplasticpollution,weneedtoworktogether.(所以，為了防止塑料污染，我們需要共同努力。)”可知，塑料會產(chǎn)生污染，由此可推測出，畫線詞所在句表達(dá)的是每年塑料最終都會成為污染物。contaminants意為“污染物”，與A項意思最接近。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“So,ladiesandgentlemen,let’smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.(所以，女士們，先生們，讓我們承諾會成功地處理塑料廢物，保護(hù)我們的世界免受一切可能的風(fēng)險。)”可知，文章在最后一段呼吁大家要承諾處理塑料廢物，保護(hù)環(huán)境，并以“l(fā)adiesandgentlemen”引起大家的注意，由此可推測出，這是一篇面對觀眾發(fā)表的演講。故選B。SectionSectionD—高考真題鏈接PassageATerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight,bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle–namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahasecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition. B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars. D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.2.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcausestrafficjams. B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive. D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.3.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShow B.TheTransition’sFirstFlightC.Pilots’DreamingTrue D.FlyingCarClosertoReality參考答案：本文是一篇科普說明文。Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行，使飛行汽車成為現(xiàn)實更進(jìn)一步。1.A考查段落大意。第一段的第二句"Thevehicle...likeacar"介紹了飛行汽車Transition的構(gòu)造，第一段的后半部分介紹它的空中飛行速度、陸地行駛速度和油耗情況，這些都是飛行汽車的基本數(shù)據(jù)。故選A項。2.C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000"可知，該飛行汽車是非常貴的，所以不太可能大量出現(xiàn)在車道上。故選C項。3.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly"可推知，政府對該項目是支持的。故選B項。4.D考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight,bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear"可知，Terrafugia公司的飛行汽車成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行，從而使飛行汽車更加接近現(xiàn)實。所以選D項。主旨大意題的解答要注意文章的首段和尾段，同時要結(jié)合文章中大部分內(nèi)容所講述的觀點。文章中只提及Transition會出現(xiàn)在NewYorkAutoShow，但這不是文章主要內(nèi)容,故排除A項;B項只是飛行汽車的第一次飛行，過于片面；C項中的"Pilots’Dream"未在文中提及。PassageBGettinglesssleephasbeeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(調(diào)查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7to12yearoldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest;mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschoolagechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10to12yearoldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV."MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(機(jī)會)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,"saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.1.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.

B.Teenagers’sleeprelateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.

D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.2.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11yearoldsneedeveryday?A.7hours.

B.8hours.

C.10hours.

