人教版2019選擇性Unit1外刊精讀和閱讀理解

ToLeadaMeaningfulLife,BeeYourOwnHero過(guò)有意義的人生，做自己的英雄From

Gilgamesh

to

StarWars,thenarrative

blueprint

underpinning

manyheroictalescanofferapowerful

wayto

reframe

experiences

Gilgamesh吉爾伽美什：著名古代文學(xué)《吉爾伽美什史詩(shī)》的主角，《吉爾伽美什史詩(shī)》是目前已知世界最古老的英雄史詩(shī)。在美索不達(dá)米亞神話中，吉爾伽美什是擁有超人力量的半神（三分之二是神，三分之一是人，即擁有神的智慧及力量，但沒(méi)有神的壽命），建造城墻保護(hù)人民免受外來(lái)攻擊。StarWars《星球大戰(zhàn)》：美國(guó)導(dǎo)演喬治·盧卡斯所制作拍攝的一系列科幻電影。電影講述的是浩瀚的宇宙中，銀河系共和國(guó)在絕地武士的守衛(wèi)下，和平安定。然而在宇宙的深處，由原力黑暗面統(tǒng)治的西斯帝國(guó)悄然崛起，秘密謀取銀河系的霸權(quán)。blueprint/?blu?pr?nt/n.aplanfor

achievingsomething

計(jì)劃，設(shè)想，藍(lán)圖

a

blueprintforhealthcarereform

醫(yī)療保健改革藍(lán)圖underpin/??nd??p?n/v.togivestrength

orsupporttosomethingandtohelpitsucceed

鞏固，支持

thetheoriesthatunderpinhisteaching

method

支持他的教學(xué)方法的理論reframe/ri??fre?Thehumanbrainseemshardwiredtomakesenseoftheworldthroughstories.Overmillenniaofevolution,Homosapienshasspentcountlesshourssittingaroundfiresandtellingtalesofchallengeandtriumph.Ourinterestinstorytellingexplainswhywereadmagazinearticlesthatopenwithananecdoteandwhywenaturallyframeourlivesinstoryform.Theselifetalesstitchtogetherdifferenteventsintoanoverarchingnarrativewiththestorytellerastheprotagonist.Theyhelppeopledefinethemselvesandmakeexistencemorecoherent.hardwired/?hɑ?d?wa??d/adj.ifanattitude,wayofbehavingetcishardwired,itisanaturalpartofaperson’scharacterthattheyarebornwithandcannotchange〔態(tài)度、行為方式等〕天生的，不可改變的Thedesiretomunicateseemstobehardwiredintoourbrains.我們的大腦似乎生來(lái)就有與人溝通的欲望。make(some)senseoftounderstandsomething,especiallysomethingdifficultorplicated理解[弄懂]某事物〔尤指困難或復(fù)雜的事物〕Canyoumakeanysenseofthisarticle?你能看懂這篇文章嗎？millennium/m??leni?m/(pluralmillennia/ni?/)n.aperiodof1,000years一千年，千年期peoplewhohaveinhabitedthislandformillennia在這片土地上已經(jīng)居住了數(shù)千年的人們Homosapiensthetypeofhumanbeingthatexistsnow智人〔現(xiàn)代人的學(xué)名〕triumph/?tra??mf/n.animportantvictoryorsuccessafteradifficultstruggle〔尤指苦戰(zhàn)后獲得的〕勝利，成功，成就thetriumphoverhardship戰(zhàn)勝困難anecdote/??n?kd??t/n.ashortstorybasedonyourpersonalexperience〔基于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的〕軼事，趣聞ThebookisfullofamusinganecdotesabouthislifeinJapan.這本書(shū)里全是他在日本生活的趣聞?shì)W事。frame/fre?m/v.tocarefullyplanthewayyouaregoingtoaskaquestion,makeastatementetc〔小心措辭以〕表達(dá)Shewonderedhowshewasgoingtoframethequestion.她不知道如何提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。stitchsthtogethertoputdifferentthingsorpartsofsomethingtogethertomakeonelargerthing拼湊起，組織起Intenyears,theyhavebeenabletostitchtogetheranationalnetworkofbanks.十年內(nèi)，他們已搭建起一個(gè)全國(guó)性的銀行網(wǎng)絡(luò)。overarching/???v?r?ɑ?t???/adj.includingorinfluencingeverypartofsomething包羅萬(wàn)象的；支配一切的Thecrisisgaveanoverarchingjustificationtothegovernment’spolicy.這場(chǎng)危機(jī)為政府的政策找到了能解釋一切的正當(dāng)理由。protagonist/pr??t?ɡ?n?st/n.themostimportantcharacterinaplay,film,orstory〔戲劇、電影或故事的〕主要人物，主角existence/?ɡ?z?st?ns/n.thetypeoflifethatsomeonehas,especiallywhenitisbadorunhappy〔尤指不幸的〕生活，生活方式PabloledamiserableexistencewhenhefirstmovedtoSanJuan.巴勃羅剛搬到圣胡安時(shí)，生活很悲慘。m/v.tochangetheway

