江西省臨川縣2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期12月月考試題含解析

Page242023—2024學(xué)年度高二年級(jí)上學(xué)期第三次月考英語試題分值：150分考試時(shí)間：120分鐘第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthemandonext?A.TurnofftheTV. B.Studywiththewoman. C.Watchamovie.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howoldisthewomannow?A.20yearsold. B.45yearsold. C.65yearsold.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatissmallforthewoman?A.TheT-shirt. B.Thehat. C.Theskirt.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thefilmisterrible. B.Thefilmcanbeseenonline. C.Thefilmisworththemoney.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Atahospital. C.Atadrugstore.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemanlikeabouthishometown?A.It’sreallyverybig. B.Ithascolorfulnightlife. C.It’snotexpensivetolivethere.7Whatistheweatherlikeinthefallintheman’shometown?A.Sunny. B.Cold. C.Wet.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whattimewastheplaneoriginallyscheduledtoleave?A.At3:00. B.At4:00. C.At5:00.9Whyisthewomanworried?A.Theweatherisbad. B.Thereportisnotfinished. C.Anappointmentwillbedelayed.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whydoestheman’sbrothergototheman’splace?A.Tostudy. B.Towork. C.Totravel.11.Wheredoesthemanworkinthemorning?A.Atauniversity. B.Atarestaurant. C.Atabookstore.12.Whatlanguageisthewomanstarting?A.French. B.Spanish. C.Japanese.【答案】10.C11.B12.C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whatjobtodointhefuture.B.Whichprofessortofollow.C.Whatabilitiestopossess.14.Whatsubjectdoesthemanprobablyprefer?A.History. B.Politics. C.Art.15.Whatdothewoman’sparentsexpecthertobe?A.Arestaurantmanager. B.Apolitician. C.Ateacher.16.Whatisthewomangoodatdoing?A.Dealingwithpeople. B.Workingwithkids. C.Paintingpictures.【答案】13.A14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.HowdidtheservantsdealwiththeirearningsinVictoriantimes?A.Theypaidforthehousing.B.Theyboughtfoodandclothes.C.Theysentthemtotheirfamilies.18.Whatwasanurse’smainduty?A.Cookingmeals. B.Lookingafterchildren. C.Educatingchildren.19.HowdidtheVictorianupperclassparentstreattheirchildrenactually?A.Cruelly. B.Kindly. C.Strictly.20.Whatwillthespeakertalkaboutnext?A.Lowerclassfamilies.B.Upperclasschildren’ssituation.C.Comparisonsbetweenupperandlowerclasses.【答案】17.C18.B19.B20.A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFoodfestivalsareacommonoccurrenceintheUKandtakeplaceinallsortsofplacesandatallsortsoftimes.Whateveryourtaste,there’safoodfestivaltomatch—nomatterhowspecialized.1.MeatopiaThisthree-day,London-basedfestivaltakesplaceattheendofAugustandisameatlover’sparadise.Inadditiontoarangeoflegallysourcedmeatproducts,fromjuicyburgerstotendersteaks,attendeescanlistentolivemusic,watchbutcherydemonstrations,andattendinformalmeat-basedworkshops.2.TheNationalHoneyShowIfyouhaveasweettooth,thenitcouldbethattheNationalHoneyShow,whichstartedin1921andisthelargesteventofitskind,istheplaceforyoutobe.Thisthree-dayeventattractsmanylocalentrieswhoshowcasetheirsweetgoldenhoney,someofwhichissoldglobally.3.TheOrangeSauceFestivalHaveyouheardaboutafestivalthatisdevotedonlytoorangesauce?HeldinCumbria,thissweet,fragrantfestivalhasbeenrunningfor3years.Whatattractspeoplemostisacompetitiontofindthebesthomemadeorangesauce.Therearethousandsofparticipantsfromover30differentcountriesacrosstheglobe,bringingtheirlocalsnackstosharehere.4.TheGingerandSpiceFestivalIfyou’dprefersomethingwithalittlemorekicktoit,thenyoucouldattendTheGinger(姜)andSpiceFestivalheldinMarketDrayton.Unlikeotherfoodfestivals,itcelebratesitstown’shistoricconnectiontoRobertClive,whoreturnedfromIndiawithginger.Becauseofthis,theyspecializeinbakinggingerbread,butalsosellarangeoftraditionalspicesfrommildtohot.21.WhatdoMeatopiaandtheNationalHoneyShowhaveincommon?A.Bothofthemlastforthreedays. B.Bothofthemholdworkshops.C.BothofthemoriginatedfromLondon. D.Bothofthemhavealonghistory.22.Ifyouareinterestedinforeignfood,whichfestivaldoyoulikebest?A.TheMeatopia. B.TheGingerandSpiceFestival.C.TheNationalHoneyShow. D.TheOrangeSauceFestival.23.WhatisspecialabouttheGingerandSpiceFestival?A.Ithassomethingtodowithahistoricfigure.B.ThegingerusedinthefestivalisfromIndia.C.Itsellsspicyfood.D.ThefoodiscookedbyRobertClive.【答案】21.A22.D23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了英國四個(gè)著名的美食節(jié)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Meatopia中的第一句話“Thisthree-day,London-basedfestivaltakesplaceattheendofAugustandisameatlover’sparadise.(這個(gè)為期三天、總部位于倫敦的節(jié)日將于8月底舉行，是肉食愛好者的天堂)”以及TheNationalHoneyShow中最后一句話“Thisthree-dayeventattractsmanylocalentrieswhoshowcasetheirsweetgoldenhoney,someofwhichissoldglobally.(這項(xiàng)為期三天的活動(dòng)吸引了許多當(dāng)?shù)貐①愓撸麄冋故玖怂麄兊奶鸾鸱涿?，其中一些在全球銷售)”可知，Meatopia和theNationalHoneyShow共同之處在于，這兩個(gè)美食節(jié)的時(shí)長都是三天。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheOrangeSauceFestival中最后一句話“Therearethousandsofparticipantsfromover30differentcountriesacrosstheglobe,bringingtheirlocalsnackstosharehere.(來自全球30多個(gè)不同國家數(shù)千名參與者帶著他們當(dāng)?shù)氐男〕栽谶@里分享)”可知，因?yàn)橛衼碜匀?0多個(gè)國家的數(shù)千名參與者帶著他們的當(dāng)?shù)匦〕栽谶@里分享，所以如果對(duì)外國食物感興趣，可以去TheOrangeSauceFestival。故選D。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGingerandSpiceFestival中的第二句話“Unlikeotherfoodfestivals,itcelebratesitstown’shistoricconnectiontoRobertClive,whoreturnedfromIndiawithginger.(與其他美食節(jié)不同，它慶祝小鎮(zhèn)與羅伯特·克萊夫的歷史聯(lián)系，后者從印度帶著生姜回來)”可知，因?yàn)楹蜌v史人物有關(guān)系，所以theGingerandSpice美食節(jié)很特別。故選A。BOpeningthepagesofLiubaDrawsBeijingtakesyouonafascinatingvisualjourneythroughtheheartofChina’sbusycapitalcity.Withinitslivelywatercolors,traditionalhutong,thegrandSummerPalace,andthecontemporarycharmofBeijing’sSanlitunand798ArtDistrictallcomealivethroughtheartisticlensofLiubaVladimirova,morefamouslyknownasLiubaDraws.Vladimirova’sjourneyfromtheicySiberiancityofIrkutsktothevitalBeijingstartedduringhercollegeyears,whenshecommencedwithanacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang,inNortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince.ItwasduringthistransformativeperiodthatshefirstsetfootinBeijing.Sincethen,heraffectionforthecityhasbeenundeniable.Vladimirova’spathasanartistwasfarfromlinear(直線).SincechildhoodVladimirovahasdevelopedalovefordrawingandpainting.However,shepursuedadifferentacademicandprofessionalroute,studyingChineseandinternationaltradeincollegeandlaterworkingintraderelationsbetweenRussiaandChina,noneofwhichwasdirectlyconnectedtotheworldofart.Yet,Vladimirova’sinnerartistremainedalive.In2015,VladimirovabegancraftingaseriesofillustrationscenteredaroundBeijing,properlynamed“TheBeijingCalendar”.WhatattractsVladimirovamostisBeijing’shistorichutong.Thesenarrowalleyways,richinhistoryandculture,serveasawellspring(源泉)ofinspirationforherartistry.Vladimirova’sabilitytocatchthesehiddensmalldifferenceslikelycomesfromheruniqueperspectiveasan“outsider”—someonewhodidn’tgrowupinBeijing.Thisfreshperspectiveallowedhertoarriveinthecitywithfresheyesandaneagerheart,readytoembraceanewculture.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“commencedwith”meaninparagraph2?A.Improved. B.Began. C.Resisted. D.Assessed.25.WhatdoweknowaboutVladimirovafromparagraph3?A.Shegaveupherdream. B.Shewonmanyartprizesseveralyearsago.C.Shewashardworkingoverherchildhood. D.Shedelayedherartisticcareer.26.Whydoestheauthormentionhutong?A.TopraiseBeijing’sarchitecture. B.ToshowtheinspirationofVladimirova’sartmaking.C.Tostatethemaincontentsofanartbook. D.ToadvisetouriststovisitBeijing.27.WhichstatementbestsummarizesVladimirova’ssuccess?A.Curiosityworkswonders. B.Hardworkpaysoffintime.C.Theworldisdiverseandlively. D.Paintinghasnonationalboundaries.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章介紹了胡同里的外國藝術(shù)家俄羅斯插畫師LiubaVladimirova以及她用水彩為北京手繪的“紀(jì)念冊(cè)”——《Liuba畫北京》?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線部分所在句中的“Vladimirova’sjourneyfromtheicySiberiancityofIrkutsktothevitalBeijingstartedduringhercollegeyears(弗拉基米羅娃從冰冷的西伯利亞城市伊爾庫茨克到充滿活力的北京的旅程始于她的大學(xué)時(shí)代)”可知，Vladimirova在上大學(xué)時(shí)來到北京；由劃線部分所在從句“whenshe

commencedwith

anacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang,inNortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince(當(dāng)時(shí)她commencedwith一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)交流項(xiàng)目，將她所在的俄羅斯大學(xué)與中國東北遼寧省沈陽的遼寧大學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。)”以及下文“ItwasduringthistransformativeperiodthatshefirstsetfootinBeijing.(正是在這一變革時(shí)期，她第一次踏上了北京的土地。)”可知，她由于在大學(xué)期間來到遼寧大學(xué)開始學(xué)術(shù)交流項(xiàng)目而有機(jī)會(huì)去北京；“she

commencedwith

anacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang”表達(dá)的意思為“她開始了她的俄羅斯大學(xué)與沈陽遼寧大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)交流項(xiàng)目”，“commencedwith”意為“開始”，與B選項(xiàng)began表達(dá)意思一致。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Vladimirova’spathasanartistwasfarfromlinear(直線的).SincechildhoodVladimirovahasdevelopedalovefordrawingandpainting.However,shepursuedadifferentacademicandprofessionalroute,studyingChineseandinternationaltradeincollegeandlaterworkingintraderelationsbetweenRussiaandChina,noneofwhichwasdirectlyconnectedtotheworldofart.Yet,Vladimirova’sinnerartistremainedalive.(Vladimirova作為藝術(shù)家的道路遠(yuǎn)非直線的。Vladimirova從小就對(duì)繪畫和繪畫產(chǎn)生了熱愛。然而，她追求不同的學(xué)術(shù)和專業(yè)路線，在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中國和國際貿(mào)易，后來從事中俄貿(mào)易關(guān)系方面的工作，這些都與藝術(shù)界沒有直接聯(lián)系。然而，Vladimirova內(nèi)心的藝術(shù)家仍然活著。)”可知，盡管Vladimirova從小就對(duì)繪畫和繪畫產(chǎn)生了熱愛，但是她在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中國和國際貿(mào)易，并從事中俄貿(mào)易關(guān)系方面的工作；由此可知，她一開始從事的是與藝術(shù)沒有聯(lián)系的工作，后來才從事藝術(shù)行業(yè)，她推遲了她的藝術(shù)生涯。