D.18hours.3.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.參考答案：本文屬于說明，首先用數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們美國孩子的睡眠狀況堪憂，接著告訴我們孩子在不同年齡段需要的睡眠時間不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介紹了一些學(xué)校為了讓孩子們有更多的睡眠時間而推遲了上課的時間。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中第一段列舉了一些數(shù)據(jù)，向我們說明美國有51%的10到18歲的孩子上床睡覺的時間偏晚，也調(diào)查了60%的7到12歲的孩子在白天感到疲憊，15%的孩子會在學(xué)校睡著，所以這些調(diào)查都是關(guān)于美國孩子的睡眠習(xí)慣的，故選A。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段＂Formostschoolagechildren,tenhoursisideal＂可知11歲正在上學(xué)的小孩子的理想睡眠時間是10個小時，故選C。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段＂Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep＂可知她認(rèn)為孩子們睡覺晚的原因是他們會在睡前做一些讓他們興奮的活動，故選B。SectionA—?？悸犃τ?xùn)練Step3：課后作業(yè)之SectionA—模考聽力訓(xùn)練第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Wherearethespeakers?A．Athome. B．Inaclassroom. C．Inahospital.【答案】CM:Howareyoufeelingthesedays?W:Muchbetter,thanks.ThedoctorsaidIwouldbehomeinthreedays.2．Whatdidthemanbuy?A．Amagazine. B．Adictionary. C．Astorybook.【答案】BM:IwasgoingtobuyamagazinebutIchangedmymind.W:Sowhatdidyouchoose?Astorybook?M:Igotadictionary.3．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Theman'sweekendplans.B．Theman'sschoollife.C．Theman'sfriends.【答案】AW:Whatareyougoingtodoattheweekend?M:I’mgoingtohavemusiclessons,andI’malsogoingtoseeafilmwithmyfriends.W:Soundsgood.4．WhatisJohn?A．Astudent. B．Ateacher. C．Aworker.【答案】BW:Jack,youknowwe’regoingtoorganizeapartyforJohn’sretirement.M:Howtimeflies.John’sbeenherefortwentyyears.Allthestudentslikehisclass.Theysayhecanmakeaboringsubjectinteresting.5．Whenwillthefootballmatchtakeplace?A．OnTuesday. B．OnFriday. C．OnSunday.【答案】BW:Areyoustillplayingthefootballmatchthisweek?M:Yes,butwe’vechangedthedaybecauseofthebadweather.Soit’sonFriday,insteadofTuesday.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Bookingatable.B．Callingherfriend.C．Applyingforarestaurantjob.7．Whenwillthewomanefordinner?A．At6:00. B．At7:00. C．At8:00.【答案】6．A7．BM:Hello,thisisPeaceRestaurant.MayIhelpyou?W:Yes.I’dlikeatableat6:00thisevening.M:Justaminute.I’msorry,madam.Thereisn’tanytableleftfor6:00,butwecangiveyouaprivatediningroomat7:00.W:Thatsoundsgood.M:Forhowmanypeople?W:Fivecouples.M:Allright.MayIhaveyourname,madam?W:Shelly.M:Allright.We’vereservedaprivatediningroomforyouat7:00pm.Thanksforcalling.W:Thankyouverymuch.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whichcitydidthemanefrom?A．Chicago. B．Boston. C．NewYork.9．Whatisthemanlookingfor?A．Acoat. B．Aletter. C．Apassport.10．Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A．Sad B．Dissatisfied. C．Excited.【答案】8．C9．A10．CM:Excuseme...W:Yes,sir?WhatcanIdoforyou?M:IthinkIleftmycoatonthetrainwhenIgotoffatChicagoStationthismorning.W:Whichtraindidyoutake?M:IcamefromNewYorkinNYChicago352.W:Ah,canyoupleasedescribeyourcoat,sir?M:Well,it’sathickcoatwithtwopockets.W:Whatcoloristhecoat,sir?M:Darkgray.W:Thenthisisn’tyourcoat.Thisoneisblack.Oh,letmehavealook.Isthereanythinginthepockets?M:Yes,thereissomemoney,aletterandmypassport.W:Youarelucky,sir.Thisisyourcoat.M:Thankyouverymuch.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthewomangoodat?A．Skiing. B．Singing. C．Swimming.12．Whatdoesthewomanlikedoinginsummerholidays?A．Playingtheguitar.B．Goingtothemountains.C．Swimmingmthesea.13．Whatisthewoman'sfavoritesubject?A．Maths. B．Geography. C．History.【答案】11．A12．C13．BM:Linda,I’mdoingasurveyonstudent’slife.CanIaskyousomequestions?W:Ofcourse.M:Whatdoyoulikedoinginyourfreetime?W:IspendalotoftimeplayingtheguitarandIenjoysinging.M:Whatdoyouliketodowhenyou’reonwinterholiday?W:Iusuallygotothemountains.Ilikeskiingverymuch,andIfirstlearneditwhenIwasfouryearsold.SoI’mquitegoodatit.M:Whataboutsummerholidays?W:I’mnotthatinterestedingoingtothemountainsinsummer.Ipreferswimminginthesea,whichmakesmecoolandfortable.M:Whatisyourfavoritesubjectatschool?W:Well,mathsisOKbutit’snotmyfavorite.GeographyiswhatIenjoymost,andhistoryisthesecond.Iwanttobeageographyteacheroneday.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Salespersonandcustomer. B．