2022年6月英語六級真題 第二套

年06月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplekeeplearningnewskillstoadapttoafast-changingworld."Youcanmakecomments,citeexamples,oruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)溫馨提示：2022年6月英語六級考試實考1套聽力，本套聽力內(nèi)容與第1套完全一致，只是選項順序不同，故而未重復(fù)給出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirectionsr：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina'wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThinkingkindthoughtsaboutyourselfandyourlovedonescanprovebeneficialforYouroverallwellbeing,empiricalevidencehasshown.Researcherscarriedoutaninvestigationtoexplorethe26betweenhavingkindthoughtsandaperson'spsychologicalstate.Forthestudy,fivegroupsofparticipantswerepresentedwithadifferentsetofaudioinstructions,someofwhichencouragedtheparticipantstothink27aboutthemselvesandotherswhichpersuadedthemtothinkinaself^criticalmanner.Afterlisteningtotheaudioinstructions,theparticipantswereaskedtoansweraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhethertheyfeltagitated,howlikelytheyweretoshowkindnesstothemselvesandhow28theyfelttootherindividuals.Theparticipantswhowereinstructedtothinkkindlyaboutthemselvesweremorelikelytoexhibitabodilyresponseassociatedwithbeingrelaxedandfeelingsafe.Theirheartratesalsodropped,whichisahealthysignofaheartthatcanrespondflexiblytosituations.Yet,29,thosewholistenedtothecriticalaudioclipswerenotedashavingahigherheartrateandsweatresponseafterwards,bothofwhich30feelingsofthreatanddistress.Havingtheabilitytoswitchoffthebody'snaturalthreatresponsecan31aperson'simmunesystem.This,inturn,givesthemagreaterlikelihoodofrecoveringquicklyfromillness.Thesefindingshelpustofurtherunderstandsomeofourclinicaltrialsresearchfindings,whereweshowthatindividualswith32depressionbenefitparticularlyfromself-awareness-based33therapy.Theyessentiallylearntobecomemoresympathetictothemselves.Thesenseisthatforpeople34todepression,meetingtheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingswith35isaradicallydifferentway;thatthesethoughtsarenotfacts.Itintroducesadifferentwayofbeingandknowingthatisquitetransformativeformanypeople.A)adverselyI)indignantlyB)amiablyJ)insulationC)boostK)lavishD)cognitiveL)proneE)compassionM)recurrentF)connectedN)signifyG)correlation0)surpassH)fascinatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SavingOurPlanetA)Inthelongview,thehumanrelationshipwithforestshasbeenoneofbrutaldestruction,butevenitcarrieselementsofslowhope.IntheMiddleAges,therewasnoshortageoftimberinmostpartsoftheworld,andfewsawcuttingdownforestsasaproblem.Yetin1548thepeopleofVeniceestimatedthatanimportanttimbersupplywouldlastonly30yearsattheircurrentrateofusage-butdifferentforestmanagementwouldmakeitpossibletomeetthedemandformanycenturiestocome.Theideaofpreservingresourcescameoutofaconcernforthefuture:afearofusingupresourcesfasterthantheycouldbereplenished(補充).B)Economicinterestswereatthecoreofthisunderstandingoftreesandforests.Itwouldtakemorethanthreecenturiesbeforescientistsbegantounderstandthattimberproductionisnottheonly,andpossiblynotthemostimportant,functionofforests.Thelate19thandearly20thcenturysawanincreasingrecognitionthatforestsserveashabitatsforcountlessanimalandplantspeciesthatallrelyoneachother.Theytakeoverprotectivefunctionsagainstsoilerosionandlandslides(塌方)；theymakeasignificantcontributiontothewaterbalanceastheypreventsurfacerunoff;theyfilterdirtparticles,greenhousegasesandradioactivesubstancesfromtheair;theyproduceoxygen;theyprovidespacesforrecreationandtheypreservehistoricandprehistoricremains.Asaresult,forestsaroundtheworldhavebeensetasideasparksorwildernessareas.C)Recentyearshaveseenabigchangeinourviewofforests.PeterWohlleben'sbookTheHiddenLifeofTrees(2015),aninternationalbestseller,suggeststhattreescanwarneachotherofdangerthrougha“woodwideweb“ofrootsandfungi(真菌).Theysupporteachotherthroughsharingofnutrientsandinformation,andtheyevenkeepancientstumpsalivebyfeedingthemsolutionsofsugars.Suchinsightshavemadeusawareofdeepecologicalrelationshipsbetweenhumansandthemore-than-humanworld.D)Awarenessofecologiesisarecentphenomenon.Itwasnotuntilthe1940sthattheconceptofthe“environment“embracingalllivingandnonlivingthingsdeveloped.Inthe1970s,theterm“environment"gainedcurrency,becomingwidelyadoptedintheEnglishandRomancelanguages,andas“UmwelC("'surroundingworld^^)inGerman.Theemergenceoftheidealedtotheriseofenvironmentalagencies,regulationsandenvironmentalstudies,andtoenvironmentalscienceasnew,integratedacademicdisciplines.Itwasin1956thattheveryfirstbachelorofscienceinenvironmentalstudieswasawarded,attheStateUniversityofNewYorkCollegeofForestryatSyracuse.Sincethe1970s-withtheriseof“environmentalism"-environmentalstudiesprogrammeshavesprungupathundredsofuniversities.Thereis(slow)hopeinthefactthatscholarsfrommanydifferentdisciplineshaveadoptedtheterm“environment"overthepastdecades.Theyareexploringintricateconnectionswithinandbetweencomplexecologies,aswellastheimpactthathumanenvironment-making(throughtechno-industrial,economicandothermanipulativedevelopments)hashadonthebiosphere.E)Theriseoftheideaoftheenvironmentandascholarlyunderstandingofecologicalprocesseshasinfluencednewtechnologiesandalsopolitics.Wehavecometoaskquestionsaboutvulnerabilityandrisk,worldecologies,andtherelationshipbetweennatureandpower.Thesearchforanadequateresponsetoclimatechangeoccupiescentrestageininternationaldiplomacy.F)Socialandenvironmentalactivists,scientistsandindigenousgroupshavecalledtheParisAgreementoftheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinDecember2015insufficient,weak,orcompromised.Tosomeextent,theyareright:climatechangehasalreadydestroyedtensofthousandsoflivelihoods,andthesituationwillworseninthenearfutureformillionsofmostlypoorerpeople,whowilljointheranksofthosewhohavealreadybeendisplacedbyclimatechangeandextremeweatherevents.ButtheParisConferenceneverthelessmarkedahistoricsteptowardtherecognitionoftheneedforactiononclimatechange,thecuttingofcarbonemissions,andworldcooperation.Therewere195nationsthatcametothetableinParisandagreedtolimitsonemissions.Historically,nothingcomparablehadhappenedpriortothis.Beforethe20thcentury,ahandfulofscientistshadbeeninterestedinthetheoreticalrelationshipbetweengreenhousegasesandclimatechange,butonlytheempiricalevidenceaccumulatedsincethelate20thcenturyestablishedaclearconnectionbetweentheburningoffossilfuelsandavastlyacceleratedriseinglobaltemperatures.G)Thecurrentcrisisisnotthefirstthathumanshaveencountered,andalookatthestruggleswithpollutioninrecenthistoryrevealstransformationsthatonceseemedunimaginable.The"Londonfog”thatcametodefinethecapitalthroughBritishnovelsandthrillersisinrealitysmogorsmoke,alegacyofindustrialisation.Afteracenturyofignorance,LondonwashitbytheGreatSmogofDecember1952-theworstair-pollutioneventinthehistoryoftheUnitedKingdomwhichcausedthedeathsofapproximately12,000people.Shortlythereafter,publicinitiativesandpoliticalcampaignsledtostrictregulationsandnewlaws,includingtheCleanAirAct(1956).Today,LondonhaseffectivelyreducedtrafficemissionsthroughtheintroductionofaCongestionChargeZonein2003,andanUltraLowEmissionZonein2019.H)Scientificevidencethatwearelivinginaneraofclimatechange,resourceexhaustionandpotentialecologicaldisasterisoverwhelming.Howdowemotivateapublicexhaustedbynever-endingscenariosofdoomanddisaster,whenthechallengesseemsohugeandsoimpossibletosolve?Statisticsaboutextinctionandthegloomofdeclinewillnotinthemselvesgetusoutofouroftenself^createdecologicaltraps:instead,theyaremorelikelytoresultinparalysisandinaction.I)Weneedstoriesandhistoriesofchangeandtransformation:ecologicalstoriesthatmakeusconfrontthefactthathumanpowerispotentiallydestructive,andthatthesurvivalofourspeciesonthisplanetdependsonthepreservationofsoilandwater,andthehabitatsandecologicalsystems.J)Itistimethatweshowedsuccessesandaccelerationsinecologicalawareness,actionandrestoration:storiesthatincludepastsuccessesandfuturevisionsabouttheriseofurbangardeningandofrenaturalisedriverscapes,ofsuccessfulprotestsagainstpollutedairandwater,oftheriseofregionalmarketsandslowfood,andtheplantingoftreesaroundtheglobe,ofinitiativesandenterprisesthatworktowardsecologicalrestoration.TherealityofecologicalcursesseemsfargreaterthanthepowerofthehopesleftatthebottomofPandora'sbox.Butifwebelievethatnothingcanbechanged,thenwearegivingupouropportunitytoact.K)Today’ssavingpowerswillnotcomefromadeusexmachina(解圍之神).Inanever-morecomplexandsyntheticworld,oursavingpowerswon'tcomefromasinglesource,andcertainlynotfromatoo-big-to-failapproachorfromthosewhohavebeendrawnintothewhirlpoolofourageofspeed.Hopecanworkasawakeupcall.Itacknowledgessetbacks.Theconceptofslowhopesuggeststhatwecan'texpectthingstochangeovernight.Iftheever-fasterexhaustionofnaturalresources(inecologicalterms)andthe"'shrinkingofthepresent^^(insocialterms)areurgentproblemsofhumans,thencuttingdownonexhaustivepracticesandworkingtowardsa"stretchingofthepresent"willbewaystomoveforward.36.Climatechangehaswroughthavoconthelivesoftensofthousandsofpeople.37.Ittookscientistsalongtimetorealisethatthefunctionofforestsgoesfarbeyondprovidinghumanswithtimber.38.Thereisabundantevidencethatwearenowfacingapossibleecologicaldisaster.39.Environmentalsciencebecameacademicdisciplinesonlysomesixtyyearsago.40.Thingscannotchangeovernight,butreducingtheconsumptionofnaturalresourceswillhelpsolvetheecologicalcrisis.41.Humanperceptionofforestshasundergoneatremendouschangeinthepastyears.42.Recenthistoryshowsreductionofpollution,onceseeminglyimpossible,canactuallybeaccomplished.43.Peoplebegantoconsiderpreservingnaturalresourceswhentheyfearedtheywouldhavenothingtouseinthefuture.44.Ifwedoubtourabilitytoreverseecologicaldeterioration,wearethrowingawaythechancetotakeaction.45.Howtorespondeffectivelytoclimatechangehasbecomethefocusofinternationaldiplomacy.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SinceAmericanidolstarTarynSouthernstartedcomposingmusicwithAIin2017,musiciansallovertheworldhavebegunwonderingabouttheimplicationsofAIandmodemtechnologywheremusicproductionisconcerned.UsingAIinthecreationofmusicisperceivedbysomeasahelpfultoolandbyothersasalmost”thebeginningoftheend”.InTaryn'scase,AIsoftwareenabledhertocommunicatemelodiesandchordsthatshedidn'tknowhowtoputtogetherherself.Theendproductwasthereforeacollaborativeeffort,ratherthanapieceentirelyproducedbytechnology.Taryn'sstoryhasadistinctlypositivefeelthathighlightstheadvantagesofusingAIinmusicproduction.Itcanserveasasourceofinspiration,andasanidealjumping-offpointshouldamusicianbehitwithwriter'sb/oc左(文思枯竭).ContrarytoseeingAIasatool,somemusiciansconsiderittobehugelydetrimentaltothemusicscene.Atthemoment,becausesuchtechnologyisstillsoyoung,themusicit'sproducingisnotnecessarilywhatwewanttohear.Inshort,it'snotofgreatquality.Thosewhohaveproducedtheirownmusic,orevenfansofauthentic,artisticmusic,willalsoarguethatacomputercouldneveremulatethework(andhumantouch)ofatruemusician.Musichasbeenanintegralpartofthestoryofhumansforages;infact,thefirstknownpieceofmusicisbelievedtobearound3,400yearsold.Songshavelongbeenusedasameansofcommunicatingmessagesandfolkstories,coveringeverythingfromsocietalethicstoworldhistory.Sincemanypeopleseemusicassuchaninherentlyhumanexpression,itisoftenconsideredastooprecioustoimparttotechnology.Thethoughtofacomputergeneratinga“random“pieceofmusicthathasn'tbeenpainstakinglycreatedbyanartistisalmostseenassacrilegious(褻瀆神圣的).Regardlessofwhichsideoftheargumentyoufallon,itseemslikelythattheuseofAIinmusicproductionwillonlybecomemorefrequent.Ourmodemworldispreoccupiedwithtechnologicaladvancements.Insteadofshyingawayfromtheideaofthisbleakfuture,thebestapproachtotakeisoneofoptimismandcuriosity.Whiletherearealwaysboundtobestubbornold-schoolmusicianswhorefusetousetech,musicproducersshouldconsiderAIassomethingtobeembraced.AImusicsoftwareisstillverymuchinitsinfancy,butwithmoreinvestorsinterestedinthedevelopmentandoutcomesofsuchtechnology,andconsideringtherapidgrowthrateofothertechadvancesinrecentyears,it'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeAi-producedmusicisseenasthenewnorm.46.HowdosomemusiciansperceiveusingAIincreatingmusic?A)Itwouldhelptoproducemoremusicidols.B)Itwouldbedetrimentaltomusicproduction.C)Itwouldhindertheunderstandingofauthenticmusic.D)Itwouldbethebeginningofanewerainmusiccreation.47.WhatdoesTarynSouthern'sstoryillustrate?A)AItechnologyisconducivetomusiccomposition.B)Musicianswillbeunabletocreatemusicwithouthightech.C)Musiciansareoftenattheirwits,endintheircreativeeffort.D)AItechnologyisindispensabletocreatingmelodiesandchords.48.WhyaresomemusiciansopposedtotheuseofAIincreatingmusic?A)MusicproducedwithAItechnologylackshumanness.B)MusiccreatedwithAItechnologyiseasilyemulated.C)Itwilldepreciatehumans’roleinmusiccomposition.D)Itwilldepleteyoungmusicians,creativeinspiration.49.WhydomanypeoplethinkmusicistooprecioustoimparttoAItechnology?A)Itcannotbecreatedwithoutpains.B)Itcannotbeproducedatrandom.C)Itispartofhumanlife.D)Itishumanspecific.50.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofAImusic?A)Itwillcontinuetoarousetheinterestofmusicinvestors.B)Ithastheprospectofbecomingthenorminthefuture.C)Itwillbegraduallyacceptedbyold-schoolmusicians.D)Itmayeventuallyloseitsfreshnessandappeal.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Afewweeksago,awell-meaningprofessortriedtoexplainthephysiologicalprocessbehindvirusesandthehumanbodyinatweetandwasimmediatelycriticizedforamistakeinhisinformation.Hethenissuedanapologyanddeletedhiserroneoustweet.Communicatingsciencebeyondtheacademicbubbleisnecessarytoaugmentingpublicunderstandingofhealthandenvironmentalissuesandhelpingindividualsmakewell-informedpersonaldecisions.However,scientistswhoengageinsciencecommunicationmustacknowledgethatevenintheirarea,theirexpertiseisdeepbutnarrow.Theyneedtorecognizetheconstraintsintheirownknowledge.Thatisnottosuggestthattheyonlywriteorpresentontheirownresearch,butrather,thattheyconsultwithanexpertifthetopicisoutsideoftheirdiscipline.Fact-checkingwithascientistwhoworksinthespecialtywillpreventtheunintentionalspreadofmisinformation,andtheprocessofdoingsomayyieldtinypiecesofinterestingnewinformationthatcanbeincorporated.Somehavearguedthatthepublicisnoteducatedenoughtounderstandscientificinformation,especiallyforanycomplexphenomena,butthisisabsurd.Scienceinstructioncanbefoundatalllevelsofpubliceducationwithmostsecondaryschoolsofferingclassesonbiology,physics,andchemistry.Ifanything,socialmediahasshownthatthepubliccravesknowledgebasedonasolidscientificfoundation.Eventhepublicdiscoursethatfollowsmostscientificarticlesshowsthatonlinereaderscanunderstandeventhemostbafflingofscientificprinciples.Itisequallyimperativetoemphasizethatbeinganexpertonatopicdoesnotautomaticallymakeascholarqualifiedtocommunicateittoanonscientificaudience.Anumberofscientistsrecentlyhavebeenofferingpublic-aimedexplanationsofscientificphenomena.Eventhoughtheyhaveappropriatecredentials,theyoftendoverylittleinthewayofexplaining.Onebiologistsharedanintricateanalogyinvolvingalibrary,books,paper,arecipe,ingredients,andacaketoexplaintheprocessbehindvaccines.Anyexplanationthatrequiresawrittenkeytokeeptrackofwhateachitemrepresentsisnotaclearexampleforpublicconsumption.Sciencecommunicationisascienceinandofitself.Itrequiresrigoroustrainingandinstruction.Ascientistshouldtakecommunicationcoursesthatcanteachapersonhowtoidentifyandeliminatejargonandhowtodevelopeffectiveanalogiestoexplaincomplexconcepts.Onecannotassumecommunicationexpertise-imagineifsomeonejustdecidedthattheywereaphysicistandstartedtryingtocontributetothefieldwithoutthenecessarybackground.Doingapoorjobcommunicatingsciencetothepublicwillonlycreateconfusionandwidenthegapbetweensciencea