Unit1PeopleofAchievementVocabulary單詞講解課件高二英語人教版選擇性

Unit1PeopleofAchievementWordsandExpressionsNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinephysiology/?f?zi??l?d?i/ n. 生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能

physicsn.物理學(xué)physicaladj.身體的，物理的physicistn.物理學(xué)家physiciann.內(nèi)科醫(yī)師

2.artemisinin /,ɑ?t?'mi?s?n?n/ n. 【藥】青蒿素3.wormwood /?w??mw?d/ n. 蒿；洋艾worm(蟲子）+wood（木頭）4.malaria /m??le?ri?/ n. 瘧疾5.crucial /'kru???l/ adj.

至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的

eg：

Masteringaforeignlanguageisofcruialimportance/cruciallyimportant.掌握一門外語是很重要的。Synonym:important/critical/vitalPhrase:1.Beofcrucial/vital/important至關(guān)重要

2.Playacrucial/important/vitalroleinsth...在...起重要作用3.Atthecrucialmoment在緊要關(guān)頭adv.cruciallyn.cruciality6．vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的(P2)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.【翻譯】青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，僅在非洲一年就可以挽救10萬人的生命。Synonym:important,essential,significant,crucial,critical,necessarybevitalto/for…對……很重要e.g.Agoodlearningenvironmentisvitalto/forallofus.(2)Itisvital(forsb.)todosth.做某事是很重要的(3)Itisvitalthatsb(should)dosth做某事是十分重要的

（虛擬語氣）

翻譯：重要的是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上進(jìn)行手術(shù)。

It’svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.(4)（be）ofvitalimportance=(be)vitallyimportante.g.AsfarasI’mconcerned,readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.

就我個(gè)人而言，閱讀在語言學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要。[針對練習(xí)](1)Itisvitalthatwe_(should)beinformed_(inform)ofalldevelopments.重要的是我們必須熟悉所有的發(fā)展情況。(2)Itisvital__toprotect___(protect)wildanimals.(3)Considerationforotherpeopleisvital__to/for___allofus.(4)Itis_of___vitalimportancethatyoufollowallsafetyrules.同根詞：

admit:

ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行、送)→容許……進(jìn)入

permit:per-

(through通過)+mit(tosend送)→送其過去使通過→許可；準(zhǔn)許

transmit:

trans-(across越過)

+mit(tosend送)→輸送；傳送commit詞源解讀commit:

com-(together一起)+

mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔(dān)義務(wù)等

→（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證commitv

vt

犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.

vi&vt（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFund.

2008上海①commitsb/oneselfto(doing)sth:Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.②commitsb/oneselftodosth:Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettletheconflictspeacefully.SMOKINGKILLS課文

vt投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorningcommittedadj

盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的willingtoworkveryhardatsth：TuYouyouisacommittedandpatientscientist.Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticingit.2017江蘇課文改commitment

n

[C]承諾；許諾；保證apromiseoranagreementtodosth：①commitmentto(doing)sth:Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北②commitmenttodosth:Hepaidusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.人教新選必③–4

[C]承諾的事/責(zé)任：I’moverworkedatthemoment—I’vetakenontoomanycommitments.

[U]投入；奉獻(xiàn)beingpreparedtogivealotofyourtimeandattentiontosthbecauseyoubelieveitisrightorimportant：Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment.選必三Unit4同義異構(gòu)：devotion同義異構(gòu)：makeapromisetodosth抽象名詞具體化【詞匯拓展】commit&commitment

