Fundamentals of Forest Products Chemical Processing 林產(chǎn)化工專業(yè)英語智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年東北林業(yè)大學

FundamentalsofForestProductsChemicalProcessing林產(chǎn)化工專業(yè)英語智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年東北林業(yè)大學Cellulosefibersareinsolubleinmostconventionalsolvents,includingwater.

答案:對Onthebasisofthecross-linkingmethod,thehydrogelscanbedividedintochemicalgelsandphysicalgels.

答案:對Hemicelluloseandcellulosefollowthesamebiosyntheticroutes.

答案:對Themechanismsbywhichtheheatmayflowarethree:conduction,convection,andradiation.

答案:對Biochemicalpretreatmentismainlyusedtoovercomerecalcitrantmaterialandincreasesurfaceareatooptimizecelluloseaccessibilitytocellulases.

答案:對Thevisuallyobservable“woodgrain”,whichresultsfromthehigherorderarrangementanddirectionalityofvariouscelltypes,

答案:對Oneofaclassofsubstancesthatcannotbeseparatedintosimplersubstancesbychemicalmeansareknownaselements.

答案:對Thecrystallinitiesofcellulosenanocrystalssamplesproducedfrombleachedpulp?bersusingstrongacidhydrolysiswerenotsubstantiallygreaterthanthatoftheoriginal?bers.

答案:對Whethertherawmaterialisvegetableoilorbeeftallow,thebio-dieselproducersrefertothismainingredientasfeedstock.

答案:對Ingeneral,crystallizationmaybeanalyzedfromthestandpointofpurity,yield,energyrequirements,andratesofformationandgrowthofcrystals.

答案:對Inthepapermakingprocess,thefirststepisrefining.

答案:對Naturalrubbercomesfromthemilkysapofatropicaltree.

答案:對Alkanesareunsaturatedhydrocarbons.

答案:錯ThemostcommoncellulasegroupsproducedbyT.reeseithatcleavetheβ-1,4-glycosidicbondsareβ-glucosidase,endoglucanasesandexoglucanases.

答案:對Intheprocessofliquid-liquidextraction,theliquid-mixturefeedandsolventaremiscible.

答案:錯Insomecases,momentum,heat,andmasstransferalloccursimultaneously.

答案:對HydrothermalwasfirstusedbytheBritishgeologistSirRoderickMurchison(1792-1871)todescribetheactionofwateratelevatedtemperatureandpressure,inbringingaboutchangesintheearth’scrustleadingtotheformationofvariousrocksandminerals.

答案:對Allmatterismadefromsomekindsofchemicals.

答案:對Additionalcleaningandconditioningstepsmayberequiredtoremoveothercontaminantssuchasammonia,sulfur,andcarbondioxide.

答案:對Hardwoodisalwaysharderthansoftwood.

答案:錯Thedegreeofassociationbetweenligninmoleculesdecreasedwithdecreasingionizationofthecarboxylicgroupinthelignin.

答案:錯Woodcellstransportandstorewaterandnutrientsthroughouttheorganism.

答案:對Whenheatingaliquidinatest-tube,weneedpointthetest-tubeawayfromotherpeople.

答案:對Beforeenteringthepapermachine,waterisaddedtothepulpslurrytomakeathinmixturenormallycontaininglessthan5percentfiber.

答案:錯Sulfitepulpingcanproceedbothinalkaline,pH-neutral,oracidicconditions.

答案:對Thepillsandmedicineweuseareallmadefromchemicals,thataretheretomakeourbodystrongerandtokillvirusesandbacteria.

答案:對Activatedcarboncanonlyabsorbodors.

答案:錯Allelementsaresymbolizedbyabbreviationsderivedfromtheirmodernnames.

答案:錯Aprimaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoanaldehyde,anditcan'tfurtheroxidationyieldsacarboxylicacid.

答案:錯Filtrationisaprocessusedtoseparatesolidsfromliquidsusingafiltermediumthatallowsthefluidtopassthroughbutnotthesolid.

答案:對Flavonoidsgenerallyoccurinplantsasglycosylatedderivatives.

答案:對Pulpingistheprocessbywhichthebondswithinthecellulosicfibersinthecellwallsarerupturedeithermechanicallyorchemically.

答案:對ConcentratedacidsmustbeneutralizedwithNaHCO3beforedisposingthemdownthesink.

答案:對Modificationsonhydroxylgroupscanleadtotheformationofpolyolderivativesoflignin.

答案:對Thestandardizationandqualityaspectofherbalmedicinebecomesahighprofileissue.

答案:對Theseparationoperationcalleddistillationutilizesvaporandliquidphasesatessentiallythesametemperatureandpressureforthecoexistingzones.

