高中英語語法分專題全面復習第二十一講 高考短文改錯解題技巧小結(jié)與練習

短文改錯題答題技巧短文改錯題檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力.進而考察學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平，考察學生在語篇中綜合運用英語的能力考生英語水平的高低完全可以從這一題型體現(xiàn)出來然而很多考生對該題感到束手無策.關(guān)鍵在于找不到錯誤、不會找錯誤。那么怎樣找錯誤、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則：按句劃分，逐句檢查；從句先看關(guān)系再逐句檢查1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞;2.謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);3.非謂語動詞的用法;4.名詞的單、復數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準確無誤;8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。9.介詞的單獨使用或和動詞的習慣搭配是否得當或缺少注意：1.必須熟悉設(shè)錯方式：多詞、少詞、錯詞。⑴多詞現(xiàn)象大多出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動詞、連詞、語義重復及行文邏輯等方面。⑵少詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、副詞、助動詞、不定式符號to、連詞等。⑶錯詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞、介詞、名詞單復數(shù)、動詞時態(tài)、非謂語動詞、主謂一致、代詞、連詞、詞形。1.核對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。2.核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現(xiàn)重復考查某個語法點的現(xiàn)象。3.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范，位置是否準確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。短文改錯常見錯誤類型：1.謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點，常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致;④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。1.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.(did改為do，錯誤類型屬于①)2.Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.(visiting改為visited,錯誤類型屬于②)3.Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.(will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④)Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.(was改為were，錯誤類型屬于③)2.名詞的常見錯誤：單復數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。1.I’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(subject改為subjects)2.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.(word改為words)3.Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverteachwell.(knowledges改為knowledge)3.連詞錯誤

連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。1.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.(錯用了who的所有格形式，改為whose)2.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.(此處應該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為and)Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.(as意為“盡管”，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)4.冠詞錯誤：1.誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);2.誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)A.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(a改為the，thesame是固定搭配)B.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofpants.(mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a)C.Ihopeyouhavepleasantjourney.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)5.形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。1）I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾)2)Mypronunciationwasterribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)6.代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/usthey/them)錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。1)SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.(me改為myself)2)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.(to前加it)3)Ifanyoneofushadanydifficultyinourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.(other后加s)4)What’smore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.(him改為them)7.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠時);介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。1.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.(enjoy后需接動名詞，talk改為talking)2.Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.(go作主語,應改為going)3.Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.(介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading)4.Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.(and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)8.介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用1.Therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.(among改為in，inmyfamily為固定搭配)2.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.(去掉at,themoment引導從句)單句改錯.(下列句子各有一處錯誤，請改正)1.NowpeoplegetalotofinformationsfromTV.2.GermanisaEuropeancountry.3.Theydidn’twantmetodoanyworkatfamily.4.YesterdayImetanoldfriendofmyfather.5.Boysandgirls,don’tlosehearts.Dobetternexttime.6.Theyareofdifferentsize.7.Itissobeautifulplacethatyoumustvisitit.8.Whataterribleweatherwehavebeenhaving!9.IttookplaceinFrance,anEuropeancountry.10.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.11.Whatgoodtimewehadlastnight!12.Weshallspendthree-dayholidaytogether.13.Icametounderstandthatwasnoteasytoearnmoney.14.Someparentsthinkuselessforgirlstogotoschool.15.Whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplace.16.