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“發(fā)送”錯(cuò)誤或非法的事情犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等）投入承諾；許諾；保證commitment把時(shí)間精力金錢等“發(fā)送”到某事上把承諾、努力“發(fā)送”到某事上（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證commit投入；奉獻(xiàn)發(fā)送commit（基本義）承諾的事/責(zé)任[針對練習(xí)](1)Hehascommittedhimself________(support)them.(2)Theboy_______(commit)tothecareofhisauntyesterday.(3)Whatreallymattersaboutaleaderistheir_____(commit)togettingtotherightanswerandtodoingitintherightway.【答案】(1)tosupport/tosupporting(2)wascommitted(3)commitmentacademy&academic詞源：在希臘神話中有一位絕世美女海倫，少女的時(shí)候，她被來自雅典的英雄忒修斯劫走。海倫的兩個(gè)哥哥來到雅典，要求歸還自己的妹妹，并威脅要動用武力。正在這危急時(shí)刻，一個(gè)名叫阿卡德摩斯（Akademos）的農(nóng)夫告訴了他們海倫的位置。兩兄弟很快就奪回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因?yàn)槭寡诺浔苊饬艘粓鰬?zhàn)爭而成為英雄，得到神靈的庇佑，他的橄欖樹林年年豐收。這片橄欖樹林也因此得名Akademeia。

后來，哲學(xué)家柏拉圖在這片橄欖樹林里創(chuàng)建了學(xué)園。人們將他的學(xué)園也稱為Akademeia。英語單詞academy就來源于柏拉圖創(chuàng)建的Akademeia學(xué)園。原本專指柏拉圖所創(chuàng)建的學(xué)園，但后來詞義進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)充，泛指各種學(xué)術(shù)研究性機(jī)構(gòu)。

（某一領(lǐng)域的）研究院；學(xué)會：ChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)

?？茖W(xué)校；（尤指音樂、軍事）學(xué)院：apolice/militaryacademyanacademyofmusic

（美國的）私立學(xué)校academyn[C]academic

adj［常用于名詞前］

學(xué)校的；學(xué)院的connectedwiththeeducationalactivitiesofschools,collegesanduniversities：theofficeofacademicaffairs

anacademicdegree/qualification/year

學(xué)術(shù)的connectedwithstudyingfrombooks,oppositetopracticalskills：academicsubjects/institutions

Beingunabletouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.2010湖北

n[C]大學(xué)教師9.objective(1)n.[C]目標(biāo)；目的(=aim/goal/purpose/intention)e.g.TheChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentforCOVID-19.

中國政府組建一支以探索治療新冠病毒方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍。

(2)adj.客觀的

[反]subjectiveasubjectiveimpression主觀印象asubjectivejudgement/opinion主觀判斷/觀點(diǎn)

anobjectiveattitude客觀的態(tài)度

n.object物體

v.反對

objectto辨析object與objective作名詞時(shí)的比較：(1)object是一般的“目的”，比較抽象；objective原意是軍事行動的“目標(biāo)”，可借喻為一般“目標(biāo)”，比較具體。如：①Hermainobjectinlifeistogainhappiness.她的人生目標(biāo)是獲得幸福。(目標(biāo)比較抽象)②ThesoleobjectivethatallhiseffortsaredirectedtoisthetotalliberationoftheAfricanpeople.他所做的一切努力都是為了非洲人民的徹底解放這一目標(biāo)。(目標(biāo)比較具體)10.botanical/b??t?n?k(?)l/adj.植物學(xué)的

abotanicalgarden植物園

n.botany/?b?t(?)ni/植物學(xué)

n.botanist

植物學(xué)家11.evaluatevt.評價(jià)；評估

n.evaluation評估；評價(jià)

n.value

價(jià)值v.珍惜

Phrase:1.evaluatesb.on/by根據(jù)……評價(jià)某人2.makeanevaluationof對……進(jìn)行評估3.evaluateone’sability/thecost評價(jià)某人的能力/評估費(fèi)用單句語法填空(1)Wemustevaluateherability________herwork.(2)Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit’shard________(evaluate)itssuccess.(3)Thekeyapproachestobeusedintestand________(evaluate)havebeenprovenright.【答案】(1)on/by

(2)toevaluate

(3)evaluation12.property/?pr?p?ti/ n. (1)[U]

財(cái)產(chǎn)；資產(chǎn)intellectualpropertyrights(IPR)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

propertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)(2)[C]（常用pl.）性質(zhì)；特性chemical/

physicalproperties化學(xué)性質(zhì)/物理性質(zhì)medicalproperties

藥性13.distinct/d??st??kt/adj.(1)清晰的(clear)

