UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION單元綜合檢測提升練（含答案）高中英語核心要點突破和檢測（人教版2019）

UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION綜合檢測提升練（含答案）單詞練。根據(jù)語境和漢語意思填合適的單詞，注意單詞變形。1.Third，reusablegarbageshould__________(回收利用)asmuchaspossible.2.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnatural__________(資源)wisely.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)3.Though__________(缺乏)money，hisfamilylivedanenjoyablelife.4.Heheadedtothebar，__________(示意)tothegirlthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign__________(發(fā)起)bythepany.5.Asweallknow，YangLiweiandWangYapingarefamous__________(宇航員)inChina.6.YuanLongpingmadesuchagreatcontributionto__________(人類)thathewasrespectedandadmiredbypeopleallovertheworld.派生單詞練。語法填空1.ShemanagedasmilewhenIsteppedovertoher，andmyanger，__________(disappoint)andheartbreakfadedaway.2.Inaddition，takeanactivepartinthevoluntaryactivities__________(launch)bytheoceanorganizations.(2022·全國甲卷)3.WhatcountsisthatIcan’twaittoearnsomepocketmoneytoprovemy__________(independent).4.Thedesire__________(win)gloryfortheircountryimpelstheathletestotraindiligently.5.Bytakingexercise__________(regular)，Ihavegrownhealthynotonlyphysically，butalso__________(mental)inthepastyears.6.Just9%ofglobalplasticwaste__________(recycle).Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution.(2021·全國乙卷)7.Itis__________(universe)acknowledgedthatwealthdoesn’tnecessarilymeanhappiness.8.Whenaskedwhetherhewas__________tobeanastronaut，theboyjustlookedatmewith__________.(determine)9.An__________aboutwhetherpeopleshouldcarryonwithspaceexplorationtookplaceattheconferenceandsomepeople__________thatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonit.(argue)10.Aperson’slifeis__________butknowledgeis__________.(limit)三、短語練。根據(jù)語境填合適的短語。1.Allpassengers__________areexpectedtofastentheseatbeltswhentheplanetakesoffandlands.2.Mankindisexploringspace__________findingoutmoreabouttheuniverse.3.Researchhasshownthathavingapreferenceforjunkfoodcan__________obesity.4.__________，exploringspaceprovidestheworldwithmanydifferentbenefits.5.Wefinallyreachedasmallhotelbutunfortunately，wefoundourmoney__________.四、句型練。1.句型公式：be＋adj./n.＋todo他有很多朋友，因為他容易相處。Hehasmanyfriendsbecause____________________.2.句型公式：狀語從句的省略在準(zhǔn)備比賽時，你需要對中國故事有很多了解。____________________，youneedtohavemuchknowledgeaboutChinesestories.3.句型公式：the＋序數(shù)詞(＋n.)＋動詞不定式我真的很想采訪楊利偉，因為他不僅是第一個去太空的中國人，還是世界上最偉大的宇航員之一。IwouldreallyliketointerviewYangLiweibecauseheisnotonly____________________butalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld.五、話題閱讀練。閱讀理解AThemostwonderfulspacemuseumsNationalMuseumoftheU.S.AirForce|DaytonIfyourmaininterestslieinmilitaryaviation,thismuseumwillhaveeverythingyou’veeverwantedtosee.ItfeaturesexhibitsonWorldWarII,theKoreanWar,theSoutheastAsiaWarandtheColdWar.They’vealsogotaMissileGalleryaswellasaSpaceGallerywherevisitorscanwalkinsideafullsizereproductionofaNASAshuttle(航天飛機).Mostimpressively,itistotallyfreetovisitors.SmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum|WashingtonHousing60,000airandspacecollections,themuseumenablesvisitorstolearnabouttherichhistoryofaviation(航空)byviewingthefirstsuccessfulaircraft(飛機)—the1903WrightFlyer—andeverythingthatcamenext.FrompilotuniformstoNASAspacesuits,enginesandequipment,you’llfinditallatthismuseum.U.S.SpaceandRocketCenter|HuntsvilleSpacefansknowthismuseumtobethesiteoftheoriginalSpaceCamp,includingthefilmbythesamename,butthere’splentymoretoseehere.TheCenterhasanumberofexhibitsbothindoorsandoutandmanyplayareasforyoungerkids.3Dmoviesandlivescienceshowsaddtotheappeal.PimaAir&SpaceMuseum|TucsonTheprivatelyfundedmuseumhasbeeninoperationforover40yearsandhasover300historicaircraftondisplay.You’llalsofindseveralexhibitsthatrangefromseaplanesandaircraftcarrierstopaperairplanesandwomeninflight.Oneofthebiggestdraws,though,isitsextensive“boneyard”,acollectionofover4,000U.S.governmentandmilitaryaircraftthatareeitherbeingrecycledorregenerated.1．Whichmuseumhousesthefirstaircraftinhistory?A．PimaAir&SpaceMuseum.B．SmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.C．NationalMuseumoftheU.S.AirForce.D．U.S.SpaceandRocketCenter.2．WhatdoweknowabouttheNationalMuseumoftheU.S.AirForce?A．Ithasahistoryof40years.B．Itchargesasmallentrancefee.C．Itorganizesspacecampseveryyear.D．Ithasashuttleofthesamesizeasarealone.3．Whereisthemuseumfamousforits“boneyard”?A．Huntsville. B．Dayton. C．Tucson. D．Washington.BAfterdecadesofexploringthemoon,adramaticvisionisfinallybeingreality.TheGuardianrecentlyreportedthataprojectcalledLunarCodexisplanningtosendandstoreover30,000worksonthemoonfromartists,writers,filmmakers,andmusiciansfromover150countriesandregions.Thegoodstobestoredrangefromnovelsandpaintingstomusic,films，andevensoilfromEarth.Infact,thisisnotthefirsttimethatpeoplehavetriedsendinghumanlegacies(遺產(chǎn))toouterspace.In1969,theApollo12missioncarriedaceramicpiecewithdrawings.In1971,theApollo15staffleftasculpturetohonorthosewhohaddiedinspaceexploration.What’smorefamousistheGoldenRecordcarriedbyspacecraftVoyager1and2fromNASAin1977,whichcontainshumanlanguage,musicandimages.Forexample,apieceofChineseguqinmusic,calledFlowingStreamswasincludedinit.Althoughwedon’tknowwhodetermineswhichsymbolsofhumanlegacygetsentouttospaceinmostprojects,it’sobviousthatthecriteriakeepchanging.Inthepast，spaceheritageproductsonlyfocusedonspacerelatedworks;butgradually,morehumanrelatedcontemporarygoodswhichheldgreatimportanceintheirrespectiveerashavebeenaddedtothelist.IntheLunarCodex,films,diverseartandliteraryworksproducedbywomen,disabledartists,andevenAIhavebeencollectedforthefirsttimetobesenttothemoon.Thesechangingcriteriaalsoleavespaceforordinarypeopletoimagineandthink.ManypeoplearenowtryingtostoretheirDNAinformationdigitally.Willpeoplebeabletofindevenmoresurprisingandinventivewaystopreservetheirlegacyinthefuture?Onlytimecantell.4．Whatisthegoaloftheproject?A．Tomakethemoonlivable. B．Toshowrespecttoartists.C．Toenrichthelifeofastronauts. D．Topreservehumanlegacies.5．HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Byexplainingreasons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingparisons D．Byanalyzingpreviousdata.6．Whatdoesthechangeofthecriteriareflect?A．AItechnologyisamazing. B．Theselectiverulesarestrict.C．Humancivilizationisinclusive. D．Spacerelatedworksarepopular.7．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablyefrom?A．Amagazine. B．Atextbook. C．Anadvertisement. D．