2021年12月大學(xué)英語4級第1套

2021年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題試卷(第1套)PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Supposeyourschoolisorganizinganorientationprogramtohelpthefreshmenadapttothenewenvironmentandacademicstudies.Youarenowtowriteaproposal，whichmayincludeitsaim,duration,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)ItfoundapetdogonboardaplanetoacityinTexas.B)Ithadoneofitscargoplaneslandatawrongairport.C)Itsenttwodogstothewrongdestinations.D)Ithadtwoofitsdomesticflightsmixedup.A)Correcttheirmistakeassoonaspossible.B)Givethetwopetsaphysicalcheckup.2.C)HireacharterjettobringthepetsbackD)Sendanotherplanetocontinuetheflight.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Sheweighs130kilograms.C)ShewasbroughtfromAfrica.A)Ittook22hours.B)Shehashadbabiesbefore.D)Shehasabigfamilyofsix.4.B)Ithadsomecomplications.C)Itwassmooth.D)ItwasmonitoredbyDr.SueTygielski.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.6.7.A)Itenjoyedgreatpopularity.B)Itstartedbusinessthreeyearsago.C)Itwasfrequentedbynewly-weds.D)Itwasbuiltabovethesea-waterA)Expandhisbusinessonthebeach.B)Replacetherestaurant'swoodendeck.C)Postapictureofhisrestaurantonline.D)Celebratehissilverweddinganniversary.A)Shesolditfortwothousanddollars.B)Shetookittotherestaurantmanager.C)SheposteditspictureonFacebook.D)ShereturnedittoitsownerrightawaySectionBDirections:Inthissection,vouwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwilhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftervouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorresponudingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Thenumberofduckshasdeclinedsharplyinrecentyears.B)Climatechangehaslittleeffectonthelivesofwildducks.C)DuckmeatisnoteateninAustralia.CanadaandtheU.S.D)Duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld.9.A)Droughts.C)Farming.B)Bushfires.D)Hunting.10.A)Theyarenoteasytodomesticate.B)Theirmeatisnotthatpopular.C)Itisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.D)Itisnotconsideredcost-effective.11.A)Theyhuntedducksasatraditionalsport.B)Theykilledwildducksandgeeseforfood.C)Theyraisedducksandgeesefortheireggs.D)Theypoisonedwildducksinlargenumbers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Haveherhouserepainted.

B)Replacesomeofheroldfurniture.C)Moveintoanewly-paintedhouse.D)Calculatethecostofthepaintjob.13.A)Howlongtheworkwilltake.B)Howmuchtheworkwillcost.C)Howthepaintjobistobedone.D)Howmanyworkersareneeded.14.A)Coverupherfurniture.C)Staysomewhereelse.B)Asksomefriendsforhelp.D)Overseetheworkherself.15.A)Shecouldhaveaskedafriendforhelpwiththepaintiob.B)Paintingahouseinvolvesmoretroublethanshethought.C)Sheshouldhaverepaintedherhousemuchearlier.D)Movingherfurnitureisharderthanthepaintiob.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,wouwillhearthreepussages.Attheendofeachpasyage,wouwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked4),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorresrondineletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Ouestions16to18arehasedonthenassagevouhaveiustheard.16.A)Tocultivategoodhabits.B)Toprepareforsecondaryschool.C)Toreviewwhatislearnedinclass.D)Tostimulateinterestinlearning.17.A)Discusstheiracademicachievementswiththem.B)Createanidealstudyenvironmentforthem.C)Allowthemtolearnindependently.D)Checktheirhomeworkpromptly.18.A)Finishthembeforetheygettired.B)Tacklethemostdifficulttaskfirst.C)Startwithsomethingtheyenjoy.D)Focusonthemostimportantones.Questinns19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A）Workerswhomeetitsbodyweightstandards.B）Workerswhocanlose30poundsinayear.