(2)有區(qū)別的(different)

bedistinctfrom...in...(＝bedifferentfrom...in...)在……方面與……截然不同

n.distinction

區(qū)別；差別

make/drawadistinction區(qū)分開來；區(qū)別對待makenodistinction 沒有區(qū)別

asinger/writerofdistinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家Itisdistinctthat...很明顯……v.distinguish區(qū)分(~AfromB)distinguishbetweenrightandwrong 明辨是非

adj.distinguished卓越的，

杰出的

即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Goldisdistinct________iron.②Thereisafine________(distinct)betweenthetwowords.③Wemustmakeadistinction________formallanguageandinformallanguage.④It'sdifficultforachildto_______________________(明辨是非).⑤________________________(……是明顯的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.14.extract /?ekstr?kt/n.提取物；摘錄;

/?k?str?kt/vt.提??；摘錄；ex向外+tract搜，拉→向外拉→extract提取，提煉adj.extractable可抽出的，可榨出的；可推斷出的n.

extraction取出；抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身

extractor提取器；抽出者；退彈簧Synonym:vt.提取；取出；[圖情]摘錄；榨取abstractn.汁juice15.boil/b??l/ vt.&vi.（使）沸騰；煮開；燒開boiledwaterboilingwaterboileup

boilwithangereg:Herrudenessmadeherboilwithanger.(怒不可遏/怒火中燒)16.liquid/?l?kw?d/n.液體Synonym:fluideg:Mostmatterhasthreestates:solid,liquidandgas.adj.液體的；液態(tài)的obtainknowledge/one’sdegree獲得知識/學(xué)位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb.給某人帶來某物obtainsth.bydoingsth.通過做某事獲得某物

obtain...from/outof/through... 從……中得到……Phrase即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Someofthesaltthatweuseisobtained________thesea.②Wecanobtainexperience________constantpractice.③Thesearetheresults________(obtain)throughthesesurveys.④Youshould________________(獲得允許)fromtheheadteacherbeforeyouleaveschool.⑤Bothofthesebookscan______________(從……中得到)thelibrary.愛讀英文小說的同學(xué)們，一定對上圖中的話不陌生。這是英國著名小說家簡·奧斯汀

(Jane

Austen)所著的長篇小說《傲慢與偏見》(PrideandPrejudice)的開篇第一句，譯成中文是：凡是有錢的單身漢，總想娶位太太，這已經(jīng)成了一條舉世公認(rèn)的道理。acknowledge17.obtain /?b?te?n/vt.（尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得；贏得eg:(課文)Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquid

obtainedfromthistotreatmalaria.之后，他們嘗試水煎新鮮青蒿葉，用熬出的液體治療瘧疾?！矮@得”近義詞：acquire,gain,earn,acknowledge詞源解讀：ac-(處于)+knowledge(知道、了解)→處于知道的狀態(tài)→承認(rèn)(基本義)acknowledgevt

承認(rèn)toacceptoradmitthatsthistrueorexists：acknowledgeone’serrorHeisacknowledgedas/tobe

oneofthegreatestpianists.Theyacknowledged(tous)thattheyweredefeated.“承認(rèn)”某事的真實(shí)性，比admit正式acknowledge教材語境:Theirprojectgostuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledge

defeat.①ThisSundaytheleaderoftheteamdeliveredaspeechandacknowledgedhavingbeendefeated.acknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做某事②It’sgenerallyacknowledgedthateducationshouldn’tbemeasuredonlybyexaminationresults.It’suniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為；公認(rèn)acknowledgementn[C]&[U]承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]鳴謝有些英文書的正文前或正文后有一頁Acknowledgements，可翻譯成“致謝；感謝；鳴謝”。承認(rèn)（基本義）向……打招呼；對……做出反應(yīng)承認(rèn)承認(rèn)某事的真實(shí)性承認(rèn)看到某人或某物acknowledge

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖承認(rèn)獲得別人的幫助（公開）感謝(1)Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge_____________(steal)thelady’spurse.(2)Sheisacknowledged______________(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.(3)Iwassentafreecopyin___________(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.【答案】(1)stealing

(2)tobe

(3)acknowledgement

Phrasedefeat挫敗并不是最糟糕的失敗，不去嘗試才是真正的失敗。defeat

vt

擊?。粦?zhàn)勝(beat)：defeatanenemyOurteamwasnarrowlydefeatedinthefinal.