答案:對Approximately80%oftheglobaloilandfatproductionisanimalorigin,whereas20%isofvegetableoil.

答案:錯Asecondaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoaketone.

答案:對Safetygogglesandlaboratorycoathastobewornatalltimeinalaboratory.

答案:對Inwood,thenaturalstateofcellulose,calledcelluloseII.

答案:錯Extractionandcharacterizationofseveralactivephyto-compoundsfromthesegreenfactorieshavegivenbirthtosomehighactivityprofiledrugs.

答案:對Activecarboniscarbonthathasbeentreatedwithoxygen.

答案:對Dependingonthenatureofcellulosicmaterials,celluloseaerogelsincludecellulosederivative-basedones,regeneratedcellulose-basedones,andnanocellulose-basedones.

答案:對Cellulosehydrogelscanbepreparedfromacellulosesolutionthroughphysicalcross-linking.

答案:對Phosphoricacidcannotbeusedtopreparecrystallinecellulosenanoparticles.

答案:錯O2isacompound.

答案:錯Generally,thermalenergy,chemicaltreatmentarethemainstrategyfordepolymerizinglignin.

答案:對Therearethreecommonstatesofmatter:gaseous,liquid,andsolid.

答案:對Thebasicflavonoidstructureistheflavannucleus,whichconsistsof15carbonatomsarrangedinthreerings(C6-C3-C6).

答案:對Plantoilsaretriglycerides,tri-estersofglycerolwithlongchainfattyacids,withvaryingcompositionoffattyacidsdependingontheplant,thecrop,theseason,andthegrowingconditions.

答案:對Thebleachingstepisnecessaryinthepulpingandpapermakingprocess.

答案:錯Furfuralisexclusivelyproducedfromlignocellulosicbiomassbydehydratingpentose.

答案:對Polyphenolsaregenerallywater-insolublecompounds.

答案:錯Thecellulosemicrofibrilsonlyhavecrystallineregions.

答案:錯Typicallyphotosynthesisconverts10%oftheavailablesunlighttostored,chemicalenergy.

答案:錯Theradicalpolymerizationofvinylicmonomersontoligninhasbeenusedtopreparelignin-graftcopolymersbya‘‘graftingfrom”procedure.

答案:對Thetwoatomsofanoxygenmoleculearejoinedtogetherbyanionicbond.

答案:錯Pretreatmentwithdiluteacidhaslittleeffectonlignin.

答案:錯Modificationofligninpriortoresinsynthesishastypicallybeenperformedbyreactingligninwithphenolinthepresenceoforganicsolventssuchasmethanolorethanol.

答案:對Inthelaboratory,themostbasicformoffiltrationisusinggravitytofilteramixture.

答案:對Evaporationistheremovalofsolventasvaporfromasolution,slurryorsuspension.

答案:對Asthemixtravelsupaconveyer,anelectromagnetremovesanymetalcontaminates.

答案:對Evenifhighlyvolatilesolventsareexposedtoasourceoffire,theywillnotcauseafire.

答案:錯Diluteacidhydrolysis(1-3%)candestroycellulosecrystalsatroomtemperature.

答案:錯Inafallingfilmevaporator,theliquidisfedatthebottomofthetubesinaverticaltubebundle.

答案:錯Thedegreeofunsaturation,whichcanbeexpressedbytheiodinevalue(amountofiodineingthatcanreactwithdoublebondspresentin100gofsampleunderspecifiedconditions).

答案:對Heartwoodisoftendarkerthanthesapwood.

答案:對Theterm"chemicalengineer"impliesthatthepersonisprimarilyanengineerwhosefirstprofessionalconcerniswithmanufacturingprocesses-makingsomething,ormakingsomeprocesswork.

答案:對TheTgandviscosityofthecopolymercanbeincreasedbyincreasingthelengthofthegraftchain.

答案:錯ThelignincontentwasestimatedbythegravimetricKlasonprocedure.

答案:對Biochemicalapproachesincludethreeunit-operationsnamely,pretreatment,hydrolysis,anddistillation.

答案:錯Chemicalactivationisusuallycarriedoutatlowertemperatures(from400to700℃)withactivatingagentslikephosphoricacid,potassiumhydroxide,sodiumhydroxideandzincchloride.

答案:對Whenthepaperisdryitmaybetreatedwithstabilizingmaterialsandsurfacefinishestoimprovedurabilityorprintability.

答案:對Thetraditionaltechniquesofsolventextractionofplantmaterialsaremostlybasedonthecorrectchoiceofsolventsandtheuseofheator/andagitationtoincreasethesolubilityofthedesiredcompoundsandimprovethemasstransfer.