somethingisexpressedorconsidered

重新思考，重新表述Ofcourse,somestoriesarebetterthanothers—some

evokeawe

andexcitement,whereasothersmakepeople

yawn.Wewonderedwhetherthehero’sjourneyprovidesa

template

fortellingamorepelling

versionofone'sownhistory.Afterall,thehero'sjourneyliesattheheartofthemostculturallysignificantstoriesaroundtheworld.evoke/??v??k/v.toproduceastrong

feelingormemoryinsomeone

引起，喚起〔某人強(qiáng)烈的感情或回憶〕

Hisappearanceisboundto

evokesympathy.

他的外表肯定會(huì)引起人們的同情。awe/??/n.afeelingofgreatrespectand

likingforsomeoneorsomething

崇敬，贊嘆

He

feltgreataweforthelandscape.

景色令他贊嘆不已。yawn

/j??n/v.toopenyourmouthwide

andbreatheindeeplybecauseyouaretiredor

bored

打呵欠

Alanstretchedandyawned.

艾倫伸伸懶腰，打了個(gè)呵欠。template/?temple?t/n.somethingthatis

usedasamodelforanotherthing

樣板，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Her

childhoodbecameatemplateforhowshebrought

upherownchildren.

她的童年生活成了她撫育自己孩子的樣板。pelling/k?m?pel??/adj.very

interestingorexciting,sothatyouhavetopay

attention

極為有趣的；令人激動(dòng)的；引人入勝的Hislifemakesapellingstory.

他的一生是個(gè)引人入勝的故事。<詞根：pel>Toexploretheconnectionbetweenpeople’slifestoriesandthehero’sjourney,wefirsthadtosimplify

the

storytellingarc

fromCampbell'soriginalformulation,which

features

17steps.We

abridged

and

condensedthe17stepsintosevenelementsthatcanbefoundinbothlegendsandeverydaylife:alead

protagonist,ashiftofcircumstances,a

quest,allies,achallenge,apersonaltransformationandaresulting

legacy.storytellingarc

敘事?。鹤髡呒s瑟夫·坎貝爾認(rèn)為英雄的成長(zhǎng)實(shí)際上都遵循著同樣的模式，經(jīng)歷三個(gè)階段，包括啟程、啟蒙和回歸?？藏悹柊堰@個(gè)三階段（17

步）的模式稱(chēng)為英雄之旅。feature/?fi?t??(r)/v.toincludeorshow

somethingasaspecialorimportantpartof

something,ortobeincludedasanimportantpart

以…為特色，是…的特征；是…的重要組成

The

exhibitionfeaturespaintingsbyPicasso.

這次展覽重點(diǎn)展出畢加索的畫(huà)作。abridge/??br?d?/v.tomakeabook,play,etc.shorterbyleavingpartsout

刪節(jié)，節(jié)略（書(shū)籍、劇本等）quest/kwest/n.alongsearchforsth,especiallyforsomequalitysuchashappiness

探索，尋找，追求（幸福等）Hesetoffinquestof

adventure.

他出行探險(xiǎn)去了。legacy/?leɡ?si/n.thelonglasting

impactofparticularevents,actions,etc.thattook

placeinthepast,orofaperson'slife

某人所留下的影響或傳統(tǒng)Withourcondensedversionofthehero’sjourney,welookedattheconnectionbetweenhowpeopletold

theirlifestoriesandtheirfeelingsofmeaninginlife.Acrossfourseparatestudies,wecollectedlifestories

frommorethan1,200people,includingonlineparticipantsandagroupofmiddleagedadultsinChicago.Wealsoused

questionnaires

tomeasuretheparticipants'senseofmeaninginlife,amountoflife

satisfactionandlevelofdepression.

questionnaire/?kwest???ne?(r)/n.a

writtensetofquestionswhichyougivetoalarge

numberofpeopleinordertocollectinformation〔用以收集資料的〕問(wèn)卷，調(diào)查表

Allstaffwere

askedtofillinaquestionnaireabouttheirjobs.