Aposter.CItisasmallstepforaplant,andagiantleapforplantkind.Asprouting(發(fā)芽)cottonseedonChina’sChang’e4lunarlanderisthefirstplantevertogrowinanotherworld,indicatinganeweraforlifeinspace.Seeds,includingcotton,arabidopsis(擬南芥),oilseedrape(油菜)andpotatowerecarriedtotheMoonasapartofbiologicalexperiment,alongwithfruitflyeggsandsomeyeasts(酵母).PicturessentbackbytheprobeshowthecottonseedssproutingonJanuary7,2019,afewdaysafterChang’e4landedonthefarsideoftheMoon.Theorganisms(生物)areinasealedcan,protectedfromtheextremetemperaturesandradiationonthesurface.“UnderstandinghowtogrowplantsinspacewillhelplaythefoundationforhumansettlementontheMoon,”ascientistleadingtheexperimenttoldtheSouthChinaMorningPost.Thesixorganismsareintendedtoformaminiecosystem,withtheplantsmakingoxygenandfoodtosustainthefruitflies.Yeastscouldprocesstheflies’wasteanddeadplantstoprovideanotherfoodsource.Inafuturehumansettlement,potatoescouldprovidefood,rapeseedcouldbeasourceofoilandcottoncouldbeusedforclothing.Astudyin2014reportedthatplantscouldsproutandgrowinlunarsoilfor50dayswithoutanyadditionalnutrients(營養(yǎng)物).Overlongerperiods,humanwastecouldhelpsupportplants’nutritionalneeds.Theselunargreenshootsaren’tthefirstplantsinspace.AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationhavegrowncropsincludingpeas,radishesandcucumbers.Theygottheirfirstbitesofspacegrownromainelettucein2015.TheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationeventuallyhopestoputhumansontheMoon.“WearestudyingtheprogramofsendingastronautstotheMoon,butit’sstillinveryearlystages,”adeputydirectortoldtheSouthChinaMorningPost.“Wehaven’tgottheapprovalyet.”8．WhenmightChang’e4landonthefarsideoftheMoon?A．OnJanuary7,2019. B．OnJanuary3,2019.C．OnFebruary28,2014. D．OnFebruary3,2015.9．WhatisthebenefitofgrowingplantsontheMoon?A．Ithelpsscientistsunderstandtheecosysteminspace.B．IthelpspeoplelivingontheMoonfeedthemselves.C．Ithelpssupportplants’nutritionalneedsinspace.D．IthelpssetthebasisforestablishingsettlementsontheMoon.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Oxygencreatedbyplantsprovidesafoodsource.B．Thepurposeoftheseorganismsistoformasmallecosystem.C．Theyeasthardlyplaysaroleindealingwithfruitflies’waste.D．Theorganismscanresistextremeheatandcoldintheenvironment.11．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．LivingontheMoonB．FlyingtotheMoonC．GardenonMoon’sFarSideD．HumanSettlementonMoon’sFarSideDItsoundslikesomethingfromthefieldofsciencefiction—aspaceexplorationintovastouterspace,headingtowardstheRedPlanetWhilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersononit,thequestionweasktodayis:12ThespaceracesawtheUSSR(theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics)andUSApetetoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheUSSRreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse,13NowitappearsthatMarsisthebodyofdesire.Whiletobethefirstnationtolandonitisanobviousdraw,thereareotherreasonswhywewanttogetthere.14Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefitoffindinganotherhabitableplanet.WhileMarsdoesn’thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet,there'salwaystheconceptofterraformingchangingtheenvironmentofaplanettosuitourneeds.However,noteveryoneagrees.LeadingastrophysicistNeildeGrasseTysonhassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofaplanetisnotalwayspractical.15Itseemsthatthemainreasonatthemomentisthesearchforalien(外星的)life.16Nowseeminglydead,thepotentialfossilscouldanswerquestionsaboutourownevolutionandthatofourplanet.Onetheoryisthatbacteriallifeonourplanetdidn'tstarthere,butwasbroughthereviaasteroidfromMars.A．