如何配置SAP客戶信用控制

CREDITMANAGEMENTPROCESSCreditmanagementUsingCreditManagement,onecanminimizethecreditriskbydefiningacreditlimitforcustomers.Thisisespeciallyimportantifoneisdoingbusinesswithcustomersinfinanciallyunstablesectorsorcountries,ortradewithcountriesthatarepoliticallyunstableorthatadoptarestrictiveexchangeratepolicy.ActivitiesinSAPrelatedtocreditmanagementDefinesautomaticcreditlimitchecksaccordingtoarangeofcriteriaandinlinewithyourcompany’srequirements.Itcanbealsodefinedatwhatpointthesystemcarriesoutthesechecks(order,delivery,goodsissue,andsoon).Thecreditrepresentativeisautomaticallyalertedtoacustomer’scriticalcreditsituationassoonasorderprocessingstarts.Therelevantemployeescanbeautomaticallynotifiedofcriticalcreditsituationsviainternalmail.Company’screditrepresentativesareabletocheckacustomer’screditsituationquicklyandreliably,and,inlinewiththeappropriatecreditpolicy,todecidewhetherthecustomershouldbegrantedcredit.STEPSFORCREDITMANAGEMENTCONFIGURATIONPROCESSSTEP1-DEFINECREDITCONTROLAREAMenuPath–IMG–EnterpriseStructure-Definition-FinancialAccounting-DefineCreditControlArea.T.CODE-SPROYoucancreateyourcreditcontrolareaasgivenbelow.Herewehavecreatedcreditcontrolarea0007.Thecreditupdatecontrolswhenthevaluesofopensalesorders,deliveries,andbillingdocumentareupdated.Updategroup000012：SalesorderIncreaseopenordervaluefromdelivery-relevantschedulelines(增加未清訂單價值).Delivery:(減少未清訂單價值而增加未清交貨價值)ReduceopenordervaluefromdeliveryrelevantschedulelinesIncreaseopendeliveryvalueBillingdocument:(減少未清交貨價值，增加未清發(fā)票價值)ReduceopendeliveryvalueIncreaseopenbillingdocumentvalueFinancialdocument:(減少未清出具發(fā)票單據(jù)價值，增加未清項目)ReduceopenbillingdocumentvalueIncreaseopenitems更新組000015（對銷售訂單不做控制）交貨單：增加未清交貨價值，增加未清出具發(fā)票價值財務(wù)會計單據(jù)：減少未清出具發(fā)票價值，增加未清項目更新組000018（對交貨單不做控制）銷售訂單：增加未清交貨價值出具發(fā)票單據(jù)：減少為清交貨價值，增加未清出具發(fā)票價值財務(wù)會計單據(jù)：減少未清出具發(fā)票價值，增加未清項目注意：Theopenordervalueisonlyupdatedforscheduleslinesrelevanttodelivery.Ifadocumentcannotbeprocessedwiththeupdategroupyouspecify,thesystemdeterminesthenextpossibleupdateitcancarryout.Forexample,youspecifyupdategroup000012,which,atdelivery,reduceopenordervalueandincreaseopendeliveryvalue.Assumethatoneiteminorderisnotrelevanttodelivery.Inthiscase,systemautomaticallydeterminesupdategroup000018forthisitem.Updategroup000018increasestheopendeliveryvaluefortheorderitem.STEP2-ASSIGNCREDITCONTROLAREATOCOMPANYCODE.MenuPath–IMG–EnterpriseStructure-Assignment-FinancialAccounting-Assigncompanycodetocreditcontrolarea-T.CODE-SPROHereweareassigningcreditcontrolarea0007tocompanycodePILSTEP3–ASSIGNCREDITCONTROLAREATOSALESAREAMENUPATH-IMG-EnterpriseStructure-Assignment-SalesandDistribution-Assignsalesareatocreditcontrolarea.T.CODE-SPROHereweareassigningcreditcontrolarea0007tosalesarea.STEP4–DEFINERISKCATEGORYMENUPATH-IMG-FinancialAccounting(New)-AccountsReceivableandAccountsPayable-CreditManagement-CreditControlAccount-DefineRiskCategoriesT.CODE-SPROHerewearedefiningRiskCategory.007-HighRisk008-MediumRisk009-LowRiskSTEP5–DEFINECREDITGROUPMENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-BasicFunctions-CreditManagement/RiskManagement-CreditManagement-DefineCreditGroupsT.CODE-SPROHerewearedefiningCreditGroup.STEP6A–ACTIVATECREDITCHECKINSALESDOCUMENTHEADER.MENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-Sales-SalesDocuments-SalesDocumentHeader-DefineSalesDocumentTypesT.CODE–VOV8HerewearemaintainingCheckCreditlimit&CreditGroupfield.定義訂單是否使用信用額度控制，使用何種信用控制方式：A~C簡單信用控制，給出警告、錯誤信息或發(fā)貨凍結(jié)D．自動信用控制STEP6B–ACTIVATECREDITCHECKINITEMCATEGORYMENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-Sales-SalesDocuments-SalesDocumentItem-DefineItemCategoriesT.CODE-SPROHereweareactivatingcreditactivefield.STEP7A–AssignmentofcreditmanagementtoSalesdocuments(TcodeOVAK)Herewedefinetoeachdocumenttypewhethercreditcheckisrequired,ifrequiredwhetheritissimpleorautomatic,whichcreditgroupthedocumentbelongsto.STEP7B–Assignmentofcreditmanagementtodeliverydocuments(TcodeOVAD)Dlvcreditgroup:（交貨信貸組）是指創(chuàng)建交貨訂單時的信貸控制GIcreditgroup:發(fā)貨過賬時的信貸控制STEP8–MAINTENANCEOFAUTOMATICCREDITCONTROLT.CODE-OVA8Thisscreencontrolsalltheautomaticcreditmanagementsettings.Herewedefineautomaticcreditmanagementforcombinationsof:Creditcontrolarea+RiskCategory+CreditgroupThisscreenbasicallytellsthesystemhowtobehaveindifferentdocumentsfordifferenttypesofcustomers.Ex:Thecreditsettingsforahighriskcustomerinsalesordermaybedifferenttoalowriskcustomerinsalesorder.DetailScreenforDynamicCreditControlScreen…..靜態(tài)：打勾就是要進行靜態(tài)的信用檢查，靜態(tài)信貸檢查將分配給客戶的信貸限額與下列各項之和進行比較：所有未清銷售訂單的總價值+所有未清且沒有開票的交貨單的總價值+所有未清且沒有傳遞到會計處的出具發(fā)票單據(jù)的總價值+所有已經(jīng)傳遞到會計處的但客戶尚未付款的出具發(fā)票單據(jù)的總價值。響應(yīng)狀態(tài)：凍結(jié)：打上勾后超過信用額就凍結(jié)銷售定單（不能創(chuàng)建交貨單）動態(tài)信貸檢查將分配給客戶的信貸限額與下列各項之和進行比較：所有未清且未交貨的銷售訂單的總價值+所有未清且沒有開票的交貨單的總價值+所有未清且沒有傳遞到會計處的出具發(fā)票單據(jù)的總價值+所有已經(jīng)傳遞到會計處的但客戶尚未付款的出具發(fā)票單據(jù)的總價值。