高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪用書(shū)英語(yǔ)(新高考)閱讀理解　文體分類(lèi)練7　新聞報(bào)道

高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024文體分類(lèi)練(七)新聞報(bào)道Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023湖南岳陽(yáng)二模)Deveza’smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant(腎移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.Passage1Passage2Passage3Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Passage1Passage2Passage3Mostorgantransplantscomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmunesystemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.ShesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Passage1Passage2Passage3Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethego-aheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamhopesthattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.Passage1Passage2Passage3[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽,并取得了成功。這一成功的案例具有積極的影響。Passage1Passage2Passage31.WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?A.Carryingoutacasestudy.B.Callingforkidneydonations.C.Launchingamedicalexperiment.D.Tradinghalfherliverforakidney.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Deveza

came

up

with

a

different

plan.In

2017,she

started

the

world’s

first

paired

exchange

of

different

organs

between

living

donors,exchanging

half

her

liver

for

someone

else’s

kidney.”可知,Deveza為了幫助媽媽移植合適的腎臟,用自己的一半肝臟作為交換。Passage1Passage2Passage32.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Patients’desperationtosurvive.B.Severalsourcesoforgandonation.C.Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D.Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.√解析

主旨大意題。結(jié)合第三段的“...there

are

never

enough

organs”

“people

with

kidney

failure

are

increasingly

receiving

donated

organs

from

relatives

or

friends”和“doctors

may

be

able

to

find

pairs

of

would-be

donors

who

can

each

give

a

kidney

to

the

other’s

relative”可知,該段主要講述了器官移植的現(xiàn)狀。Passage1Passage2Passage33.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A.Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B.Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C.Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.D.Itproducedadesirableoutcome.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章尾段內(nèi)容可知,她們兩個(gè)的“器官互換”的成功可以對(duì)其他人產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)作用,從而使直接交換器官的案例增加。由此可推知,這產(chǎn)生了令人滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果。Passage1Passage2Passage34.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyLiver,YourKidneyB.Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC.OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatientsD.OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvances√解析

主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀文章可知,文章第二段中的“In

2017,she

started

the

world’s

first

paired

exchange

of

different

organs

between

living

donors,exchanging

half

her

liver

for

someone

else’s

kidney.”為核心話(huà)題——文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽,并取得了成功,下文則以此為延伸講述了其可能產(chǎn)生的積極影響。因此,選項(xiàng)A“My

Liver,Your

Kidney”不僅貼合主旨,且作為標(biāo)題更具有吸引力。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023山東青島一模)Asix-year-oldlongingtokeepaunicorninherbackyardfiguredshe’dgetthehardpartoutofthewayfirst.LastNovember,MadelinewrotealettertotheLosAngelesCountyDepartmentofAnimalCareandControlwithastraightforwardrequest.“DearLACounty,IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorninmybackyardifIcanfindone.Pleasesendmealetterinresponse.”P(pán)assage1Passage2Passage3DirectorMayedarepliedtwoweekslater.Thedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicorns,shesaid,undercertainconditions.Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shornatleastonceamonthwithasoftcloth,feedingitwatermelonatleastonceaweek,coveringitwithonlynontoxicandbiodegradablesparklesandgivingitregularaccesstosunlight,moonbeamsandrainbows.And,becauseunicornsareindeedveryraretofind,thedepartmentisalsogivingMadelineatoyunicorntokeephercompanyduringhersearch,asatokenofappreciation.“Itisalwaysrewardingtohearfromyoungpeoplewhothoughtfullyconsidertherequirementsofprovidingalovinghomeforanimals,”Mayedawroteintheletter.“IlikeyoursenseofresponsiblepetownershiptoseekpermissioninadvancetokeepaunicorninLosAngelesCounty.”P(pán)assage1Passage2Passage3MayedatoldThe