Homeownerandcleaner.C．Husbandandwife.15．Whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer?A．Onewithtwobedrooms. B．Onewithoutfurniture.C．Onenearamarket.16．Howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheonebedroomapartment?A．$350. B．$400. C．$415.17．Whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee?A．OnLakeStreet. B．OnMarket. C．OnSouthStreet.【答案】14．C15．A16．B17．CW:Anythinginterestinginthepapertoday,dear?M:Well,yeah.Thereareafewherethatmightinterestus.Hereisoneforjustfourhundreddollars.Itonlyhasonebedroom,butitsoundsnice,nearLakeStreet.W:Yeah,letmeseewhatthecheapesttwobedroomapartmentis.Oh,hereisoneonMarketStreet.It’sarealbargain.Only350dollars.Butitdoesn’thaveanyfurniture.M:Well,itcostsalottobuyallthefurniture.W:Oh,hereisanotheroneforjustoverfourhundreddollars.Thissoundsveryinteresting.It’sonSouthStreet.That’sanicearea!M:Yes,it’squiet.Didyousaytwobedrooms?W:Yes,at415dollars.M:Whydon’twegoandhavealook?W:OK,I’llgivethemacall.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whatisprobablyblockingtheentryway?A．Acar. B．Abus. C．Ataxi.19．Howlongcanacarbeparkedatmostinthewestside?A．10minutes. B．15minutes. C．30minutes.20．WhatwillthespeakerdowiththeFordTaurusintenminutes?A．Haveitremoved. B．Givetheowneraticket. C．Calltheowner’spany.【答案】18．A19．C20．AM:Yourattentionplease.ThereisaRedFordTaurusparkedblockingthebuilding’sentrywayonthesouthside.Willtheownerofthiscarpleasemoveitimmediately?Thisareaismeantforbusesandtaxisonly.Youmaymoveyourcartoeitherparkinglotontheeastsideorwestsideofthebuilding.Theoneontheeastsideoffersafreeparkingserviceforthosewithparkingcardsontheweekends.Theparkingserviceisavailableonthewestside,onconditionthatyouparktherewithinhalfanhour.TodayisSaturday,soIsuggestyougototheeastparkinglot.Again,thisisaRedFordTaurus.Thelicenseplatenumberis15FTU.Ifitisstillblockingtheentrancetenminutesfromnow,Iamafraidwewillhavenochoicebuttocalltheservicepanyandhaveitremoved.Soplease,willtheownerofthisRedFordTaurusmoveyourcarimmediately?SectionSectionB—課后閱讀訓(xùn)練PassageAExercisehelpstokeepusingoodhealth.DoctorsattheAmericanHeartAssociationsuggestgettingatleast150minutesofproperphysicalactivityeveryweek.Manypeopleexerciseforafewminuteseverydayoreveryotherday.So,getting150minuteseveryweekiseasy.Butwhataboutthosetimeswhenyouaresick?Ifyoudonotfeelwell,shouldyoukeepfollowingyourexercisehabit?Healthexpertsanswertheseandotherquestions.EdwardR.LaskowskiisadoctorattheMayoClinic.Heandotherexpertshaveageneralruleofyesaboutexercisingwhenyouaresick.Itisusuallyfinetoexercise,heexplains,ifyoursymptoms（癥狀）areall“abovetheneck".Thesesignsmayincludearunnynose,ablockednose,sneezingoraminorsorethroat.GeralynCoopersmithisaphysicalfitnesstrainerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonexerciseandnutrition.BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggesttakingabreakfromexercisingifsignsofyourillnessappear"belowtheneck".Payspecialattentiontosymptomssuchaschestcongestion,extremecoughorpaininthestomach.Thereareothersymptomsthatcantellyoutoavoidexercise.Theyinclude:ahigherthannormalbodytemperature,asenseoffeelingextremelytired,andwidespreadmusclepain.BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggestlisteningtoyourbody.Ifyoufeelreallybad,takeabreakandletyourbodyrest.Ifyoudon'tfeeltoobad,theseexpertsbothsuggestreducingtheamountofexercise.Forexample,ifyouusuallyrun,takeaquickwalkinstead.1.Howlongshouldpeopledoexercisetokeephealthy?A.About150minutesperday. B.Around100minutesperday.C.Atleast150minutesperweek. D.Nomorethan100minutesperweek.2.WhenwillEdwardR.Laskowskisaynotoexercise?A.Whenyourleftlegisbroken. B.Whenyouhavearunnynoses.C.Whenyouhaveablockednose. D.Whenyouhaveaminorsorethroat.3.Whatisthemeaningof"listeningtoyourbody”inParagraph6?A.Becarefulwithyourcars. B.Learntotakeadviceofothers.C.Payattentiontobodysignals. D.Listentomusictokeephealthy.4.Whatwillthewriterbelikelytoagreewith?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Nothingseek,nothingfind.C.Putyourheartintoexercise. D.Actaccordingtoyourabilities.參考答案：這是一篇說明文。鍛煉有助于