備注：動態(tài)信貸檢查有一個附加的時間周期，即如圖的展望期，其規(guī)定系統(tǒng)不包括在這個特定時間段之后創(chuàng)建的所有未清項目。E.g.1month。這樣，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)定義某個客戶的信用額度時，它包括了銷售訂單中所有未清的項目，但不包括發(fā)運日期在兩個月之后的未清項目。當(dāng)對信用額度采用動態(tài)信用額度檢查時，這里的信用有效期數(shù)據(jù)填入日期，可以產(chǎn)生作用。系統(tǒng)默認是設(shè)置的當(dāng)前日期Inthisdetailedviewscreenofautomaticcreditcontrolwecandefinemanysettings.Wecanassigndifferenttypesofcheckstobeperformed,assigndifferentreactions,thehorizonperiodtobeconsidered,Maxdocvalueetc.靜態(tài)和動態(tài)結(jié)合使用單據(jù)值：當(dāng)單據(jù)值超過最大憑證值時的信貸檢查。當(dāng)單據(jù)值超過信貸控制區(qū)域中規(guī)定的最大單據(jù)價值時執(zhí)行。如果希望凍結(jié)數(shù)目太大的訂單，就可以在此設(shè)置最大憑證值，然后再凍結(jié)處打“勾”就ok了。（根據(jù)響應(yīng)狀態(tài)的設(shè)置，凍結(jié)此單或不允許保存）（主要作用在一些為創(chuàng)建信貸主數(shù)據(jù)的客戶）。關(guān)鍵字段：如果用戶在銷售訂單中更改了客戶主記錄中與信貸有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵字段時，系統(tǒng)進行信貸檢查。如，客戶的付款條件等等。（系統(tǒng)提示關(guān)鍵字段更改）下一校驗日期：制定系統(tǒng)在下一個特定的日期進行信貸檢查。之前的銷售單據(jù)與之無關(guān)。NextReviewdate:每次創(chuàng)建定單,系統(tǒng)都會自行檢查信用額,而如果選擇此項,則系統(tǒng)就會跳到固定的檢查周期(Numberofdays)才進行檢查.比如當(dāng)天開始,Numberofdays天后進行一次檢查,檢查完之后,又從檢查完哪天開始,Numberofdays天后又進行一次檢查,循環(huán)進行.未清項目：即基于已過期的未清項目的信貸檢查?；谶^期很多天的未清項目占所有未清項目的比例的信貸檢查。逾期項目指超過指定天數(shù)，其所占比例不能超過一個特定的百分比。最早的未清項目：規(guī)定最早的未清項目不能超過指定的天數(shù)最高拖欠（催債）級：在相關(guān)字段中規(guī)定允許的最高拖欠級別，該拖欠級是可追蹤的，存儲在客戶主記錄和信貸相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)，系統(tǒng)的信貸檢查監(jiān)控客戶是否超過了該最高拖欠級。（客戶主數(shù)據(jù)，公司代碼數(shù)據(jù)，信函，催款層次，研究財務(wù)的這個功能）。用戶1/2/3：這些信貸檢查是自定義的，可以在用戶出口LVKMPTZZ和LVKMPFZ1中創(chuàng)建。Payer:Indicatesthatcreditchecksagainstopenitems,oldestopenitem,andthehighestdunninglevelarecarriedoutusingtheopenitemsandthedunninglevelofonlythecurrentpayer(andnotwithdatafromallpayerswhoareassignedtothecreditcustomer).（是否能夠多個客戶合用一個限額）Permitteddays/hours:Creditlimitseasonalfactor:因為旺季而增加客戶的信貸限額容查。Releaseddocumentsarestillunchecked:Yousetthedeviationfactorat10%.Anorderfor10boxesofamaterial(price=100USDperbox)hasatotalvalueof1,000USDandisapprovedforcredit.Thecustomerthencallsandwantstoaddadditionalboxestotheorder.Ifthiscausesthedeviationfactortoexceed10%,thesystemcarriesoutanothercreditcheck.STEP10-STEP9–CREATECUSTOMERCREDITMASTER.T.CODE-FD32ToCreateCustomerCreditmasterfillcustomer&creditcontrolareaandclicktooverviewfield.OnceyouenteryouwillgetDetailScreen….Inthisscreen