全國卷高二英語下學(xué)期期末考試分類匯編閱讀理解之說明文

說明文Passage1（2024·陜西·長安一中高二期末）Magicisaformofentertainmentthatisbasedonpretendingtodothingsthatareimpossible.Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor.Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowertodothingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.Magicshowsareentertainingaslongastheaudiencedoesnotdiscoverhowthetricksaredone.Themagicianusuallydependsonhisskillwithhishands,onhisknowledgeofpsychology,and,sometimes,onmechanicaldevices.Sincemagicperformanceismeanttotrickpeople,theuseofpsychologyisimportant.Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment.Hemustalsoleadtheaudiencetodrawfalseconclusions.Themagician’ssuccessdependsonthefactthatmanythingsseenbytheeyearenotthethingsthatmatter.Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplayinganotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.1．Whichofthefollowingisimportantforasuccessfulmagictrick?A．Movingstageequipment. B．Keepingtheperformanceinsecret.C．Applyinghightechnology. D．Directingtheaudience’sattention.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“employing”meaninparagraph3?A．Hiring. B．Using. C．Engaging. D．Moving.3．Howdoestheauthordevelopthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Byexplainingaconcept. B．Bymakingasummary.C．Bydrawingcomparisons. D．Byprovidingexamples.4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thesecretsbehindtheartofmagic. B．Thewaystobemagicians.C．Theattractionsofthemagicshow. D．Thetalentsofmagicians.Passage2（2024·遼寧·鞍山市第三中學(xué)高二期末）It’ssaidthatyoucanchooseyourfriendsbutnotyourfamily.Maybe,Butit’sclearthatgoodfriendscomewithplentyofhealthbenefits,Nowresearchsuggeststhatyourfriendshipsmaybemoreimportantthanfamilyrelationshipswhenitcomestoyourhealthandhappiness.ResearchersfromMichiganStateUniversitycarriedouttwostudiespublishedinPersonalRelationships.Theyfirstlookedatdatafromnearly280,000peoplefromalmost100countriesworldwide.Aftercomparingpeople’sfriendshipsandfamilyrelationshipswiththeirphysicalandmentalhealth,theteamdiscoveredthatfriendshipwaslinkedtohigherscoresofwell-being(康樂)thanfamilyrelationships.Thesecondstudyinvolved(涉及)almost7,500olderadults,andsuggestedthatthequalityoffriendshipshadamuchbiggerinfluenceonhealththanfamilyrelationships.Peoplewhoreportedstressfulfriendshipsweremuchmorelikelytosufferpoorhealthcomparedtothosewhohadpositivefriendships;theinfluenceonhealthfromgoodorbadfamilyrelationshipswassmall.Friendshipsareveryimportanttowell-being.Forone,it’seasiertodropabadfriendshipthanitistocuttieswithafamilymember.Evenbetter,friendscanalsoprovidesocialsupportwhenthingsgettoughwithfamilymembers,suchasgoingthroughadivorceorwhencaringforanagedparent.Andlong-lastingfriendshipsarelesslikelytobefilledwithguiltthanafamilyrelationship.Ofcourse,goodfriendshipsdon’tjusthappen—theyrequiretime,buttimespentondevelopinggoodfriendshipsisworthit.“Friendshipshelpusshunlonelinessbutareoftenhardertomaintain(維持)throughoutthelife,”explainsWilliamChopik,PHD,assistantprofessorofpsychology.“Ifafriendshiphassurvivedthetestoftime,youknowitmustbeagoodone.Itmeansyou’vefoundsomeoneyouturntoforhelpandadviceoften.”5．Whatdidthetwostudiesfocuson?A．Examiningtheinfluenceoffriendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsonwell-being.B．Tellingpeopletopaymoreattentiontofriendsinsteadoffamilymembers.C．Provingthatfriendshipsarethemostimportantpartofpeople’slife.D．Findingoutthesimilaritiesbetweenfriendsandfamilymembers.6．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Howfamilymembersbenefitourwell-being.B．Whatfamilymembersareunabletodoforus.C．whenfriendshipscanplayakeypartinourlife.D．Whyfriendshipsarekeytohealthandhappiness.7．Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthoragreewith?A．Onlytimecantestgoodfriendships.B．Friendshipscanhappenallthetime.C．Ittakestimetogaingoodfriendships.D．Weshouldbepatientwithourfriends.8．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“shun”underlinedinthelastparagraph?A．Avoid. B．Predict C．Experience D．ValuePassage3（2024·黑龍江·嫩江市高級中學(xué)高二期末）Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,applyingtocollegesisparticularlydifficult.Oneapproachmakesthiswholeprocesseasier?Provideanadviserforthem.That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aprogramtohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintelligence.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkingaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice:SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.FiguringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhatCollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn’therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.9．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThehistoryofCollegePoint. B．HowCollegePointworks.C．Waystoapplyforafreeadviser. D．Thechallengeofchoosingcolleges.10．Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?A．Knowinglittleaboutcolleges. B．Thinkinghighlyoftheirabilities.C．Lackofenoughlearningexperience. D．Failuretopasstheentranceexam.11．WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?A．Shedidn’twanttostayfarfromhome. B．Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.C．Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds. D．Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．StepsforStudentstoChooseSuitableCollegesB．CollegePoint—HelpingStudentsSelectIdealCollegesC．AdvisersHelpingCollegeStudentstoScoreHighD．CollegePoint—HowtoBeaFinancialAdviserPassage4（2024·四川甘孜·高二期末）Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago,weshouldprobablyhavetosaythatwecouldnotremember.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountofwhatwedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.Itisthesameinhistory.Manythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonothaveanywrittenaccountofthem.Sometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappeningsintheircountry,butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar.Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtowrite.Forexample,weknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4,000yearsago,becausetheycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica.becausetheyhadnotlearnedtowrite.Sometimes,ofcourse,evenifthepeoplecannotwrite,theymayknowsomethingofthepast.Theyhaveheardaboutitfromolderpeople,andoftensongsanddancesandstorieshavebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings,andthesehavebeensungandactedandtoldformanygenerations,formostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast.Thiswemaycall“rememberedhistory”.Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryisbecausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting.Butwheretherearenowrittenrecords,suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful.13．Whichofthefollowingideasisnotsuggestedinthepassage?A．Wheretherearenowrittenrecords,thereisnohistory.B．Writtenrecordsofthepastplaythemostimportantroleinourlearningofthehumanhistory.C．Awrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsustobeabletoanswermanyquestions.D．“Rememberedhistory”,comparedwithwrittenhistory,islessreliable.14．WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause_________A．therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattime.B．thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord.C．thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite.D．thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafire.15．“Rememberedhistory”refersto_________A．historybasedonaperson’simagination.B．storiesofimportanthappeningspasseddownfrommouthtomouth.C．songsanddancesaboutthemostimportantevents.D．bothBandC．16．Thepassagesuggeststhatwecouldhavelearnedmuchmoreaboutourpastthanwedonowiftheancientpeoplehad_________A．notburnttheirwrittenrecordsinwars. B．keptawrittenrecordofeverypastevent.C．toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappenings. D．mademoresongsanddances.Passage5（2024·陜西西安高二期末）Likethemovefromhorse-drawncarriagestovehiclespoweredbyinternal-combustionengines,thechangefromcarspoweredbyfossilfuelstoelectricvehicles(EVs)willhaveaprofoundeffectonpersonaltransport.TheEpidemicworldwidecauseda20%dropingloballightvehiclesalesin2024,toabout70m,buttheypickupin2024.Andtheproportionofvehiclespoweredbybatterieswillgrowquickly.TheincreasingsharepriceofTesla,providesabigmotivationfornewcomerstocatchup.Teslamayleadinbatterytechnologyandsoftware,buttomakethoseadvantagesstick,itmustprovethat“productionhell”isbehindit.ScalingupmanufacturinghascausedTeslaitsbiggestheadaches.Bignamecarmakersfaceanequallydiscouragingchallenge:learninghowtowritesoftware.Electriccarsrequireintegratedsoftware,notjusttoensurethatbatteriesandmotorsworktogethertoprovidethebestperformance,buttoconnectthecartotheoutsideworld.AndwhatoftheTeslafollowers,fromChina’sLi,NioandXpengtoAmericanfirmssuchasFisker,LucidandNikola?Cashfromexcitableinvestorshaspouredinanditisthesamewithbignamecarmakers—asaretechgiants,keentogetinvolvedastransportgoesdigital.Canthefollowerspersuadeinvestorsthattheyhavepatenttechnologythatwillgivethemalong-termadvantage?Eye-catchingAdvertisementsofvehiclesareonething,butastheindustry’stroubleshows,workingouthowtomakecarsatscale,whensoftwaresareasimportantasbrakesandbodywork,isquiteanother.ThecomingyearwillmakeclearerwhichofTesla’scompetitors,newandold,canstayinrace.17．Whichwordbestdescribesthetrendofelectriccarsindustry?A．Uncertain. B．Challenging.C．Disappointing. D．Promising.18．WhyisTeslaintrouble?A．Itsproductioncapacityhasbecomeabottleneck.B．Itmayloseitsadvantageinsoftwarewriting.C．Itsadvertisingisconsideredtobeexaggerating.D．Ithastocompetewithmanycapablenewcomers.19．WhichstatementaboutTesla’scompetitorsisTRUE?A．TheirsharepricesarecatchingupwiththoseofTesla.B．Theyareallreceivingmoneyfromeagerinvestors.C．Theirproblemliesinimprovingbrakesandbodywork.D．Theyaremostlywell-establishedcompanies.20．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．NewEVCompaniesAreCatchingupB．TheBattleWithintheEVIndustryC．ElectricCars—YourFutureChoiceD．ProductionCapacity—aHeadacheofEVIndustryPassage6（（2024·四川甘孜·高二期末）Todayjustastechnologychangedthefaceofindustry,farmshaveundergonean“agriculturalrevolution”.Onthefarmoftoday,machinesprovidealmostallthepower.Oneofthemostimportantbenefitswillbethefarmcomputer.Afewforward-lookingfarmersarealreadyusingcomputerstohelpthemruntheirfarmsmoreefficiently.Thecomputershelpthemkeepmoreaccuraterecordssotheycanmakebetterdecisionsonwhatcropstoplant,howmuchlivestocktobuy,whentoselltheirproducts,andhowmuchprofittheycanexpect.Manycomputercompanieshavebeendevelopingspecialcomputerprogramsjustforfarmers.Programsarebeingwrittenforhogproducers,grainfarmers,potatofarmers,anddairyfarmers.Inthefuture,farmerswillbeabletopurchasecomputerprogramsmadetotheirneeds.Becauseofthegrowingimportanceofcomputersonthefarm,studentsatagriculturalcollegesarerequiredtotakecomputerclassesinadditiontotheirnormalagriculturalcourses.Therecanbenodoubtthatfarmerswillrelyoncomputersevenmoreinthefuture.Whiletheold-timefarmdependedonhorsepower,andmodernfarmsdependonmachinepower,farmsofthefuturewilldependoncomputerpower.Anothertechnologicaladvancewhichisstillintheexperimentalstageistherobot,areal“mechanizedhiredhand”thatwillbeabletomoveand,insomeways,thinklikeahumanbeing.Agriculturalengineersbelievethatcomputer-aidedrobotswillmakestartlingchangesinfarmingbeforetheendofthecentury.Unlikefarmersofthepresent,farmersofthefuturewillfindthatmanyday-to-daytaskswillbedoneforthem.Scientistsarenowdevelopingrobotsthatwillbeabletoshearsheep,drivetractors,andharvestfruit.Evencomplexjobswillbedonebyrobots.Forexample,inordertomilktheircows,farmersmustfirstdrivethemintothebarn,thenconnectthemtothemilkingmachines,watchthemachines,anddisconnectthemwhentheyarefinished.Inthefuture,thiswillallbedonebyrobots.Inaddition,whenthemilkingiscompleted,therobotswillautomaticallychecktomakesurethatthemilkispure.Thecompletemobilizationofthefarmisfarinthefuture,butengineersexpectthatsomerobotswillbeusedbeforelong.21．Whichsentencecarriedthemainideaofthewholepassage?A．Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraph. B．Thesecondsentenceofthefirstparagraph.C．Thefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph. D．Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph.22．Accordingtothepassage,computerscannothelpfarmersdecide_________.A．howmuchmoneytheycanearnfromtheirproducts B．whethertoplantacertainkindofcropC．whatlivestocktoraise D．whentoselltheirproducts23．Accordingtotheengineers,willbedonebyrobotsinthenearfuture.A．a(chǎn)llfarmwork B．milkingcowsC．somefarmwork D．mostofthefarmwork24．Whatisthebesttitleforthewholepassage?A．Computer,Farmers’BestFriend B．FarmersintheFutureC．ComputersandRobots D．TheAgriculturalRevolutionPassage7（2024·安徽合肥·高二期末）Scientistshavelongsoughttopreventsharpmemoriesfromfadingwithage,buttheproblemremainsunsolved.NowresearchpublishedinScientificReportssuggestsvirtualrealitymighthelpolderpeoplerecallfactsandeventsbasedonspecificdetails.Thestudyinvolved42healthyolderadultsfromtheSanFranciscoBayArea.Halfspentadozenhoursoverfourweeksplayingavirtual-realitygamecalledLabyrinth;theyworeheadsets(耳機(jī))andwalkedinplace,walkingvirtualneighborhoodswhilecompletingsmalltasks.Theotherhalf,inthecontrolgroup,usedtabletstoplaygamesthatdidnotrequirerecallingdetails.After15sessions(期),thelatterperformedroughlythesameasbeforeonalong-termmemorytest.ButtheLabyrinthplayersgainanimprovementinmemorythroughtheVRgame.AscientistPeterWaisoftheUniversityofCaliforniasaidtheimprovementsbroughtthemuptothelevelofanothergroupofyoungeradultstakingthesamememorytests.MeredithThompson,aneducationresearcher,studieslearningthroughVRgamesbutwasnotinvolvedinthenewstudy.“Itwouldbegreattoactuallyfollowpeopleovertimeandseewhatthistypeofgamedoesforlong-termmemory.”Shesays,“addingVRcanprovidegreaterinvolvementthanothergames.Wais'steamisnowstudyinghowlongtheobservedeffectslastandwhichelementsofthetraininghavethemostimpact.”Acognitive(認(rèn)知)psychologist,DanielSimons,whowasalsonotinvolvedinthestudy,notesexperimentswithothergamesthataresaidtotrainthebrainhaveoftenfailedtosupportthis.Anditremainsunclearhowtestperformanceinalaboratorysettingmighttranslatetoreal-worldsituations.Theoutcome,Simonsnotes,“needstoberepeated,ideallywithamuchlargergroup,beforeit’streatedasastrongfinding.”Fornow,Waissays,theteamhopesitsstudieswithsimilar-sizedgroupswillhelpdrawfundingtotestthegamewithmoreparticipants.25．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Virtualrealityimprovesolderadults'memory.B．PeopleofdifferentagesshouldplayVRgames.C．Virtualrealitychangespeople'smemory.D．People'smemorygraduallyfailsastheyage.26．WhatcanweinferfromMeredithThompson'swords?A．Theexperimentresultstillneedsimprovingwithmorefinancialsupport.B．Whateffectstheexperimentwillhaveisstillunknown.C．Thetestingresultoftheexperimentisnotpracticalinreality.D．