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In2015,VladimirovabegancraftingaseriesofillustrationscenteredaroundBeijing,properlynamed“TheBeijingCalendar”.WhatattractsVladimirovamostisBeijing’shistorichutong.Thesenarrowalleyways,richinhistoryandculture,serveasawellspring(源泉)ofinspirationforherartistry.(2015年，Vladimirova開始創(chuàng)作一系列以北京為中心的插圖，并將其命名為“北京日歷”。最吸引Vladimirova的是北京歷史悠久的胡同。這些歷史文化豐富的窄巷是她藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作靈感的源泉。)”可知，最吸引Vladimirova的是北京歷史悠久的胡同，歷史文化豐富的窄巷是她藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作靈感的源泉；由此可知，作者提到胡同是為了展示Vladimirova藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的靈感。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)最后一段“Vladimirova’sabilitytocatchthesehiddensmalldifferenceslikelycomesfromheruniqueperspectiveasan“outsider”—someonewhodidn’tgrowupinBeijing.Thisfreshperspectiveallowedhertoarriveinthecitywithfresheyesandaneagerheart,readytoembraceanewculture.(Vladimirova能夠捕捉到這些隱藏的細(xì)微差異，可能是因?yàn)樗鳛橐粋€(gè)‘局外人’——一個(gè)不在北京長大的人——的獨(dú)特視角。這種全新的視角讓她帶著全新的眼光和渴望的心來到這座城市，準(zhǔn)備接受一種新的文化。)”可知，Vladimirova的展示北京的繪畫之所以如此成功是她對(duì)這座城市充滿好奇心，以一個(gè)“局外人”的身份帶著全新的眼光和渴望的心來到北京，以全新的視角去接受一種新的文化；A選項(xiàng)“Curiosityworkswonders.(好奇心能創(chuàng)造奇跡。)”能夠最好地概括Vladimirova的成功。故選A。CIngardensacrossBritainthegrasshasstoppedgrowing,whichisnotdrought-stricken.Infact,itisgreenerandcleanerthaneverbefore.Thatisbecausethelawns(草坪)areactuallyartificialsubstitutes.Britonsarefascinatedbylawns.Countryestates(莊園)havelongcompetedtohavethemostperfectlycutandpolishedgrassland.“Whatyou’resayinginbigloudcapitalletters,is‘I’msoterriblywealthy’”saysFionaDavisonoftheRHS(皇家園林協(xié)會(huì)).Withthecomingofgrass-cuttingmachinesin1830,themiddleclassesjoinedthefun.ButnowBritonshavefalleninlovewithartificialgrass.EvergreensUK,whichsellsthestuff,saysithasseena120%riseinsalessince2015.Artificialgrassispopularwithfamilieswhohavechildrenordogsanddon’twantmuddraggedthroughtheirhouses.Ithasanothercharmfactor,too—peoplenowseegardensas“outsiderooms”—pairingcarpetsofartificialgrasswithdelicatelydecoratedseatingandhotcontainers.Noteveryoneisafan.Artificialgrasscontainsmicroplasticsthatruinsoilandriskflooding.Astudyfindscarthwormsgain14%lessbodyweightwhenoperatingunderrubber,aformofartificialgrass,whichmightnotbeaproblemforitsfans,aswormholesareregulardisgustingthings,butitdisappointsgreentypes.MsDavisonsaysagroupofwildlife-lovinggardenersisblooming,manyhavingcaughtthebugduringCOVID-19lockdowns.Forexample,alandscapedesignersaystheylikethingslessneatandtry“tocapturethatwildclement”.Thesecco-gardenersareinfluencedbyrewildingprojectsandaremorelikelytobeenvironmentalists.Whilethreewrittendocumentssignedbymanypeoplehavetriedtostopartificialgrassspreading,thegovernmentsaysregulatingwhatpeopledointheirbackyardsiswrong.TheRHSisconcernedaboutartificialgrass,butpreferspersuasiontolaws.“Wesay‘Letahundredflowersbloom’,”saysMsDavison.28.WhatcanbeinferredfromDavison’sremarkinparagraph2?A.Sheisveryrich. B.Thegardeningcompetitionisfierce.C.Operatingacuttingmachineisfun. D.High-qualitygrasslandisgreatlyvalued.29.Whatpossiblycontributestothepopularityofartificialgrass?A.Advertisingcampaigns. B.Gardens’newfunction.C.Messygrasslands. D.Ill-manneredchildrenanddogs.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bug”meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Interest. B.Earthworm. C.Flower. D.Virus.