a(chǎn)ndtheUSlandedonthemoonfirst.B．Instead,itmakesnosensewhenwecansimplyterraformEarthbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoit.C．Oneofthesecouldbethesurvivalofourspecies.D．WhyaresomanycountriesinterestedingoingtoMars?E．Ithasbeenbelievedthat,atonetime,acertainformoflifedidexistinthisredplanet.F．Surelyinspiringanewgenerationtovisitthestarsisreasonableenough.G．MaylandingonMarsinspiremorepeopletobeeinterestedinexploringspace?EAswecontinuetoexplorefartheroutintooursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumanslivingonotherplanetsoftenesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMarsforexample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisanaturalcuriositytoexploreasfaraswecango,andalsotomakehumanexistencepermanent(永久的).Inordertodothis,however,itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoonforexample,asettlementmustbeselfsupportingandprotectitsinhabitantsfromtheairless,severeenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.WhilefuturebasescouldadapttotheMartianenvironmentovertimethereisalsothepossibilityofmodifying(改造)thesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustcoexistingwithit.Thisistheprocessofterraforming—adjustingMars’atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarthlike.Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,thenlargescalehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbepletelyofflimits.Smallsettlementmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeatthecostofanynativehabitats,iftheyexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanonissue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsislifeless?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.We’vealreadydonetoomuchdamagehereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheirpresentnaturalstate,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirhistoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.Weshouldappreciatethedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttransformingthemtosuitourownambitions.17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．IstherelifeonMars? B．CanweadapttoMars?C．ShouldweterraformMars? D．AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?18．WhatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMars?A．Ensurethatit’snotharmed. B．MakepeacewiththeMartians.C．Changetheunpopulatedregions. D．Assesstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A．Advanced. B．Native. C．Foreign. D．Intelligent20．Howdoestheauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A．Byreferringtoothers’research.B．Bymentingondifferentplanets.C．Byprovingthebenefitsofterraforming.D．Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.