C）Workerswhotrythehardesttoloseweight.D）Workerswhoareinthetop10%oftheslimmest.20.A）Impractical.C）Unmanageable.B）Inconsistent.D）Unfair21.A）Offerthemmuchfatterbonuses.B）Improveworkingenvironment.C）Encouragehealthybehaviors.D）Providefreelunchandsnacks.Ouestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A）Ithasnotdoneenoughtohelpleft-handedchildren.B）Ithastreatedleft-handedchildrenasbeingdisabled.C）Ithasnotbuiltfacilitiesspeciallyfortheleft-handed.D）Ithasignoredcampaignsonbehalfoftheleft-handed.23.A）Theyareasintelligentasotherchildren.B）Theyhaveadistinctivestyleofhandwriting.C）Theysometimeshavepsychologicalproblems.D）Theytendtohavemoredifficultiesinlearning24.A）Punishteachersdiscriminatingagainstleft-handedstudents.B）Laymoreemphasisonimprovingchildren'smentalhealth.C）Encouragestudentstodevelopvariousprofessionalskills.D）Keeptrackofleft-handedchildren'sschoolperformance.25.A）Howtheycanbereducedinnumber.B）Whytheirnumbersaresohigh.C）Whatpercentagetheyaccountfor.D）Iftheirpercentagekeepsincreasing.PartIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepasage.Readthepassagethrouehcarefullybeforemakinewurchoices.Fachchoiceinthehankisidentifiedbvaletter，PleasemarkthecorrespondineletterforeachitenonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Manypeoplebelievethatpassionandcommitmentarethefoundationsofstrongromanticrelationships.Butarelationshipismadeoftwo26individuals.Andthepersonalitytraits（特性）theseindividuals27orlackcanoftenmakearelationshipmore-orless-likelyto28.Recentresearchhasfoundthatonetraitinparticular-humility（謙遜）-isanimportantindicatorofsuccessfulrelationships.Humilitycansometimesbe29withalackofconfidence.Butresearchershavecometoofdeeplyadmirablepersonalqualities.realizethatbeinghumblegenerallyindicatesthe30Beinghumblemeansyouhavetheabilitytoaccurately31yourdeficiencieswithoutdenyingyourskillsandstrengths.Forexample，youmightrecognizethatyouareintelligent，butrealizethatyouarenota32.Thus，humilityleadstoanhonestviewofone'sownadvantagesandshortcomings.Humblepeopledonotignore,avoid,ortrytodenytheirlimitsordeficiencies.Theycanmistakes,seevalueinthingsthatarefarfromperfectandidentifyareasforimprovement.33Perhapsitisnot34,then,thathumilityappearstobeahugeassettorelationships.Onestudyfoundthatpeopletendtoratethisqualityintheirspouse.Thestudyalsofoundthatsomeone35whoishumbleismorelikelytoinitiatearomanticrelationship,perhapsbecausetheyarelesslikelytoseethemselvesas"toogood"forsomeoneelse.Thus,ahumblepartnermightbeyouridealpartner.A)acknowledgeB)assessI)possessJ)presenceK)puzzledL)statusC)confusedD)endureE)extremelyF)geniusM)surprisingN)thoroughlyO)uniqueG)highlyH)permanentSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.There'sastressgapbetweenmenandwomenA)“Iusedtoworkveryhard.Ilovetocreatethings,growthemandsolveproblems,”saidMengLi,asuccessfulappdeveloperinSanFrancisco.“Ididn'treallycareaboutmymindandmybodyuntiltheydecidedtogoonstrike.”B)Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleep,sheexperienced“problem-solvingdreams,”whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.“AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,IquicklyrealizedIwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatIfeltlikeI'dlostmyself,”shesaid.C)It'sacommonstory--onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.Womenaretwiceaslikelytosufferfromseverestressandanxietyasmen,accordingtoa2016studypublishedinTheJournalofBrain&Behavior.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreportsagendergapyearafteryearshowingthatwomenconsistentlyreporthigherstresslevels.Clearly,astressgapexists.D)"Thedifferenceisnotreallynewstome,asaclinicalpsychologist,"saidErinJoyce,awomenandcouplestherapistinLosAngeles."It'sbeenwelldocumentedinextensiveresearchovertheyearsthatprevalenceratesforthemajorityoftheanxietydisordersarehigherinwomenthanmen."Somepeoplemayarguethatthisismerelyreporteddata,andtheysaymanymenfeelthesamepressuresaswomenintermsoffulfillingresponsibilitiesatworkandhome.Inotherwords,we'reallreally,reallystressed.E)“Thedifference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeenvironmentinparticular,”Dr.Joycesaid.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.Theproblemis,houseworkisoftenoverlookedaswork,eventhoughitisoftenaslaborious(orinsomecases,moreso)asanypaidiob,AsthescholarSilviaFedericiputitin1975,theunpaidnatureofdomesticworkreinforcestheassumptionthat"houseworkisnotwork,thuspreventingwomenfromstrugglingagainstit."F)It'snotjustinsidethehome,though.ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplay"surfaceacting,"orforcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt."Theyexpressedoptimism,calmnessandsympathyevenwhenthesewerenotthemotionsthattheywereactuallyfeeling,"thestudysaid.G)Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof"emotionallabor,"aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheinternetcommunityblogMetaFilter.Hundredsofwomenspokeupabouttheirownexperiencewithemotionallabor:thedutiesthatareexpectedofthem,butgounnoticed.Theseinvisibledutiesbecomeapparentonlywhenyoudon'tdothem.Likedomesticlabor,emotionallaborisgenerallydismissedandnotlabeledwork.Butresearchshowsitcanbejustasexhaustingaspaidwork.Emotionallaborcanleadtodifficultyinsleepingandfamilyconflict.Sure,circumstantialstress,likelosingajob,mayleadtothesesameissues.Butemotionallaborisnotcircumstantial.It'sanenduringresponsibilitybasedonthesocializedgenderroleofwomen.