答案:對Generally,thecellulosiccellwallfromnearlyanyplantortreescanbeusedforpulp.

答案:對Biomassismostlymadeupofcarbon,hydrogen,compoundsdidnotburncalledash.

答案:對Awormscrewsupplythemixturetoapressroll,aconstantsprayofwaterkeepsthemixturefromstickingtoit.

答案:對Furfuralcanbeproducedbyaone-steporatwo-stepprocess.Theadvantageoftheone-stepprocessisthatahigherquantityoffurfuralisproducedwhencomparedtothetwo-stepprocess.

答案:錯Theyspraytherubbercubeswithamixofcalciumcarbonateandsolventthemixtureformsthefilmonthecubesthatpreventsmoldandkeepsthemfromstickingtogetherduringtransport.

答案:對Ifthefeedisintroducedatonepointalongthecolumnshell,thecolumnisdividedintoanuppersection,whichisoftencalled

thestrippingsection,andalowersection,whichisoftenreferredtoastherectifyingsection.

答案:錯Filtercakesareformedlateinthefluidflow.

答案:錯Hotairblowsintothisdryertobringthesugarshumidityleveldownto0.05percent,thatstandardfortablesugar.

答案:錯Heatfluxesmaythenbebasedeitherontheinsideareaortheoutsideareaofthechoiceisarbitrary.

答案:對Extractionmaybeusedtoseparatemorethantwocomponents;andmixturesofsolvents,insteadofasinglesolvent,areneededinsomeapplications.

答案:對Sodiumhydroxideandcalciumhydroxidecanbeusedinsteadofpotassiumhydroxidetoneutralizetheacid.

答案:對Dryingisanabsolutetermthatmeansacertainvalue.

答案:錯Themainresistancetotheflowofheatormasstoasurfacelieswithinthelaminarsublayer.

答案:對Anyevaporatorthatusespumptoensurehighercirculationvelocityiscalledaforcedcirculationevaporator.

答案:對Polyphenolsalsocharacteristicallypossessasignificantbindingaffinityforproteins,whichcanleadtotheformationofsolubleandinsolubleprotein-polyphenolcomplexes

答案:對Terpeneisderivefroma5Ccompound,isoprene.

答案:對Therearetwodifferenttypesofpolysaccharidehydrolysis,involvingacidic(sulfuricacid)orenzymaticreactions.

答案:對LigninmainlyhastwotypesoflinkagesincludingC-CandC-O-C.

答案:對Thenon-bondedorbitalinteractions(π-πinteractions)ofthearomaticgroupscouldcausedtheassociationofligninmolecules.

答案:對Thearomaticmoietiespresentintheligninstructurewillimprovethemechanicalandthermalpropertiesofepoxyresins.

答案:對Cardanoldoublebondmaybeepoxidisedorundergoolefin-metathesisreactionwhichmayactasmodifiedmonomerfortheformationofdifferentsetofpolymers.

答案:對Thereactivityofligninhasnothingtodowithitssolubility.

答案:錯Inadditiontoglucomannan,minoramountsofmiscellaneouspolysaccharidesarepresentinhardwoods.

答案:錯Thesofteningtemperature(Ts)ofligninsindrystateishigherthanthatinmoistlignins.

答案:對Highlyporousaerogelsusuallytendtoshowhigheroil-sorptioncapacities

答案:對Therelativedistributionofphenolicnucleiinligninstronglydiffersbetweenplantspecies.

答案:對Theroleofhemicelluloseistomodifyandcrosslinkthebasicfibrilsandpromotetheinteractionbetweenotherbiopolymers.

答案:對Theouterlayer(S1)isthickerthanThemiddlelayer(S2).

答案:錯Fossilisedbiomasshas

beenexploitedascoalandoil.

答案:對Cellulosehasmanyhydroxylgroupswhichcanformhydrogenbondinglinkednetworkeasily.

答案:對Softwoodsaremainlyvesselmembers,fibres,andparenchyma,andhardwoodsaremainlymadeofmadeoftracheidsandparenchyma.

答案:對Klasonlignin

isastandardanalyticalmethodtomeasurethelignincontentoflignocellulosicbiomass.

答案:對Starchonlyhasoneforms,i.e.amylose.

答案:錯Foresterificationreactionofcellulose,theconversionwaslowandforsilynationreaction,theconversionisgoodbutwithahighcost.

答案:對Inthecaseoffirealarm,weneedstopallofyourongoingwork,turnoffgasandelectricdevices.

答案:對Ifyouworkwithflammablesolvent,makesurethereisnosourceofignitioncloseby.

答案:對Ifaliquidgetsinto