二、完形填空ItiswellknownthatChinahasmadeclearplanstosendastronautstolandontheMoonbefore2030andissteadily21.However,Chinahasdonemanythingsbesidesthat.ManycountriesareinterestedinMars(火星).Sofar,about50Marsmissionshavebeen22globally.Butnearlyhalfofthemhave23togetthere.The24aboutfailurewentwithTianwen1,China’sfirstMarsexploringprobe,whichwaslaunchedonJuly23,2020.Afteraround10monthsoftravelling,thecraftlanded25onthesurfaceoftheplanetonMay15,2021.Thegoodnewsthatwemade26metwithbothreliefandcelebrationinthecountryandtheconcerndisappeared.ThesuccessmarksthatChinahasbeeoneoftheleading27ofouterspace.ItalsorevealsthatChinahasgotbreakthroughs(突破)inthedevelopmentofspaceexplorationtechnologiesastheyareallentirelydeveloped28.WhycanChinadothiswithoutanyoutsidehelp?Itisthecandospirit.TheChinesepeopleusewisdomandcourageto29allthedifficulties.Intheearly1960s,whenthecountry30apoorandbackwardcountry,thegovernmentdecidedto31rocketandspacetechnologies:Withthecorrectdirectionandcontinuousefforts,wegettowherewearetodaystep32step.OnApril29,2021,ChinasentTianheCoreModule(天和核心艙)intospace,33theconstructionofChina’sspacestation.Twoweeksago,threeastronautstookShenzhou17tothestationandbegantheir6monthsofworkingandlivingthere.Chinahasbeendevotedtothepeacefuluseofouterspaceandhasmademany34toit.Insomeofthespacemissions,Chinawelesthe35whohavethesamebelief.Let’sexpectwhatChinawillachieveinthefuture!21．A．puttingoff B．slowingdown C．pushingforward D．steppingback22．A．carriedout B．carriedaway C．carriedoff D．carriedon23．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．a(chǎn)ttempted24．A．loss B．concern C．a(chǎn)wareness D．ignorance25．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully26．A．it B．that C．which D．one27．A．a(chǎn)pplicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges28．A．independentlyB．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately29．A．getback B．getover C．getalong D．getup30．A．measured B．a(chǎn)ccounted C．remained D．a(chǎn)ttracted31．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop32．A．on B．in C．by D．a(chǎn)bout33．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting34．A．a(chǎn)dvances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts35．A．PartnersB．workers C．teachers D．enemies參考答案一、單詞練。根據(jù)語境和漢語意思填合適的單詞，注意單詞變形。1.Third，reusablegarbageshouldberecycled(回收利用)asmuchaspossible.2.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresources(資源)wisely.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)3.Thoughlacking(缺乏)money，hisfamilylivedanenjoyablelife.4.Heheadedtothebar，signal(l)ing(示意)tothegirlthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaignlaunched(發(fā)起)bythepany.5.Asweallknow，YangLiweiandWangYapingarefamousastronauts(宇航員)inChina.6.YuanLongpingmadesuchagreatcontributiontomankind(人類)thathewasrespectedandadmiredbypeopleallovertheworld.二、派生單詞練。語法填空1.ShemanagedasmilewhenIsteppedovertoher，andmyanger，disappointment(disappoint)andheartbreakfadedaway.2.Inaddition，takeanactivepartinthevoluntaryactivitieslaunched(launch)bytheoceanorganizations.(2022·全國甲卷)3.WhatcountsisthatIcan’twaittoearnsomepocketmoneytoprovemyindependence(independent).4.Thedesiretowin(win)gloryfortheircountryimpelstheathletestotraindiligently.5.Bytakingexerciseregularly(regular)，Ihavegrownhealthynotonlyphysically，butalsomentally(mental)inthepastyears.6.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled(recycle).Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution.(2021·全國乙卷)7.Itisuniversally(universe)acknowledgedthatwealthdoesn’tnecessarilymeanhappiness.8.Whenaskedwhetherhewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut，theboyjustlookedatmewithdetermination.