H)LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDr.Jovcesaidwasanunattainableideal."Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall.Theywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesupermom,"shesaid.Whenwomendon'treachthisideal,theyfeelguilty;andevenmorestressed.Afterherownstrugglewiththis,Ms,LitookastepbackandusedherexperiencetobuildSanity&Self,aself-careappandplatformforoverworkedwomen."TherealizationsIhadinthatprocesshelpedmegaininsightsandultimatelygotmereadytointegrateself-careintomydailylife."shesaid.I)Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenvouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.However,"therearemanyreasonstothinkthatit'sdifferentinwomen,"HarvardMedicalSchoolreported.Forexample,womenaremorelikelytoexperiencedisturbedsleep,anxietyandunusualfatiguebeforeaheartattack.Stressissonormalizedthatitiseasyforwomentoshrugoffthosesymptomsassimplytheconsequencesofstress.Manywomenalsodonotexperiencechestpainbeforeaheartattackthewaymendo,whichleadstofewerwomendiscoveringproblematicheartissues.Harvardreportsthatwomenare"muchmorelikelythanmentodiewithinayearofhavingaheartattack"and"manywomensaytheirphysicianssometimesdon'tevenrecognizethesymptoms."J)Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple."Thebasicsofadequatesleep,healthydietandexerciseareagoodplacetostart,"Dr.Joycesaid."Supportfromtrustedrelationshipsisvital.Thisincludesprofessionalsupportfromvarioushealthandwellnessprovidersifstressisbecomingincreasinglyoverwhelming."K)Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit'smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace."Getreallyspecificwithwhat'sstressingyouout."Ms.Lisaid."Weoftenchalkupourstresstobroadexperienceslikework.Butworkstresscantakemanydifferentforms.Isacolleaguebeingdisrespectfulofyourtime?Isabossunderminingyourday-to-daycontroloverdecisionmaking?Thesearedifferentcausesofstressandcanbenefitfromdifferentkindsofself-care.L)Ideally,yourspouseorpartnerwillbesupportive,ratherthandismissive,ofyourstress.Itisimportanttotalkthroughtheseissuesbeforetheycometoahead."Womenworkingoutsideofthehomeshouldmakeanefforttohaveaconsciousconversationwiththeirpartnersaboutmoreequitablesharingofhouseholdandfamilyresponsibilities,"Dr.Joycesaid.36.Somecareerwomenwhoaimhightendtofeelguiltyiftheyfailtoachievetheirgoals.37.Theunpaidhouseworkdonebywomenistriplethatdonebymen.