所有員工都被要求填寫(xiě)一張有關(guān)他們工作情況的調(diào)查表。借助簡(jiǎn)化版的英雄之旅模型，我們研究了人們對(duì)生活故事的敘述與對(duì)生活意義的感受之間的聯(lián)系。在四項(xiàng)獨(dú)立研究中，我們收集了

1200

多人的生活故事，其中包括在線參與者和芝加哥的一群中年人。同時(shí)，我們使用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查評(píng)估了參與者的生活意義感、生活滿(mǎn)意度和抑郁程度。Wethenexaminedtheirstoriesforthesevenelementsofthehero'sjourney.Wefoundthatpeoplewho

hadmoreoftheelementsintheirlifestoriesreportedmoremeaninginlife,more

flourishing

andless

depression.These“heroic”people(menandwomenwereequallylikelytoseetheirlifeasahero's

journey)reportedaclearer

senseofself

thanotherparticipantsdid,aswellasmorenewadventures,stronggoals,goodfriends,andsoon.

flourish/?fl?r??/v.todevelopwellandbe

successful

繁榮，興旺，成功

Theeconomyis

boomingandsmallbusinessesareflourishing.

經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，小企業(yè)蒸蒸日上。→flourishingadj.sb’ssenseofself

someone’sideathat

theyareaseparateperson,differentfromother

people

某人的自我意識(shí)

achild’sdeveloping

senseofself

兒童逐漸形成的自我意識(shí)Wealsofoundthatnarratives

inlinewith

thehero'sjourneyprovidedmorebenefitsthanotherkinds,includingabasic“redemptive”arc,inwhichaperson'slifestorygoesfromdefeattotriumph.（劃線句）Ofcourse,redemptionisoftenapartofthe“transformation”aspectofthehero’sjourney,butpared

withpeoplewhoselifestorycontainedonlytheredemptivenarrative,thosewithafullhero’sjourney

reportedmoremeaninginlife.

inlinewith

similartosthorsothatone

thingiscloselyconnectedwithanother

與…相似（或緊密相連）redemptive/r??dempt?v/adj.thatsaves

youfromthepowerofevil

救贖的；拯救的

the

redemptivepoweroflove

愛(ài)情的救贖力量

<詞根：redemption>劃線句原文為

Wealsofound【主句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面為發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容】thatnarrativesin

linewiththehero'sjourneyprovidedmore

benefitsthanotherkinds,【從句主句，符和英雄之旅模式的敘述相比其他類(lèi)型的敘述有更多好處】includingabasic“redemptive”arc,【舉例說(shuō)明其他類(lèi)型的敘述】inwhichaperson'slifestorygoes

fromdefeattotriumph【具體解釋救贖弧線是指一個(gè)人的人生故事從失敗走向成功】.Wethenwonderedwhethermakingone'sstorymore“heroic”wouldincreasefeelingsofmeaningfulness.Wedevelopeda“restorying”

intervention

inwhichwepromptedpeopletoretelltheirstoryasahero's

journey.Participantsidentifiedeachofthesevenelementsintheirlife,andthenweencouragedthemto

weave

thesepiecestogetherintoacoherentervention/??nt??ven?(?)n/n.theact

ofbeinginvolvedinanargument,fight,or

otherdifficultsituationinordertochangewhat

happens

干涉，干預(yù)，介入

government

interventiontoregulateprices

政府介入以控制物價(jià)weave/wi?v/v.toputmanydifferent

ideas,subjects,storiesetctogetherandconnect

themsmoothly

編造，編纂

Sheweavesa

plicatedplotofromanceandintrigue.