(determine)9.Anargumentaboutwhetherpeopleshouldcarryonwithspaceexplorationtookplaceattheconferenceandsomepeoplearguedthatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonit.(argue)10.Aperson’slifeislimitedbutknowledgeislimitless.(limit)三、短語練。根據(jù)語境填合適的短語。1.Withpopcornfillingalargebasket，thelittleboyheadedtothenearbymarketinhighspirits.2.Apartfromenjoyingthefolkartworks，visitingthispapercuttingexhibitionalsomakesuslearnalot.3.TheSmithsvisitedmanyplacesinChina，includingBeijing，ShanghaiandChengdu，tonamebutafew.4.Itwasnotlongbeforetheylefttheirvillagetotrytheirluckandseektheirfortuneinthesouthduringthegoldrush.5.Soshedideverythinginherpowertocalmhimdownandsharedaseriesoflearningtipswithhim.四、句型練。1.句型公式：be＋adj./n.＋todo他有很多朋友，因為他容易相處。Hehasmanyfriendsbecauseheiseasytogetalong/onwith.2.句型公式：狀語從句的省略在準(zhǔn)備比賽時，你需要對中國故事有很多了解。Whenpreparingforthepetition，youneedtohavemuchknowledgeaboutChinesestories.3.句型公式：the＋序數(shù)詞(＋n.)＋動詞不定式我真的很想采訪楊利偉，因為他不僅是第一個去太空的中國人，還是世界上最偉大的宇航員之一。IwouldreallyliketointerviewYangLiweibecauseheisnotonlythefirstChinesetogotospacebutalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld.五、話題閱讀練。1．B2．D3．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個最精彩的太空博物館。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SmithsonianNationalAirandSpaceMuseum|Washington”下面的“Housing60,000airandspacecollections,themuseumenablesvisitorstolearnabouttherichhistoryofaviation(航空)byviewingthefirstsuccessfulaircraft(飛機)—the1903WrightFlyer—andeverythingthatcamenext.(博物館收藏了60000件航空和航天藏品，游客可以通過觀看第一架成功的飛機——1903年的萊特飛行器——以及接下來的一切來了解航空的豐富歷史。)”可知，史密森尼國家航空航天博物館中收藏了歷史上的第一架飛機。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“NationalMuseumoftheU.S.AirForce|Dayton”下面的“They’vealsogotaMissileGalleryaswellasaSpaceGallerywherevisitorscanwalkinsideafullsizereproductionofaNASAshuttle(航天飛機).(他們還有一個導(dǎo)彈畫廊和一個太空畫廊，游客可以在這里走進美國國家航空航天局航天飛機的全尺寸復(fù)制品。)”可知，美國空軍國家博物館中有一架全尺寸復(fù)制的航天飛機。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PimaAir&SpaceMuseum|Tucson”下面的“Oneofthebiggestdraws,though,isitsextensive“boneyard”,acollectionofover4,000U.S.governmentandmilitaryaircraftthatareeitherbeingrecycledorregenerated.(然而，最大的吸引力之一是其龐大的“飛機墳場”，它匯集了4000多架正在回收或重建的美國政府和軍用飛機。)”可知，位于圖森的皮馬航空航天博物館以其巨大的“飛機墳場”而出名。故選C。4．D5．B6．C7．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講的是經(jīng)過幾十年的月球探索，一個戲劇性的愿景終于成為現(xiàn)實，即人類的許多象征性遺產(chǎn)將被儲存在月球上。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheGuardianrecentlyreportedthataprojectcalledLunarCodexisplanningtosendandstoreover30,000worksonthemoonfromartists,writers,filmmakers,andmusiciansfromover150countriesandregions.(《衛(wèi)報》最近報道稱，一個名為LunarCodex的項目計劃將來自150多個國家和地區(qū)的藝術(shù)家、作家、電影制作人和音樂家的3萬多件作品發(fā)送并儲存在月球上。)”可知，此處活動將一些人類的藝術(shù)作品發(fā)送并儲存在月球上，由此可知，此次活動的目的是保護一些人類的藝術(shù)作品和文化遺產(chǎn)。故選D項。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“In1969,theApollo12missioncarriedaceramicpiecewithdrawings.In1971,theApollo15staffleftasculpturetohonorthosewhohaddiedinspaceexploration.What’smorefamousistheGoldenRecordcarriedbyspacecraftVoyager1and2fromNASAin1977,whichcontainshumanlanguage,musicandimages.Forexample,apieceofChineseguqinmusic,calledFlowingStreamswasincludedinit.(1969年，阿波羅12號的任務(wù)攜帶了一件帶有圖畫的陶瓷作品。