Ittakesalongerperiodtofigureoutitseffectsonlong-termmemory.27．AccordingtoDanielSimons,theresearchneedstobeimproveddueto_________.A．thelackofsupportofficially B．theimpracticalapplicationinrealworldC．theunsatisfyingtestperformance D．thelimitednumberofparticipants28．Wheremaythepassagecomefrom?A．Anovel. B．Amagazine.C．Abrochure. D．Aguidebook.Passage8（2024·黑龍江·鶴崗一中高二期末）Athree-monthsurveyof119householdsinSeattlefoundaboutone-thirdofthefoodthrownawaywasedible(可以吃的).“Wethinkwearedoingbetterbutwecan’tbe,giventhewaste.”saidAndreaSpacht,afoodspecialistattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.Foreveryitemthrownaway,thecostisfarmorethanjustanuneatenmeal.Throwingoutjustonehamburger,forexample,wastesasmuchwaterasa90-minuteshower.TheWasteofnutritionandresourcesonthisscale(規(guī)模)makeslittlesensewhen15millionAmericanhouseholdshavebeenclassifiedasfood-insecurebytheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture—meaningtheycannotaccessenoughfood.Butfoodwasteisnotjustabouthouseholds.Itishappeningonalargescaleonthefarm.Mostfarmfoodwasteisduetoalackofbuyersorpricesthataretoolow.Withoutaguaranteeofanincomethatwillatleastcoverthecostofharvesting,growershavenochoicebuttoleavefoodinthefield—despitethehugewastethatrepresents,saidLisaJohnson,oftheDepartmentofHorticulturalScienceatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Forthetimebeing,theU.S.remainsacontradiction,sayfoodwasteactivists.“It’stheplaceintheworldwherethemostfoodiswasted,butalsowheresomeofthemostexcitingsolutionsare.”saidTristramStuart,founderofToastAle,whichmakesbeerfrombreadthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.Thepastfewyearshaveseenanawakeningawarenessoftheimpactoftheproblemonourplanet.Anincreasingnumberoffoodwastecompaniesandcharitieshaveappearedtohelppeoplecuttheirownfoodwasteandalsoensureunwantedfoodmakesitswaytowhereitisneeded.Whilecampaignersarecelebratingtherisingconsumerandcorporate(公司的)recognitionoffoodwasteasamajorproblem,theydonotexpecttheproblemtodisappearovernight.Dealingwiththeproblemrequires“atransformationthatwilltakeyears.”saidEvanLutz,co-founderofthefoodwastecompanyHungryHarvest.29．WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinParagraph3?A．Toencouragereaderstosavewater.B．Toprovethepopularityofhamburgers.C．Toshowthatpeoplearedoingbetterinsavingfood.D．Toexplainthatthrowingawayfoodhashiddencosts.30．WhydogrowersleavefoodinthefieldaccordingtoLisa?A．Thefoodgoesbad. B．Thefoodisn’tripe.C．Theycannotmakeaprofit. D．Theydonothavethemachinetoharvest.31．Whatdothefoodwasteactivistsmeanbysaying“theU.S.remainsacontradiction”?A．Foodwastecontradictsfoodinsecurity.B．Foodwastecontradictsexcitingsolutions.C．Thelackofbuyerscontradictsgoodharvests.D．Thehighcostofharvestingcontradictslowfoodprices.32．WhatdoesEvanthinkofthefoodwasteproblem?A．Americanswastethemostfood.B．Ithasbeeninexistenceforyears.C．Solvingitwilltakealonglime.D．Peoplearebecomingawareofitsseriousness.Passage9（2024·河南·淮南其次中學(xué)高二期末）Workingrobotsaretypicallybig,simpleandstrong.Theyarelargepre-programmedunitsworkingindangerousanddulljobs.Butthegrowingtrendtowardscooperativerobots,orcobots,whichworkinharmonywithhumansischangingroboticuseworldwide.Thefactisthatmostindustrialrobotswerenotdesignedtodowithunpredictablehumanenvironments.Bycuttingrobotsdowntothedesktopsizeandembedding（嵌入）themwithsensorsandAI,thenextgenerationofcobotswillfeelourpresence,learnfromusandcombinewithusbetter.Lightweightandportablecobotscanworkinlessspaceandshareitwithpeopleratherthanbeingcagedoff.Decreasingcostsforroboticsystemsmakethemmoreaffordabletosmallbusinesses,andtheireaseofsettingupandprogrammabilitymakesthemsimpletodevelop.Althoughthecooperativerobotisrelativelynovel,theinitialconceptwasinventedin1996.Acobotpatentwasfiledin1997,whichdetailed"aninstrumentandmethodfordirectphysicalinteractionbetweenapersonandageneral-purposeoperatorcontrolledbyacomputer".Theideaofroboticfeedback（反饋）wasalsobuilt-insothatcobotswouldredirectorcontrolmotionsthatoriginatewiththeoperatorthroughphysicalguidance.Thefutureofcobotworkingislikelytochangeasnewerinterfacesandwaysofinteractingaredeveloped.Voicecommandsareboundtobeafeatureasnaturallanguageprocessingsystemsbecomemorewidespread.Roboticmovementsandinteractionswillbecontrolledusingnon-invasivebraincontrolinterfaces.Unplannedchangestoproductionandsaferinteractionwithhumanswillthenrequireastep-changeinrobotlearning.Cobotswilllearndirectlyfromhumaninteractionorevenfromvirtualsimulations（模擬）thatwillhelpthemadapttoreal-worldsituations.Openroboticsplatforms,suchasCarnegieMellonUniversity'sLoCoBotorElephantRobotics'Catbot,meanthatprogrammerscansharetheskillstheyhavedevelopedviathecloud.Cobotcarers,suchasElliQ,thecompanionrobot,ceiling-mountedrailrobots,orevenIKEA'sroboticfurniture,promiseanicefutureofcooperation.33．Whatmakescobotsmoresuitabletosmallfirms?A．Thedesktopsize. B．SensorsandAI.C．Cheaproboticsystems. D．Theireaseofprogrammability.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"interaction"inParagraph3mean?A．Change. B．Competition.C．Difference. D．Communication.35．Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofthefuturecobots?A．Voicecontrol.B．Unplannedproductionchanges.C．Workingindangerousenvironments.D．Directphysicalinteractionwithhumans.36．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingaboutcobots?A．Learningfromhumans. B．Combiningwithhumans.C．Openingroboticsplatforms. D．Sharingprogrammingskills.Passage10（2024·河南新鄉(xiāng)·高二期末）It’swell-knownthatfacialrecognitioniswidelyusedinshopping,homesecurity,andlawenforcementandmillionsofususeittoopenoursmartphones.Butprivacyadvocatesareraisingalarmsaboutthegrowinguseoffacialrecognitiontechnology.TheAmericanadministrationrecentlyproposedaruletousefacialrecognitiontoidentifyandphotographallpeopleenteringandleavingtheUnitedStates,includingAmericancitizens.Thatideawasscrappedafterbigobjectionsfromlawmakersandactivists,buttheadministrationismovingaheadwithmorelimiteduseofthetechnologyinanumberofairportsandotherportsofentrysayitmakesthepublicsaferandsofar,they’vehadveryfewcomplaintsfromtravelers.However,agrowingnumberof,bothinandoutofthegovernment,sayanytypeoffacialrecognitionisjustlikeillegalsurveillance(監(jiān)視).Theysayitexchangestoomuchfreedomfortoolittlesecurity.ManynotethatoncethegovernmenthasadatabaseofAmericanswiththeirphotographs,there’snotellingwhatitcouldbeusedfor.Beyondtheprivacyconcerns,securityexpertsarealsoworriedthatahugegovernmentdatabasecouldbeamajortargetforadatabreach(數(shù)據(jù)泄露).SomesayitcouldgivehackersaccesstodatafrommillionsofAmericans.MikeHowell,aformerconsultantoftheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity,suggestsapossiblesolution:simplyerasetheinformationafteritused.“Thebigquestionfor,”saysHowell,“ishowthegovernmentlargelywillprotectthedata.Wewantthedatawecollecttokeepussafefromthreats,notto,youknow,makeunsafe.“Finally,theadministrationmayhavethefinalsayonthefutureoffacialrecognition,withmoreregulationsbeingadvisedtokeepitincheck.”37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scrapped”inparagraph2mean?A．Abandoned. B．Expressed.C．Considered. D．Updated.38．Whatattitudedothesecurityexpertshavetowardsfacialrecognition?A．Uncaring. B．Concerned.C．Flexible. D．Tolerant.39．WhatdoesHowelladviseAmericanadministrationtodo?A．Exchangemuchsecurityforsomefreedom.B．Protecttheprivacyrelatedtofacialrecognition.C．Introducesomelawstostopdatabreaches.D．Stopusingfacialrecognitioninshopping.40．Wh