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthetext?A.ThebarrierofBritishgrasslandB.TheappealofgrasslandforBritonsC.ThefighttodefinethegreatBritishgardenD.Thecompetitiontobecomethebestgrassland【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了英國人對(duì)草坪著迷，不過真草皮和人造草皮都有粉絲，政府和園林協(xié)會(huì)到底支持哪一方并不明確，這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論仍將持續(xù)下去?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Britonsarefascinatedbylawns.Countryestateshavelongcompetedtohavethemostperfectlycutandpolishedgrassland.Whatyou’resayinginbigloudcapitalletters,is‘I’msoterriblywealthy’（英國人對(duì)草坪著迷。鄉(xiāng)村莊園長期以來一直在比拼誰擁有最完美切割和打磨的草坪。你在大肆宣揚(yáng)的是‘我真是太富有了！’）”可知，人們覺得擁有完美草坪就是一種富有,說明人們很重視此事，即高品質(zhì)的草坪備受推崇。故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Artificialgrassispopularwithfamilieswhohavechildrenordogsanddon’twantmuddraggedthroughtheirhouses.Ithasanothercharmfactor,too—peoplenowseegardensas“outsiderooms”—pairingcarpetsofartificialgrasswithdelicatelydecoratedseatingandhotcontainers.（人造草坪很受有孩子或狗的家庭的歡迎，他們不想讓泥土進(jìn)入他們的房子。它還有另一個(gè)魅力因素：人們現(xiàn)在將花園視為“室外房間”，將人造草地毯與裝飾精美的座椅和熱容器配對(duì)）”可知，人造草坪可以避免孩子和狗把泥巴帶入到房間里弄臟地面以及它可以充當(dāng)室外房間的功能有助于人造草坪的普及，即花園的新功能有助于人造草坪的普及。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段的“MsDavisonsaysagroupofwildlife-lovinggardenersisblooming.（MsDavison說熱愛野生動(dòng)物的做園藝活的人越來越多）”可知，這些人是在疫情封鎖期間開始對(duì)做園藝活感興趣的，因此interest一詞可以解釋劃線詞。catchtheinterest：勾起（某人的）興趣。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“ButnowBritonshavefalleninlovewithartificialgrass.（但現(xiàn)在英國人已經(jīng)愛上了人造草）”可知，人造草皮有它的粉絲；根據(jù)第四段的“Noteveryoneisafan.（不是每個(gè)人都是粉絲）”可知，有的人并不喜歡人造草皮；由此可知，真草皮和人造草皮都有粉絲。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilethreewrittendocumentssignedbymanypeoplehavetriedtostopartificialgrassspreading,thegovernmentsaysregulatingwhatpeopledointheirbackyardsiswrong.TheRHSisconcernedaboutartificialgrass,butpreferspersuasiontolaws.“Wesay‘Letahundredflowersbloom’,”saysMsDavison.（雖然許多人簽署的三份書面文件試圖阻止人造草的蔓延，但政府表示，規(guī)范人們?cè)诤笤旱男袨槭清e(cuò)誤的?；始覉@林協(xié)會(huì)關(guān)注人造草，但更喜歡去做說服工作而不是采取法律手段解決問題。MsDavison說：“就讓百花齊放吧”?。庇纱丝芍蛨@林協(xié)會(huì)到底支持哪一方并不明確。因此C項(xiàng)（一場(chǎng)定義好的英國花園的斗爭(zhēng)）可以作為標(biāo)題。故選C。DInspiredbylivingsystems,researchersatAaltoUniversityhavedevelopedanewmaterialthatcanchangeitselectricalbehaviourbasedonpreviousexperience,effectivelygivingitabasicformofadaptivememory.Suchadaptivematerialscouldplayavitalroleinthenextgenerationofmedicalandenvironmentalsensors,aswellasinsoftrobotsoractivesurfaces.Responsivematerialshavebecomecommoninarangeofapplications,fromglassesthatdarkeninsunlighttodrugdeliverysystems.Butexistingmaterialsalwaysreactinthesameway:Theirresponsetoachangedoesn’tdependontheirhistory,nordotheyadaptbasedontheirpast.Thisisfundamentallydifferentfromlivingsystems,whichdynamicallyadapttheirbehaviourbasedonpreviousconditions.“Oneofthenextbigchallengesinmaterialscienceistodeveloptrulysmartmaterialsinspiredbylivingorganisms.Wewanttodevelopamaterialthatwouldadjustitsbehaviourbasedonitshistory,”saidBoPeng,anacademyresearchfellowatAaltoUniversity,whowasoneoftheseniorauthorsofthisstudy.Theresearcherssynthesized(合成)micrometre-sizedmagneticbeads(磁珠)whichwerethenstimulatedbyamagneticfield.Whenthemagnetwason,thebeadsstackeduptoformpillars.Thestrengthofthemagneticfieldaffectstheshapeofthepillars,whichinturnaffectshowwelltheyconductelectricity.