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.17.It’simportantthatweshouldthinkoverbeforedoinganything.18.Thetruckwasmovingsofastthatthedrivercouldn’tcontrol.19.Iapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.20.Wemusttakepartinthesocialpracticetoprepareuswellforourfuture.21.Theteacherdidnotpunishforcheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.22.Henrydidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoftenbrokedown.23.Therewasafive-poundnoteinthepocketofthetrousersIhadtoldhertowashit.24.Peoplecanhardlydosomefishingthere.25.Ivisitedaplacewhereissurroundedbymountains.26.Iamsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.27.Itwasyesterdaywhenhebrokethewindow.28.Hehadlosthisglasseswithoutthemhecouldn’tsee.29.OliverTwist,theheroofthestory,hewasanorphan.30.Itstartswithchoosingatreefromneitherafarmorastore.31.Sheneverhasenoughtimeforthatshewantstodo.32.IfindwhatIhaveoneshortcominginmycharacter.33.Whatnecessaryitisthatwegetridofthebadhabits.34.Itdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.35.PeopleintheUSdrinkmorecoffeethanpeopleinanycountry.36.Thedevelopmentwillbringusmuchmorehopesandchances.37.TheOlympicsareheldeachfouryears.38.Asummer,Franktraveledabroad.39.Ihopeyouthinkaboutmyrequestassoonaspossibly.40.IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.41.Asthereisnoairorwater,therecanbenolife,too.42.ThereweretoomanynicethingsthatIdidn’tknowwhattochoose.43.Hedecidestotravelalotandvisitsuchmanynewplacesaspossible.44.Icouldn’tseeasclearasbefore.45.Thewaterinitissodirtythatitsmellsterribly.46.Iappreciateyourhelpverywell.47.Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattentionandinspiredme.48.Itwasuntilmidnightthatitstoppedraining.49.Peoplebothathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.50.Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortable.51.Sheisabraveandhonestygirl.52.Itismucheasytomakeplansthantocarrythemout.53.Itisconvenientformetopreparefortheexamthanbefore.54.Hegavemeanorderworthy15milliondollars.55.ThetreewasputintoaChristmasstandthatholdsthetreeupstraightly.56.IsteachingkidsEnglishasinterestedasyouexpectedincollege?57.Wehadguestslastnightwhohadnotstayedinitago.58.Weareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesareenjoyable.59.Ifyouwon’twanttotakeataxi,youcangobybus.60.Ourcityisamoderncity.Itsetupintheearly1980s.61.Badhabitsnotcomesuddenly.62.IhavecaughtabadcoldforaweekandIcan’tgetridofit.63.Followingtheroadandyouwillfindthestore.64.Irushoverwithoutdelay,jumpedintothewaterandswamtowardshim.65.Youmustdoeverythingyoucanhelpthem.66.Whenarabbitseesomethingdangerous,itrunsaway.67.Itstail,whichiswhite,movingupanddownasitruns.68.ThinkperhapsIwastootired,Istoodupandwasgoingtosleep.69.IwasoftentiredandwatchTVdemandslittleeffort.70.Thelittlegirlhurriedhomewiththeremainedmoney.71.Hisyoungpatientwassoonabletogetupandranaboutagain.72.Itwaskindofthemtomeetmeatthestationanddrovemetotheirhome.73.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.74.Therewereover1000studentsattendit.75.IsitlikelytobeanyfoodatthepartyonSaturday?76.Pleaseexcuseusfornotabletosaygoodbyetoyou.77.Hespendshoursonthetelephone,talkstohisfriends.78.Fillingwithmanypeople,theroomiscrowded.79.Attheinterviewtherearemanypeoplewhowaittointerviewedforjobs.80.Itwillcostarocketahundredthousandyearstoreachit.81.Thereusedtohaveachurchinfrontoftheschool.82.Hopeyougreatsuccessinyourwork!83.Allyoucandoisencouraginghim,showhimunderstandingandofferhimadvice.84.InFridayafternoon,somestudentstookpartinaspeechactivity.85.Inafewweeksthestorywasreturnedtoher.86.ItwasveryfinewhenIgotupearlyonlastSundaymorning.87.IrushedoutthehouseasquicklyasIcould.88.Itisnecessarytodecidewhatisworthtakingnotice.89.IhaddifficultyingrammarafterIenteredintotheschool.90.Shecouldhardlyaffordforthemedicalcare.91.Butwedon’tseemtohavemuchtimetotalkabouttogether.92.Hewaspunishedbecausewhathehaddone.93.Theiceisn’tthickenoughforustoskate.94.Igaveyoumyluggageataquarterofanhourago.95.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.96.Hemeanstocomenoearlierasthattime.97.Wemustreturnbacktoschoolthisafternoon98.Childasheis,butheknowsalot.99.Havingbeenillforalongtime,soshefellbehindherclassmates.100.Thinkinghehappenedtohavenoworktodo,andhecamebackhome.第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）(2018I卷)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）(2018II卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）(2018III卷)ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell.”Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.Answers1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;father-father’s;hearts-heart;6-10size-sizes;aplace;刪除a;an-a;刪除a11-15agoodtime;athree-day;that后加it;think后加it;them-it;16-20showed后加it;think后加it;control后加it;me-myself;us-ourselves;21-25punish后加me;that-which;刪除it;some-any;where-which;26-30刪除it;when-that;them-which;刪除he;neither-either;31-35that-what;what-that;What-How;that-whether;any后加other;36-40much-many;each-every;A-One;possibly-possible;particular-particularly;41-45too-either;too-so;such-as;clear-clearly;terribly-terrible;46-50well-much;s