使（計(jì)劃、希望等）落空；使受挫tostopsthfrombeingsuccessful：Don’tletyourarmsrelaxasthatwoulddefeattheobject/purposeof

theexercise.

n[C]&[U]擊敗；戰(zhàn)?。皇。簊ufferadefeatacknowledge/admit/acceptdefeatdefeatn．[C，U]失?。淮鞌t.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫；使困惑，難住(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不認(rèn)輸。(1)n.[C]具體aheavydefeat慘敗

abig/baddefeat大敗anarrowdefeat惜敗

suffer(a)defeat遭遇失敗(2)n.[U]抽象admit/accept/facedefeat 認(rèn)輸/接受失敗/面臨失敗acknowledgedefeat 承認(rèn)失敗(3)vt.defeattheenemy 擊敗敵人defeatateam 打敗一支隊(duì)伍bedefeatedatchess 在下國際象棋時(shí)被打敗詞語辨析：defeat，beat與win(1)defeat/beat

賓語為對手是，兩者可通用。

defeat的賓語通常是敵人。

beat多用于競爭、比賽、辯論等。(2)win

賓語多是game,match,race,election,prize等。

不能接人，但可以說winoversb（把某人爭取過來）語境助記：Ibeathimattennis.我在網(wǎng)球上擊敗了他。Shebeathiminthecontest.她在競賽中把他擊敗了。analyseana-,向上，向后。-lyse,松開，同lose，loose.eg:Weneedtoanalysewhatwentwrong.

我們需要分析是什么出了差錯(cuò)。n.analysis分析

analyst分析者adj.analytic分析的（派生詞）

analytical分析的

7．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然(P2)Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的結(jié)論是，煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用性能。(1)Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove…正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣……(2)apparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的Itisapparentthat…

顯然……apparenthonesty 外表上的誠實(shí)anapparentreason 明顯的原因fornoapparentreason 不知什么原因PhraseApparent常見句型：Itisapparentthat...顯而易見的是……Itisapparentfromsth.that...某事表明……Itisapparenttosb.that...某人明白……注意：以上句型中it都是形式主語，真正主語都是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，當(dāng)名詞性從句作主語時(shí)則是主語從句。即學(xué)即練①Asis________(apparent)indicatedinthetable,thehousepriceshavedropped.②Itisapparent________themanhaslosthispatience.③________(apparent),blindlyfollowingothers'advicewillaffectourownjudgment.④Hepaused,________(apparent)lostinthought.完成句子⑤___________(……很明顯)thedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.⑥____________________________________________________(很明顯，這個(gè)女孩沒明白)whattheteacherhadsaid.substance/?s?bst?ns/ n.物質(zhì)；物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)；實(shí)質(zhì)sub-下,低+-st-站立,放置+-ance名詞詞尾→站在下面→本質(zhì)achemical/radioactivesubstance化學(xué)/放射性物質(zhì)

aman/womanofsubstance財(cái)主eg：Nothingofanysubstancewasachievedinthemeeting.

會議沒有取得任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。Synonym:matter/asset/essence/truthPhrase:insubstance事實(shí)上（=infact、inpractice）insist詞源解讀：in-(upon在……之上)+sist(tostand站)→站在自己的立場上→堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為同根詞：assist:as-(to到)+sist(tostand站)→站到某人身邊→幫助；協(xié)助resist:

re-(against對抗)+sist(tostand站)

→站起來對抗→抗拒；抵抗

堅(jiān)持說；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenothersdon’tbelieveyou：①insistonsth:Heinsistedonhisinnocence.②insist+(that)從句：Heinsistedthathewasright.注：insist表示“堅(jiān)持”和“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，that從句中用虛擬語氣；而表示“堅(jiān)持說”和“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)則不用。insiston(doing)sth.