她編織了一套愛(ài)情與陰謀交織的復(fù)雜情節(jié)。Insixstudieswithmorethan1,700participants,weconfirmedthatthisrestoryinginterventionworked:ithelpedpeopleseetheirlifeasahero'sjourney,whichinturnmadethatlifefeelmoremeaningful.Interventionrecipientsalsoreportedgreaterwellbeingandbecamemoreresilientinthefaceofpersonalchallenges;theseparticipantssawobstaclesmorepositivelyanddealtwiththemmorecreatively.inturnasaresultofsomething因此，所以Interestrateswerecutand,inturn,sharepricesrose.利率下調(diào)，股價(jià)就相應(yīng)地上漲了。recipient/r??s?pi?nt/n.someonewhoreceivessomething接受者，領(lǐng)受者therecipientoftheNobelPeacePrize諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主resilient/r??z?li?nt/adj.abletobeestrong,happy,orsuccessfulagainafteradifficultsituationorevent有復(fù)原力的；適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)的Thepanyprovedremarkablyresilientduringtherecession.公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間表現(xiàn)出驚人的耐挫力。Anyonecanframetheirlifeasahero’sjourney—andwesuspectthatpeoplecanalsobenefitfromtakingsmallstepstowardamoreheroiclife.Youcanseeyourselfasaheroicprotagonist,forexample,byidentifyingyourvaluesandkeepingthemtopofmindinyourdaytoday.Youcanleanintofriendshipsandnewexperiences.Youcansetgoalsmuchlikethoseofclassicqueststostaymotivatedandchallengeyourselftoimproveyourskills.Youcanalsotakestockoflessonslearnedandwaysyoumightleaveapositivelegacyforyourmunityorlovedones.Althoughyoumightneversavetheworldonamassivescale,youcouldsaveyourself.Youcanbeeaherointhecontextofyourownlife,which,attheveryleast,willmakeforabetterstory.daytoday/?de?t??de?/n.anordinary,everydayroutine日常生活Theyhaveetoescapethedaytoday.他們是來(lái)逃避日復(fù)一日的生活的。leanintotoembrace;toexperiencefullyorrespondtowholeheartedly擁抱；全身心體驗(yàn)muchlikeusedtosaythatsomethingisverysimilartosomethingelse很像某事物，和某事物幾乎一樣Thetasteismuchlikebutter.這味道很像黃油。takestockoftostopandthinkcarefullyaboutthewayinwhichaparticularsituationisdevelopinginordertodecidewhattodonext（對(duì)某情況）加以總結(jié)，作出評(píng)估，進(jìn)行反思makefortohelptomakesthpossible促成Constantarguingdoesn'tmakeforahappymarriage.不斷爭(zhēng)吵不可能使婚姻幸福。閱讀理解：Whenweseecutebabies,puppies,orotheradorablethings,itisn'tunmontofeelastrongurgetopinch(捏)orevenbitethem.Itturnsoutthere'sascientifictermforthisresponse:"cuteaggression".In2015,YaleUniversityresearcherspublishedastudyabouthumanresponsestocuteness,whichareoftenbothpositiveandnegative.Theresearchersconcludedthatreactionstocuteness—rangingfromsmilestotearstoaggression—arebroughtonbythedegreeofpositiveemotion.Cuteaggressiondoesn'tappeartobedrivenbyaggressiveintention.Instead,scientiststhinkitisawayforustocopewithintensepositiveemotions."Cuteaggressionseemstobeamechanismtomanagetheoverwhelming(壓倒性的)positivefeelingswegetwhenweinteractwithsomethingtoocuteforustohandle,"saysAssociateProfessorLisaA.Williams,asocialpsychologistfromUNSWScience.Itislikeapressurevalve(壓力閥)thathelpsusreleasetheexcessofpositiveemotionsbeforetheyexplodelikeaballoon."Inotherwords,tobalanceouttheoverwhelmingfloodofpositivefeelings,weseektoholditback—andstrangelyenough,thatcanplayoutasanaggressiveinclination."Wonderingwhetherthisphenomenoncouldbemeasuredinbrainactivity,KatherineStavropoulos,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,conductedastudy.Theteamfitted54participantswithelectrodecapstomeasurebrainactivityandshowedthem32photographsofadultandbabyanimals.Accordingtotheresearchers,theimagesofbabyanimalsreceivedthestrongestresponse,andparticipantsexpressedmorecuteaggressiontowardbabyanimalsthanadultanimals.Stavropoulosalsofoundstrongconnectionsbetweenthedegreeofcuteaggressionandthebrain'srewardresponsetoadorableanimals.AsStavropoulosconcluded,cuteaggressionseemstobethebrain'swayof"bringingusbackdown"bysuppressingouroverwhelmingfeelings.Whenthesetwopowerfulsystemsarestart