38.Itisreportedthatwomenconsistentlysuffermorefromseverestressthanmen.39.Womenareadvisedtoidentifythespecificcausesoftheirstresssothatstepscanbetakentodealwithit.40.Onestudyshowedthatwomenmanagersoftenexpressedpositiveemotionsthattheydidn'treallyfeel.41.Womentendtomistakesignsofheartattacksforsymptomsofstress.42.ForatimeanappdeveloperinAmericawassobusyattendingtoworkandfamilythatshesufferedfromsleeplessness43.Theemotionallaborwomendoisnoticedonlywhenitisnotdone.44.Dr.Joycesuggeststhatapartfromself-care,womenshouldseekprofessionalsupportiftheyexperienceseverestress45.Somepeoplebelievethattheremaynotexistastressgapbetweenmenandwomen.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements，F(xiàn)oreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthabestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinelelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneOuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework，citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitifworkingfromhomebecomesthenorm？Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.However，thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.Unlessemployeesarefullycompensated，thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasitic（寄生的）capitalism，wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic-andnowpersonal-realm，ratherthanongeneratingnewvalue.Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates，othersnotetheloneliness，reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsandofficeequipment.Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork：thespacemustbeheated，cleaned，maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontréal.Theexerciseissimplebutimportant，sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmofmeaningfuldiscussion.

Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilarvaluetothecompensationworkersshouldreceiveforsettingupofficesathome.Whatdoesthismeanforofficesincities？Oneoftwothingsmayhappen：Employerspassthesecostsontoemployees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation（侵占），withemployeesabsorbingproductioncoststhathavetraditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.Thisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeestoemployers.Whenemployeesareproperlycompensated，employers'realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsaremodest，thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices—suchaslivelyatmosphere，rapidityofcommunication，team-buildingandacclimatization（適應(yīng)環(huán)境）ofnewemployees-willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand，likeYahooin2013，encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkingfromhome？A）Itwillbecomethenormsoonerorlater.B）Itrequiresemployeestoadaptpromptly.C）Itbenefitsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.D）Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastructure47.Whydosomepeopleopposeworkingfromhome？A）Itdiscouragesteamspirit.B）Itinvadesemployces'privacy.C）Itunderminestraditionalvalues.D）Itnegativelyimpactsproductivity.48.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMontréal？A）Toprovideconvincingdataforseriousdiscussion.B）Toillustratetheongoingchangeinworkingpatterns.C）Toshowtheimpactofremoteworkingonproductivity.D）Toexemplifyhowremoteworkingaffectstheeconomy.49.Whatcanweconcludefromtheauthor'scalculations？A）Thereisnopointintransferringofficeworktoworkingfromhome.B）Employeescanbenefitasmuchfromremoteworkingastheiremployers.C）Employers'gainfromremoteworkingshouldgotocmployeesascompensation.D）Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentomotivateemployeestosetupofficesathome.50.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononworkingfromhome？A）Itshouldbeavoidedifpossible.B）Itisonlyatemporarymeasure.

C）Itcanreducecompanies'realestatecosts.D）Itmayaffectemployees'corporateloyalty.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfuldevelopmentasaspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous，leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity'scomplexity，scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.Whilepinningdownadefinitionhasproventricky，thegeneralconsensusisit'ssomemeansofinformationgathering.Psychologistsalsoagreecuriosityisintrinsically（內(nèi)在地）motivated.Curiositycoverssuchalargesetofbehaviorsthatthereprobablyisn'tanysingle"curiositygene"thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Thatsaid,curiositydoeshaveageneticcomponent.Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior，includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup，infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime，andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthatgigantictask.Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It'swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,thestakesar