Washington

Postthatthisisthefirsttimethedepartmenthasreceivedarequestforalicenseforaunicornoranymythicalcreature.Theywereimpressedwiththefirst-graderforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtoworkouthowtogoaboutthat.Sheandhercolleaguesdealwithalotof“l(fā)ife-and-death”issuesonthejob,whetherthat’sseeingcasesofanimalabuseoranimalshurtingpeopleormakingdecisionsabouthavingtoputdowndangerousorsickanimals.SoMadeline’sletterhasconsiderablybrightenedtheirspirits,andsheisduetovisitthedepartmentthisweektodiscussherunicornlicenseapplication.Safetosay,she’sinforamagicalsurprise.Passage1Passage2Passage3[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了六歲的孩子Madeline寫(xiě)信給洛杉磯縣動(dòng)物保護(hù)與控制部門(mén),希望獲得許可養(yǎng)一只獨(dú)角獸。Passage1Passage2Passage35.WhydidMadelinewritetheletter?A.Toapplytovisitaunicorn.B.Tolearntoprovideanimalcare.C.Toaskpermissiontokeepapet.D.Tofigureouthowtofindaunicorn.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,Madeline寫(xiě)這封信是為了請(qǐng)求允許養(yǎng)寵物。Passage1Passage2Passage36.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Herapplicationwasdisapproved.B.Requirementsshouldbemetforthelicense.C.Shewaspresentedwithaliveunicorn.D.Guidancewasgivenforhersearch.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中所列舉的飼養(yǎng)獨(dú)角獸的條件可知,要獲得許可應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足一些要求。Passage1Passage2Passage37.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMayeda?A.Imaginative. B.Sensitive.C.Flexible. D.Convincing.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Mayeda的回信內(nèi)容可推知,Mayeda很體貼。Passage1Passage2Passage38.Whydoesthedepartmentthinktheletter“hasbrightenedtheirspirits”?A.Becauseitisthefirstapplicationletterforapet.B.Becauseanimalprotectionisalife-and-deathissue.C.Becausetheyarewornoutwiththeirdailywork.D.Becausetheyaretouchedwiththegirl’sdeeds.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,Mayeda與同事平時(shí)要處理許多“生死問(wèn)題”,他們認(rèn)為這封信“振奮了他們的精神”,因?yàn)樗麄儽慌⒄J(rèn)真的行為感動(dòng)了。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023廣東茂名二模)Holdingthelargeandheavy“brick”cellphonehe’screditedwithinventing50yearsago,MartinCoopertalksaboutthefuture.LittledidheknowwhenhemadethefirstcallonaNewYorkCitystreetfromaheavyMotorolaprototype(原型)thatourworldwouldcometobeencapsulatedonasleekglasssheathwherewesearch,connect,likeandbuy.

Coopersaysheisanoptimist.Hebelievesthatadvancesinmobiletechnologywillcontinuetotransformlivesbutheisworriedaboutriskssmartphonesposetoprivacyandyoungpeople.Passage1Passage2Passage3“Mymostnegativeopinionisthatwedon’thaveanyprivacyanymorebecauseeverythingaboutusisnowrecordedsomeplaceandaccessibletosomebodywhohasenoughintensedesiretogetit,”the94-year-oldsaidinaninterviewinBarcelonaatMWC,theMobileWorldCongress,theworld’sbiggestwirelesstradeshow,wherehewasgettingalifetimeaward.Cooperseesadarksidetotheadvances,includingtherisktochildren.Oneidea,hesaid,istohave“variousInternetsintendedfordifferentaudiences”.CoopermadethefirstpubliccallfromahandheldportabletelephoneonaManhattanstreetonApril3,1973,usingaprototypedevicehisteamatMotorolahadstarteddesigningjustfivemonthsearlier.Passage1Passage2Passage3CooperusedtheDynaTACphonetofamouslycallhisopponentatBellLabs,ownedbyAT&T.Itwasliterallytheworld’sfirstbrickphone,weighing2.5poundsandmeasuring11inches.Cooperspentthebestpartofthenextdecadeworkingtobringacommercialversionofthedevicetomarket.Thecallhelpedkick-startthecellphonerevolution.Coopersaidhe’s“notcrazy”abouttheshapeofmodernsmartphones.Hethinkstheywilldevelopsothatthey’llbe“distributedonyourbody”,possiblyassensors“measuringyourhealthatalltimes”.Passage1Passage2Passage3Batteries,hesaid,mightbereplacedbyhumanenergy.Thebodymakesenergyfromfood,heargues,soitcouldpossiblyalsopoweraphone.Insteadofholdingthephoneinthehand,forexample,thedevicecouldbeplacedundertheskin.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了“手機(jī)之父”馬丁·庫(kù)珀在接受采訪(fǎng)時(shí)談了自己對(duì)目前智能手機(jī)的一些看法以及他對(duì)智能手機(jī)未來(lái)的一些構(gòu)想。Passage1Passage2Passage39.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“asleekglasssheath”inparagraph2referto?A.Asmartphone.

B.AMotorolaprototype.C.A“brick”cellphone. D.Anoriginalcellphone.√解析

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞組后的定語(yǔ)從句“where

we

search,connect,like

and

buy”可知,該物品能同時(shí)讓人們搜索、連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)、點(diǎn)贊以及上網(wǎng)購(gòu)物,因此畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞組指的是“智能手機(jī)”。Passage1Passage2Passage310.WhatisCooper’sattitudeaboutthefutureofthemobilephone?A.Mostnegative.B.Verysubjective.C.Doubtfulanddisapproving.D.Optimisticbutalsoconcerned.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知,庫(kù)珀對(duì)智能手機(jī)的未來(lái)持有樂(lè)觀(guān)的態(tài)度,但是不乏抱有擔(dān)憂(yōu)。Passage1Passage2Passage311.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchildrenfromparagraph5?A.TheyshouldbeprovidedwithadifferentInternetfromadults.B.TheyshouldhaveeasyaccesstovariousInternets.C.Theyshouldbeintroducedtodifferentaudiences.D.They