“Withthissystem,wecoupledthemagneticfieldstimulus(刺激)andtheelectricalresponse.Interestingly,wefoundthattheelectricalconductivitydependedonwhetherwevariedthemagneticfieldrapidlyorslowly.Thatmeantthattheelectricalresponsedependedonthehistoryofthemagneticfield.Theelectricalbehaviourwasalsodifferentifthemagneticfieldwasincreasingordecreasing,explainsPeng.Inthefuture,therecouldbeevenmorematerialsthatarealgorithmically(在算法上)inspiredbylife-likeproperties,thoughtheywon’tinvolvethefullcomplexityofbiologicalsystems.Suchmaterialswillbecentraltothenextgenerationofsoftrobotsandformedicalandenvironmentalmonitoring.32.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.B.Togiveadefinitiontothenewmaterial.C.Tomakeacomparisonwithexistingmaterials.D.TostresstheimportanceoftheAaltoUniversity’sresearch.33.WhatdoesPeng’swordsinparagraph3mean?A.Theywanttodevelopbettermaterials.B.Theydependonpreviousconditionstoomuch.C.Theyarefacingchallengesfromotheruniversities.D.Theycan’tmaketrulysmartmaterialsfromhistory.34.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinthelastsentence?A.Themethodofmakingthenewmaterial.B.Theapplicationofthenewmaterial.C.Thewayofmakingthenewmaterial.D.Thecomplexityofbiologicalsystems.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ResponsivematerialsthathavebecomecommonB.NextgenerationmaterialthatadaptstoitshistoryC.ThenextbigchallengethatfacesmaterialscienceD.Theelectricalbehaviourthatdependsonthemagneticfield【答案】32.A33.A34.B35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。AaltoUniversity的研究人員開發(fā)了一種新材料，這種材料可以根據(jù)之前的條件改變其電行為，有效的賦予自身一種基本形式的自適應(yīng)記憶?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Inspiredbylivingsystems,researchersatAaltoUniversityhavedevelopedanewmaterialthatcanchangeitselectricalbehaviourbasedonpreviousexperience,effectivelygivingitabasicformofadaptivememory.(受生命系統(tǒng)的啟發(fā)，阿爾托大學(xué)的研究人員開發(fā)了一種新材料，可以根據(jù)以前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)改變其電行為，有效地賦予其基本形式的適應(yīng)性記憶。)”并通讀全文可知，文章將介紹這種新材料，作者寫第一段的目的是介紹文章主題，故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中““Oneofthenextbigchallengesinmaterialscienceistodeveloptrulysmartmaterialsinspiredbylivingorganisms.Wewanttodevelopamaterialthatwouldadjustitsbehaviourbasedonitshistory,”saidBoPeng,anacademyresearchfellowatAaltoUniversity,whowasoneoftheseniorauthorsofthisstudy.(“材料科學(xué)的下一個(gè)重大挑戰(zhàn)之一是開發(fā)受生物體啟發(fā)的真正智能材料。我們希望開發(fā)一種材料，根據(jù)其歷史調(diào)整其行為，“阿爾托大學(xué)學(xué)院研究員BoPeng說，他是這項(xiàng)研究的資深作者之一。)”可知，彭博士表示他們希望開發(fā)一種材料，能夠根據(jù)其歷史調(diào)整其行為的智能材料，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Suchmaterialswillbecentraltothenextgenerationofsoftrobotsandformedicalandenvironmentalmonitoring.(這些材料將成為下一代軟體機(jī)器人以及醫(yī)療和環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)的核心。)”可知，作者想展示新材料的應(yīng)用，故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，AaltoUniversity的研究人員開發(fā)了一種新材料，這種新材料可以根據(jù)之前的條件改變其電行為，能夠根據(jù)其歷史調(diào)整其行為的智能材料，因此，選項(xiàng)B“適應(yīng)歷史的新一代材料”。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Oneoftheproblemsdamagingourplanetisthenumberofthingswethrowaway.Amorerecentadditiontothelistofthingswethrowawayise-waste—electronicitemsthatarebrokenandnotrecycled.