1971年，阿波羅15號的工作人員留下了一座雕塑，以紀(jì)念那些在太空探索中遇難的人。更著名的是1977年美國宇航局的旅行者1號和2號攜帶的黃金唱片，其中包含了人類語言、音樂和圖像。例如，其中包括一首名為流水的中國古箏音樂。)”可知，文中提到了不同年代的送上太空作品的例子，由此可知，本段是通過舉例子的手法介紹的。故選B項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Althoughwedon’tknowwhodetermineswhichsymbolsofhumanlegacygetsentouttospaceinmostprojects,it’sobviousthatthecriteriakeepchanging.Inthepast，spaceheritageproductsonlyfocusedonspacerelatedworks;butgradually,morehumanrelatedcontemporarygoodswhichheldgreatimportanceintheirrespectiveerashavebeenaddedtothelist.IntheLunarCodex,films,diverseartandliteraryworksproducedbywomen,disabledartists,andevenAIhavebeencollectedforthefirsttimetobesenttothemoon.(雖然我們不知道在大多數(shù)項目中是誰決定將哪些人類遺產(chǎn)的象征送入太空，但很明顯，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在不斷變化。過去，空間遺產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品只關(guān)注與空間相關(guān)的作品;但漸漸地，更多與人類有關(guān)的、在各自時代具有重要意義的當(dāng)代商品被加入了名單。在LunarCodex中，首次收集了電影、女性、殘疾人藝術(shù)家制作的各種藝術(shù)和文學(xué)作品，甚至人工智能也被送往月球。)”可知，隨著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不斷變化，越來越多的與人類有關(guān)的、在各自時代具有重要意義的當(dāng)代商品被加入了送往太空的人類遺產(chǎn)名單，由此可以推斷人類文明是包容的。故選C項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheGuardianrecentlyreportedthataprojectcalledLunarCodexisplanningtosendandstoreover30,000worksonthemoonfromartists,writers,filmmakers,andmusiciansfromover150countriesandregions.Thegoodstobestoredrangefromnovelsandpaintingstomusic,films，andevensoilfromEarth.(《衛(wèi)報》最近報道稱，一個名為“月球法典”的項目計劃將來自150多個國家和地區(qū)的藝術(shù)家、作家、電影制作人和音樂家的3萬多件作品發(fā)送并儲存在月球上。儲存的物品從小說、繪畫到音樂、電影，甚至是地球上的土壤。)”以及文章其他段落的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要內(nèi)容與月球探索有關(guān)，所以文章有可能出自一本與月球探索有關(guān)的雜志。故選A項。8．B9．D10．B11．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了“嫦娥四號”攜帶植物種子在月球上進行種植相關(guān)試驗，最終棉花種子成功發(fā)芽。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“PicturessentbackbytheprobeshowthecottonseedssproutingonJanuary7,2019,afewdaysafterChang’e4landedonthefarsideoftheMoon.(探測器發(fā)回的照片顯示，2019年1月7日，也就是嫦娥四號在月球背面著陸幾天后，棉籽開始發(fā)芽)”可知，嫦娥四號在月球背面著陸幾天后的2019年1月7日，探測器發(fā)回的照片；由此可知，嫦娥四號在月球背面著陸的時間在2019年1月7日之前，故選B項。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theorganisms(生物)areinasealedcan,protectedfromtheextremetemperaturesandradiationonthesurface.“UnderstandinghowtogrowplantsinspacewillhelplaythefoundationforhumansettlementontheMoon,”ascientistleadingtheexperimenttoldtheSouthChinaMorningPost.(這些生物被放在一個密封的罐子里，免受表面極端溫度和輻射的影響。‘了解如何在太空中種植植物將有助于為人類在月球上定居奠定基礎(chǔ)，’領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該實驗的一名科學(xué)家告訴《南華早報》)”可知，在月球上種植植物有助于為在月球上建立定居點奠定基礎(chǔ)。故選D項。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thesixorganismsareintendedtoformaminiecosystem,withtheplantsmakingoxygenandfoodtosustainthefruitflies.(這六種生物旨在形成一個微型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，植物制造氧氣和食物來維持果蠅)”可知，這些生物的目的是形成一個小的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asprouting(發(fā)芽)cottonseedonChina’sChang’e4lunarlanderisthefirstplantevertogrowinanotherworld,indicatinganeweraforlifeinspace.(中國“嫦娥四號”月球著陸器上一顆正在發(fā)芽的棉籽是有史以來第一顆在另一個世界生長的植物，標(biāo)志著太空生命的新時代的到來)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了“嫦娥四號”攜帶植物種子在月球上進行種植相關(guān)試驗，最終棉花種子成功發(fā)芽，所以C項“GardenonMoon’sFarSide(月球背面的花園)”符合文章主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項。