表示堅(jiān)持某種做法、意見、主張。e.g.Johninsistedonpayingforlunchtoday.stick?to?(doing?)?sth.表示堅(jiān)持原則、計(jì)劃、諾言、真理e.g.Healwaysstickstohispromise.?persist?in?(doing?)sth.常包含固執(zhí)己見的意思，也可指意志堅(jiān)定e.g.Shepersistedinwearingthatold-fashioneddress.辨析[針對練習(xí)](1)Heinsisted______walkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.(2)Theteacherinsistedthatallthehomework________(hand)inonMonday.(3)Heinsistedthattheproblem_____(discuss)atthemeeting.(4)②Heinsistedthathe________(do)nothingwrongand__________(set)free.

scientific詞根：scienceadv.scientificallyn.sciencescientistscientificmethod/revolution/dataeg:Hetookaveryscientificapproachtomanagement.他采取了一種非?？茖W(xué)的管理方法。Synonym:systematicMostly詞根：mostadj.most大部分的，多數(shù)的；最多的adv.most最；非常，極其；最多；幾乎n.most大部分，大多數(shù)eg:Iamworkingwithmostlyhighlymotivatedpeople.我正與大多都積極性很高的人們共事。Synonym:mainly/generally/primarillywearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗

(教材P4)Scientistsneedtoevaluatehowthenewmaterialstandsuptowearandteartoprovehowvaluableitis.科學(xué)家們需要評估這種新材料如何經(jīng)得起磨損來證明它的價(jià)值。aneffectivewaytopreventwearandtear 有效防止磨損的方法shownosignofwearandtear 沒有磨損的跡象wear穿（衣服），戴（首飾等）；蓄（須），留（發(fā)）銷蝕，磨損，踩出（路），磨出（洞）；流露，面帶（某種表情）

wearin磨合wearout消耗殆盡，精疲力竭wearoff逐漸消逝wearon（時(shí)間）消逝wear（wore、worn）1.wearyourheartonyoursleeve

讓感情外露；把心事掛在臉上2.wearthin開始變?nèi)酰蛔兊貌皇軞g迎；變得興趣索然eg:Theseexcusesarewearingalittlethin(=becausewe'veheardthemsomanytimesbefore).這些托詞讓人聽得有點(diǎn)兒膩煩。3.wearthetrousers

（在婚姻等關(guān)系中）處于支配的位置，起指揮的作用tearv.撕碎，撕裂n.眼淚

tear（tore,torn)

eg:Don'tyoudaretearupherticket.你竟敢撕壞她的票。Annwipedatearfromhereye.安擦去眼里的淚水。shedtears流淚intears流淚tearup撕毀隨堂檢測commit&committed一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thisisamanwhohas

committedacrime.____________2.Thereareunconfirmedreportsthathetriedto

commitsuicide. ____________3.Thegovernmentmust

commititselftoimprovinghealthcare. ____________4.Alotofmoneyhasbeen

committed

tothisproject.____________犯罪自殺承諾/保證投入二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Volunteersneedto______________(commit),patientandsensitivetoothers.（2014廣東）2.TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoney_________thepoorestnations.3.Thegovernmentiscommittedto____________(achieve)equalrightsforwomen.be

committedtoachievingacademy&academic寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Weneedtodevelopbridgesbetweenacademic

research

andpractice.____________2.Theuniversityiscomposedoffiveacademicschools.____________3.ThemeetingwaschairedbyaleadingJapaneseacademic.____________4.Hegraduatedfromanacademyofmusic

inhisearlydays.____________5.Thelecturewasgivenundertheauspices（主辦）oftheAcademyofSciences.____________學(xué)院的學(xué)者學(xué)術(shù)的音樂學(xué)院科學(xué)院acknowledge一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Heacknowledgesthatwhenhe’stiredhegetsbad-tempered. ____________2.Wewishtoacknowledgethesupportoftheuniversity. ____________3.Hewaved,acknowledgingtheapplause._____________承認(rèn)感謝對……做出回應(yīng)63二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Itiswidely________________(acknowledge)thatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.（2014福建）2.Thefilmfestivalisacknowledged__________aneventofinternationalimportance.3.Sheisusuallyacknowledged____________(be)oneofourbestartists.4.Theflowerswereasmall________________(acknowledge)ofyourkindness.astobeacknowledgedacknowledgement寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedtoimprove.（2018天津）_______2.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.（2008廣東）_______3.Shewasawomanwhohatedtoadmitdefeat._______4.Weweredefeatedby3goalsto2._______5.Ourambitions（雄心壯志）forthistournamenthavebeendefeatedbytheweather._______戰(zhàn)敗defeat