____36____,butalsobecausewelacktheskillstorepairthemevenifweknowtheirvalue.Manymillionsoftonsoftelevisions,phones,andotherelectronicequipmentareabandonedeachyear.AUNreportclaimsthe50milliontonsofe-wastegeneratedeveryyearwillmorethandoubleto110milliontonsby2050,makingitthefastestgrowingwastestreamintheworld.____37____.Recently,there’sagrowingtrendforrepaireventsandclubswhichcouldbepartofasolutiontothegrowingamountofelectricalandelectronicjunk.TheBBCvisitedaRestartProjectinLondon,whichisoneofmanyfoundaroundtheworld.Oneofitsoperators,FrancescoCalo,saidthat“Thisprojectmakestotalsense.____38____.Besides,ithelpspeoplewhocannotaffordtogetridofitemsthathavedevelopedafault.”____39____.AnexperimentattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextracting(提取)thesematerialsfromelectronicgadgets(小工具).Apartfromjustbeingrecycled,theEuropeanUnion,forexample,istryingtoencouragemanufacturerstoreusesomeextractedelectroniccomponents.____40____.Withphonestypicallycontainingasmanyas60elements,thiscouldbepartofthesolutiontoourappetitefornewtechnology.A.Firstofall,thisprojectprolongsthelifeofelectricobjectsB.Itispartlybecauseit’scheapertoreplacethemthanfixthemC.ItisreportedthatmanypeoplehavemadeabigfortunefromitD.Nowsolutionshavebeenputforwardtogivethise-wasteanewlifeE.Soit’sthoughtthatdoingthiscouldbemoreprofitablethantraditionalrecyclingF.Asmanyelectricalitemscontainvaluablemetals,anothersolutionise-wasteminingG.Oneofthereasonsisthatpeopledon’tthinktheirelectronicitemsarefashionableenough【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何處理日益增多的電子垃圾的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下句“butalsobecausewelacktheskillstorepairthemevenifweknowtheirvalue.(而且是因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)狈μ幚黼娮永募夹g(shù)，即使我們知道他們的價(jià)值)”可知，空格處在分析我們不能處理電子垃圾的其它一些原因。因此B.Itispartlybecauseit’scheapertoreplacethemthanfixthem(部分原因是替換它們比修理要便宜)符合語境。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上句“AUNreportclaimsthe50milliontonsofe-wastegeneratedeveryyearwillmorethandoubleto110milliontonsby2050,makingitthefastestgrowingwastestreamintheworld.(聯(lián)合國報(bào)道每年電子垃圾可達(dá)到500萬噸，到2050年將翻倍。使之成為世界上增長最快的廢物)”可知，電子垃圾如此之多，我們必須相處解決的具體辦法。因此D.Nowsolutionshavebeenputforwardtogivethise-wasteanewlife(現(xiàn)在方案已經(jīng)被提出去給這種電子廢料以新生)符合語境。故選D。【38題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Thisprojectmakestotalsense.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目完全有意義)”以及下句“Besides,”可知，空格處在分析這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的具體意義。因此A.Firstofall,thisprojectprolongsthelifeofelectricobjects(首先，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能延長電子物體的壽命)符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下句“AnexperimentattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextracting(提取)thesematerialsfromelectronicgadgets(小工具).(在新南威爾士大學(xué)開展的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：可以從電子小工具中提取這些材料)”可知，要找到處理電子垃圾的新辦法去獲取可利用的材料。因此F.Asmanyelectricalitemscontainvaluablemetals,anothersolutionise-wastemining(由于許多電子產(chǎn)品包含有價(jià)值的金屬，找到處理電子垃圾的新方法就是一種方案)符合語境。故選F。【40題詳解】根據(jù)上句“theEuropeanUnionistryingtoencouragemanufacturerstoreusesomeextractedelectroniccomponents.