12．D13．A14．C15．B16．F【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明人類為什么熱衷于探索火星，介紹了人類歷史中對太空的探索行動，分析了人類想登陸火星背后的原因以及人們對此的看法。12．根據(jù)前文“Itsoundslikesomethingfromthefieldofsciencefiction—aspaceexplorationintovastouterspace,headingtowardstheRedPlanetWhilewe’renotquitereadytoputapersononit,thequestionweasktodayis(這聽起來像是科幻小說里的情節(jié)——向廣闊的外太空進行太空探索，駛向紅色星球。雖然我們還沒有完全準(zhǔn)備好把人送上火星，但我們今天要問的問題是)”可知，空處應(yīng)是提出具體問題，且和探索火星有關(guān)，所以D項“WhyaresomanycountriesinterestedingoingtoMars?(為什么這么多國家對去火星感興趣？)”符合文意。故選D項。13．根據(jù)前文“ThespaceracesawtheUSSR(theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics)andUSApetetoachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheUSSRreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse,(太空競賽見證了蘇聯(lián)(蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯(lián)盟)和美國爭奪太空飛行的第一名。蘇聯(lián)比任何人都早發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星“斯普特尼克1號”)”可知，此處講述美蘇太空競賽各自的成就，前文說的蘇聯(lián)，所以空處應(yīng)是美國的成就，A項“andtheUSlandedonthemoonfirst.(而美國則率先登陸月球)”符合文意，且和前文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故選A項。14．分析設(shè)空，位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefitoffindinganotherhabitableplanet.WhileMarsdoesn’thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet,there'salwaystheconceptofterraformingchangingtheenvironmentofaplanettosuitourneeds.(你只需要看看恐龍的化石就能知道找到另一個適宜居住的星球的好處。雖然火星目前還不具備適宜居住的條件，但改造地球的概念一直存在——改變行星的環(huán)境以適應(yīng)我們的需要)”可知，本段主要講述了探索火星事關(guān)人類生存，所以C項“Oneofthesecouldbethesurvivalofourspecies.(其中之一可能是人類的生存)”符合文意，為本段中心句。故選C項。15．根據(jù)前文“However,noteveryoneagrees.LeadingastrophysicistNeildeGrasseTysonhassaidtheconceptofchanginghabitabilityofaplanetisnotalwayspractical.(然而，并非所有人都同意。著名天體物理學(xué)家尼爾·德格拉斯·泰森曾說，改變行星可居住性的概念并不總是切實可行的)”可知，此處講述并不是所有人認(rèn)為改變行星可居住性的概念是可行的，所以B項“Instead,itmakesnosensewhenwecansimplyterraformEarthbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoit.(相反，鑒于我們對地球造成的破壞，對地球進行地球化改造毫無意義)”符合文意，且和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項。16．根據(jù)前文“Itseemsthatthemainreasonatthemomentisthesearchforalien(外星的)life.(目前的主要原因似乎是尋找外星生命)”可知，F(xiàn)項“Surelyinspiringanewgenerationtovisitthestarsisreasonableenough.(當(dāng)然，鼓勵新一代去拜訪星星是很合理的)”是對前句的進一步補充，符合文意。故選F項。17．C18．A19．B20．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了人類是否應(yīng)該移民火星，在火星上大規(guī)模建造定居點這個問題。17．主旨大意題。第一、二段提出問題：我們應(yīng)該調(diào)整火星的大氣和環(huán)境，使它更像地球嗎？第三段提出：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大規(guī)模人類定居點應(yīng)該是完全禁止的。第四段提出：如果火星沒有生命，也要盡可能地保護原始的、獨特的外星環(huán)境，不能為了自己的野心而傷害火星。綜上，文章主要回答了這個問題：人類是否應(yīng)該移民火星，在火星上大規(guī)模建造定居點，C項“我們應(yīng)該將火星地球化（以適合人類居?。﹩帷?。故選C項。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“Iftheanswerisyes,thenlargescalehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbepletelyofflimits.Smallsettlementmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeatthecostofanynativehabitats,iftheyexist.(如果答案是肯定的，那么火星上的大規(guī)模人類定居點應(yīng)該是完全禁止的。小規(guī)模的定居可能沒問題，但在火星上生活不應(yīng)該以任何原生棲息地為代價，如果它們存在的話)”可知，如果火星上存在任何原生棲息地，火星上的大規(guī)模人類定居點應(yīng)該是要完全禁止的，小規(guī)模的定居生活在火星上也不應(yīng)該以犧牲火星土著生命為代價，即：要保證火星生物不受傷害。故選A項。19．詞句猜測題。由第三段“OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,thenlargescalehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbepletelyofflimits.Smallsettlementmig