戰(zhàn)勝認(rèn)輸擊敗使……落空insist將下列句子譯成英語。1.我堅(jiān)決要求立即答復(fù)。____________________________________________2.老師堅(jiān)持要每個(gè)學(xué)生都來參加聚會。__________________________________________________3.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對的。__________________________________________________Iinsistonanimmediateanswer.Theteacherinsisted(that)everystudent(should)cometotheparty.Heinsistedthathewasright.1.scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的;關(guān)于科學(xué)的2.mostlyadv.主要地;一般地3.wearandtear (正常使用造成的)磨損;損耗4.conclusion n. 結(jié)論;推論5.penicillin n. 青霉素;盤尼西林6.flee vt./vi. (fled，fled)

迅速離開;逃跑7.circumstance n. (usuallypl)條件；環(huán)境;狀況8.novelist n. 小說家9.novel n. (長篇)小說10.flow n. 流;流動;流暢;供應(yīng)v.流;流動11.chart n. 圖表v.記錄;制訂計(jì)劃12.flowchart 流程圖13.found vt. 創(chuàng)建;建立;把……建立在14.infer vt. 推斷;推定15.politician n. 從政者;政治家;政客24.conclusion

n.結(jié)論，推論

arriveat/cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論

inconclusion最后，總之(=inaword/inshort/inbrief/allinall)jumptoaconclusion匆忙下結(jié)論

concludevt.斷定；推斷出；得出結(jié)論conclude(sth.)with用……結(jié)束（某事）flee

vi.&vt.(fled,fled)迅速離開；逃跑(教材P5)Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.之后，愛因斯坦不得不逃離德國。

fleeaplace

逃離某地fleeaway 逃離fleefrom 從……逃離；避免eg:Thefirespreadquicklybutthepeoplewereluckytobeabletofleefromtheburninghouse.火蔓延得很快，但人們很幸運(yùn)能從燃燒的房子里逃出來。即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thefamily________(flee)fromGermanytoAmerica________thebeginning________WorldWarⅡ.完成句子②Atthesight________thehunter,thewolf_________(逃走)interror.③Yesterdayonthehighway,henarrowly__________(避免)atrafficaccidentandescapedbeingkilledbyarunningcar.25.circumstancen.

(常用復(fù)數(shù)）條件、環(huán)境、狀況

in/under...circumstances在……情況下

in/undernocircumstances決不；無論如何不（放在句首，部分倒裝）

翻譯：我們絕不能做對他人不利的事。e.g.

Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.近義短語“絕不，任何情況都不”：innocase,innoway,onnocondition,onnoaccount,atnotimenovelist

theonewhowtitesnovelseg:Heleniaaverywell-knownnovelistinAustralia

海倫是澳大利亞著名的小說家。synonym:fictionistadj.novel新奇的n.novel小說

novelty新奇，新奇的事物，新穎小巧而廉價(jià)的東西vt.novelize使小說化noveladj.新奇的，異常的（=freshn.小說story/fictioneg:Haveyoureadhernewnovelsflown．流；流動；流暢；供應(yīng)vi.流；流動(教材P5)Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.我被要求借助流程圖來解釋該項(xiàng)目。(1)theflowofcars 車流theflowofwater 水流theflowoffunds 資金流stoptheflowofbloodfromthewound 止住傷口流血(2)floweastwardintoocean 向東流入海洋flowthroughthevillage 流經(jīng)村莊26.foundv.創(chuàng)建；建立(founded-founded-founding)“建立”近義詞：build,setup,establish

foundern.創(chuàng)辦者，奠基者foundationn.基礎(chǔ)；地基；創(chuàng)立

layasolid/firmfoundationfor...為...打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)