(歐盟一直鼓勵(lì)制造商去重新使用一些電子原件)”以及下句“Withphonestypicallycontainingasmanyas60elements,(由于手機(jī)包含多達(dá)60種元素)”可知，有效利用舊的電子原件收益更大。E.Soit’sthoughtthatdoingthiscouldbemoreprofitablethantraditionalrecycling(因此，這樣做可能比傳統(tǒng)的循環(huán)利用要更加盈利)符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnRenae’s14thbirthday,hergrandmothersurprisedherwithagraypuppynamedChloe.Itwassuchacute___41___thatshefellinlovewithitatfirstsightandthetwowereinseparable.___42___,herfatherdevelopedaseriousillness,andthedoctordidn’trecommend___43___hairypetsathome.Withnoother___44___,thefamilyhadtosendChloetoananimalshelter,___45___aboutwhetherthedogwouldfindagoodowner.Yearslater,Renae___46___apostonFacebookaboutaseniordogneedinganew___47___.Theolddoginthe___48___lookedalotlikeChloe-shewasevennamedChloe.Shedecided___49___thatshewouldtakethisdoghome.WhenshemetChloe,Renaewasstruckwitha(n)____50____feeling.“Sheranuptomeandstartedlickingmyface,”shesays.Chloe____51____Renaesomuchofherolddogthatshecanhardly____52____herself.Still,eightyearshadpassedsinceRenaelastsawChloe,sothefamiliarityseemedtobemorelikewishfulthinking.Butit____53____herthatherChloehadbeenimplantedamicrochipasapuppy.ShefoundtheIDnumber,andthenRenaetookhernewChloetothevettobescanned.Sureenough,shealsohadamicrochip,andthenumberswerea____54____.Renaeis____55____tohaveherback.“IfeltlikeI’dwonthelottery,”shesays.41.A.creature B.species C.focus D.character42.A.Occasionally B.Obviously C.Unfortunately D.Eventually43.A.touching B.bringing C.buying D.raising44.A.option B.decision C.schedule D.intention45.A.certain B.hesitant C.concerned D.aware46.A.lookedfor B.cameacross C.putup D.setdown47.A.mate B.partner C.colleague D.home48.A.photo B.memory C.distance D.poster49.A.afterawhile B.forthemoment C.onthespot D.inahurry50.A.awkward B.familiar C.embarrassing D.sinking51.A.cheated B.reminded C.informed D.warned52.A.forgive B.trust C.bury D.contain53.A.hit B.upset C.disappointed D.attacked54.A.evidence B.shock C.match D.contrast55.A.keen B.overjoyed C.confident D.inspired【答案】41.A42.C43.D44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.C50.B51.B52.D53.A54.C55.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作者小時(shí)候，她的的祖母送給她一只小狗，但是因?yàn)楦赣H病重，不得不把它送走，最后又找回了它的故事。【41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它是如此可愛的動(dòng)物，以至于她對(duì)它一見鐘情，兩人形影不離。A.creature動(dòng)物，生物；B.species物種；C.focus中心點(diǎn)；D.character性格。根據(jù)上文“OnRenae’s14thbirthday,hergrandmothersurprisedherwithagraypuppynamedChloe.”可知，作者的祖母給她送了一條小狗，所以是可愛的動(dòng)物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，她的父親得了一場(chǎng)重病，醫(yī)生不建議在家里養(yǎng)毛茸茸的寵物。A.Occasionally偶爾地；B.Obviously明顯地；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Eventually最后。根據(jù)后文“herfatherdevelopedaseriousillness”可知，作者的父親得了重病，所以是不幸的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，她的父親得了一場(chǎng)重病，醫(yī)生不建議在家里養(yǎng)毛茸茸的寵物。A.touching觸摸；B.bringing帶來；C.buying買；D.raising飼養(yǎng)。根據(jù)后文“thefamilyhadtosendChloetoananimalshelter”可知，貓不得不被送走了，所以是醫(yī)生不建議在家里養(yǎng)毛茸茸的寵物。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在別無選擇的情況下，這家人不得不把克洛伊送到動(dòng)物收容所，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心這只狗能否找到一個(gè)好主人。A.option選項(xiàng)，選擇；B.decision決定；C.schedule工作計(jì)劃；D.inte