區(qū)分：find(尋找)---found---found

誤區(qū)警示：find(發(fā)現(xiàn))—found—found→不規(guī)則動詞found(建立)—founded—founded→規(guī)則動詞拓展比較：表示“建立”的詞匯：establish,build,setup。(1)build指一般“修建”“建立”，可與house,road,bridge,socialism,hope等詞連用。(2)establish建立，樹立。兼指具體和抽象事物，有“穩(wěn)固建成”之含義?？膳cschool,reputation,government等連用，(建立學(xué)校/名聲/政府……)(3)setup建立，設(shè)立。著重“開始”之含義?？捎糜诰唧w事物，如school,flag-staff,monument(建立學(xué)校、樹立旗桿/紀(jì)念碑)[針對練習(xí)]①Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversity__________(found).②TsinghuaUniversity,________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.③Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythe________(found)forthenewschool.完成句子④________________________(建于20世紀(jì)早期),theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.Infer詞源：詞根詞綴：in-向內(nèi)+-fer-拿取→向里面拿→探究其深層意義→推斷eg:Muchofthemeaningmustbeinferredfromthecontext.

大部分含意必須從上下文中推斷。adj.

inferential推理的；推論的；根據(jù)推理的n.inference推理；推論；推斷Synonym:deduce/concludeInfer(non-standard)tosuggestindirectlythatsthistrue暗示eg:AreyouinferringthatI'mnotcapableofdongthisjobPoLiticianParaphrase:Apersonwhosejobisinpolitics,especiallyamemberofthegovernment.詞根詞綴：-polit-政治+-ician名詞詞Synonym:statesmanadj.political政治的；黨派的adv.politically政治上n.politics政治，政治學(xué)；政治活動；政綱

polity政體；國體；政治組織-icianelectrician電工technician技術(shù)人員musician音樂家numerousn.numerousness多數(shù)eg:Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已經(jīng)遲到過無數(shù)次了。synonym:alotof/lotsof/alargeamountof/plentyof/multiple/various/diversetheory1.[U]theprinciplesonwhichaparticularsubjectisbased理論；原理；原則

thetheoryandpracticeoflanguageteaching

語言教學(xué)理論與實(shí)踐2.[C]~(that)anopinionorideathatsbbelievesistruebutthatisnotproved（未證明的）意見；看法；推測

Ihavethistheorythatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworktobeingathome.

依我看，多數(shù)人喜歡工作而不愿待在家里。theoryintheory理論上basictheory基本理論synonym：mechanism/doctrinerelativityeg:Accordingtothetheoryofrelativity,nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.根據(jù)相對論，任何東西都無法超越光速。theoryofrelativity相對論generalrelativity廣義相對論specialrelativity狹義相對論relativityadj.relative相對的；有關(guān)系的；成比例的

related有關(guān)系的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的；講述的，敘述的

relational相關(guān)的；親屬的adv.relatively相當(dāng)?shù)?；相對地，比較地

relativistically相對論性地n.relative親戚；相關(guān)物；[語]關(guān)系詞；親緣植物

relationship關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián)

relation關(guān)系；敘述；故事；親屬關(guān)系

relativism相對主義；相對論

relatedness關(guān)聯(lián)性；關(guān)系；親緣formula[C](數(shù))aseriesofletters,numbersorsymbolsthatrepresentaruleorlaw公式；方程式；計(jì)算式Thisformulaisusedtocalculatetheareaofacircle.這個(gè)公式用于計(jì)算圓的面積。genius根據(jù)古希臘神話，每一個(gè)人出生時(shí)都有一位介于神人之間的守護(hù)神被分派來終生守護(hù)在人的身邊，而守護(hù)神的希臘文為"daimon"，拉丁文則為"genius"（birth），即發(fā)生、起源、誕生之意。古羅馬神話里的守護(hù)神之所以稱為Genius就是因?yàn)樗谝粋€(gè)新生命誕生時(shí)方才出現(xiàn)。gen-這個(gè)拉丁詞根所代表的第一個(gè)含意即“起源、誕生”。善良的人們對神寄予厚望，乞盼在嬰兒呱呱落地時(shí)這位守護(hù)之神能賜給孩子優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)、非凡的能力。久而久之，守護(hù)神的名字genius就成了天才、天賦的代名詞。geniusGeniusisverygreatabilityorskillinaparticularsubjectoractivity.天賦egThisisthemarkofherrealgeniusasadesigner.

這是她作為一名設(shè)計(jì)師的真正天賦的標(biāo)志。synonym:prodigy/talent/giftgentleeg;Helooksscarybuthe'sreallyagentlegiant.他看上去可怕，實(shí)際卻是個(gè)性格溫和的巨人。adv.gently輕輕地；溫柔地，溫和地n.gentility有教養(yǎng)，文雅；上流階層

gentleness溫順；親切；高貴；彬彬有禮1.numerous adj. 眾多的;許多的2.theory n. 理論;學(xué)說3.relativity n. 相對論;相對性4.formula n. 公式;方程式;配方5.genius n. 天才;天資;天賦6.gentle adj. 溫柔的;文靜的(gentlyadv.)7.patent n. 專利;專利證書;獲得專利8.passion n. 酷愛;激情9.doctorate n.博士學(xué)位10.extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的11.gradually adv. 逐漸地;逐步地12.photoelectric adj. 光電的13etopower (開始)掌權(quán);上臺(beinpower)1.institution n. 社會公共機(jī)構(gòu);制度;習(xí)俗2.institute n. (教育、專業(yè)等)機(jī)構(gòu);機(jī)構(gòu)建筑3.consequence n. 結(jié)果;后果4.takeupaposition 擔(dān)任;任職5.moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭6.peculiarity n 個(gè)性;特點(diǎn);怪異的性質(zhì)7.encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到

n.邂適;遭遇8.professor n. 教授9.mourn vt.＆.vi.哀悼;憂傷10.remarkable adv 非凡的;顯著的

(remarkablyadv.)11.device n. 方法;技巧;裝置;儀器12.sum v. 總結(jié);概括

n.金額;款項(xiàng);總數(shù);總和13.sumup 總結(jié);概括14.draft n. 草稿;草案

vt.起草;草擬Patent

Paraphrase:adocumentgrantinganinventorsolerightstoaninventionSentence:P&G

applied

fora

patent

on

its

cookies.

adj.patented專利的n.patentee專利權(quán)所有人Patent

Synonym:license/permitPhrase:nationalpatent

國家專利Phrase:patentlaw

專利法，專利patentapplication

專利申請書Passion

Synonym：heat/warmthPhrases：1.passionfor對…的強(qiáng)烈愛好2.haveapassionfor對…有強(qiáng)烈的愛好3.haveapassiontodoSth.殷切希望做某事4.passionfruit[植]百香果；西番蓮果Passion

Paraphrase：strongfeelingoremotionSentence：TheEnglishhaveapassionforgardens.英國人酷愛花園。adj.passionate熱情的；熱烈的，激昂的；易怒的passionless不熱情的，冷淡的；冷靜的adv.passionately熱情地；強(qiáng)烈地；激昂地Docterate

Paraphrase：oneofthehighestearnedacademicdegreesconferredbyauniversitySentence：She'sstudyingforherdoctorate.她正在攻讀博士學(xué)位。詞根:doctorSynonym：doctor'sdegreePhrases：1.doctoratedegree博士學(xué)位2.postdoctorate博士后Docterate

adj.doctoral博士的；博士學(xué)位的；有博士學(xué)位的doctorial博士的；學(xué)者的（等于doctorel）n.doctor醫(yī)生；博士doctoral博士論文vi.doctor就醫(yī)；行醫(yī)vt.doctor修理；竄改，偽造；為…治病；授以博士學(xué)位Extraordinary

extra-（外面的，超過的）+ordinary（普通的）Paraphrase：goingbeyondwhatisusual，regularorcustomarySentence：Shewasatrulyextraordinarywoman.她是位非常杰出的女性。adv.extraordinarily非常；格外地；非凡地n.extraordinarines格外Synonym：splendid/remarkable/eminentremarkable/outstanding/Gradually

Paraphrase：slowly,overalongperiodoftimeSentence:Theweather