北京市大興區(qū)高一上學期期中英語檢測試卷

大興區(qū)2023～2024學年度第一學期期中檢測高一英語考生須知1.本試卷共10頁，滿分100分?？荚嚂r間90分鐘。2.在試卷和答題卡上準確填寫學校名稱、班級、姓名和準考證號。3.試題答案一律填涂在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwasinmyearlytwenties.Ihad___1___fromcollegewithadegreeinEducationbutstillcouldn’tfindafulltimeteachingjob.___2___Iworkedasasubstitute(代課)teacher.Iwasdeterminednottojustslideby.Iwasresponsibleformystudentsandstayedpositive.Icongratulatedthekidswhentheyachievedsomething,and___3___themiftheydidn’t.Onedayjustasthestudentswereleaving,agirlhandedmeafolded___4___.Itwasalovelydrawingfullofchildlikewonderandread:“YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad!”Mymouthfellopeninshock.Itreally___5___methatoneofmykindmentshadtouchedthatgirl’sheartsodeeply.AnytimeIwasfeelingdownor___6___Iwouldlookatitanditalwaysmademerelieved.___7___,IlostthenotewhenImovedhouse,butitstill___8___inmymindandheart.Thatexperienceshowedmethe___9___ofsinglekindwords.Ineverdidseethatgirlagain,butIpraythatherlifehasbeenfullofkindwordsandlovingpeople.AndIcontinuetotrymybesteachdaytolettheloveand_____10_____livethroughmylife.Mayyoudothesame.Youwillcreatesomuchjoyandyourlifewillneverbethesame.1.A.studied B.graduated C.worked D.expected2.A.If B.So C.Although D.Unless3.A.chatted B.supplied C.dragged D.inspired4.A.equipment B.book C.note D.picture5.A.amazed B.reminded C.defeated D.removed6.A.moved B.stressed C.excited D.satisfied7.A.Definitely B.Frequently C.Actually D.Unfortunately8.A.existed B.recovered C.suffered D.disappeared9.A.extent B.power C.energy D.principle10.A.confidence B.benefit C.kindness D.desire【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.C5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷講述了一句好話的力量。一個女孩對作者的感激讓作者理解了一句好話的影響，并一直通過自己的生活讓愛和善意傳播下去，作者感悟到創(chuàng)造快樂，生活將會不一樣。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從大學畢業(yè)，獲得了教育學位，但仍然找不到一份全職教學工作。A.studied學習；B.graduated畢業(yè)；C.worked工作；D.expected期待。根據(jù)下文“fromcollegewithadegreeinEducationbutstillcouldn’tfindafulltimeteachingjob”可知，作者從大學畢業(yè)，在找工作。故選B?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：因此我做代課老師。A.If如果；B.So因此；C.Although盡管；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)上文“butstillcouldn’tfindafulltimeteachingjob”可知，作者沒有找到全職工作，因此去做代課老師。故選B。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當孩子們?nèi)〉靡恍┏删蜁r，我向他們表示祝賀，如果他們沒有，我會鼓舞他們。A.chatted閑聊；B.supplied供應；C.dragged拖拽；D.inspired鼓舞。根據(jù)上文“Icongratulatedthekidswhentheyachievedsomething”和下文“iftheydidn’t”可知，如果孩子們?nèi)〉昧顺删停髡呔妥ＹR他們，如果沒有，作者就鼓舞他們。故選D。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天當學生們離開時，一個女孩遞給我一張折疊起來的紙條。A.equipment設備；B.book書；C.note便條；D.picture圖畫。根據(jù)下文“Itwasalovelydrawingfullofchildlikewonderandread:“YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad!”(這是一幅可愛的畫，充滿了孩子般的好奇，上面寫著:“您是我遇到過的最好的老師!”)”可知，女孩遞給作者一張紙條。故選C。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，我的一句善意的評論如此深深地觸動了那個女孩的心。A.amazed使驚奇；B.reminded提醒；C.defeated打??；D.removed除掉。根據(jù)上文“Mymouthfellopeninshock.”可知，作者感到吃驚。故選A。【6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每當我感到沮喪或焦慮時，我都會看看它，它總是讓我欣慰。A.moved感動的；B.stressed焦慮的；C.excited興奮的；D.satisfied滿意的。or表示選擇，根據(jù)上文“Iwasfeelingdown”和下文“italwaysmademerelieved”可知，作者感到沮喪和焦慮時，就會看看這張紙條，它讓作者感到欣慰。故選B。【7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，我在一次搬家的時候把它弄丟了，但它仍然存在于我的腦海和心里。A.Definitely肯定地；B.Frequently頻繁地；C.Actually實際上；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根據(jù)下文“IlostthenotewhenImovedhouse”可知，作者弄丟了珍貴的紙條，這是不幸的。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，我在一次搬家的時候把它弄丟了，但它仍然存在于我的腦海和心里。A.existed存在；B.recovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.suffered遭受；D.disappeared消失。But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)上文“IlostthenotewhenImovedhouse”可知，盡管作者弄丟了紙條，但是紙條仍舊存在作者的腦海和心里。故選A。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那次經(jīng)歷也向我展示了一句好話的力量。A.extent程度；B.power力量；C.energy精力；D.principle原則。根據(jù)下文“AndIcontinuetotrymybesteachdaytolettheloveand____10____livethroughmylife.”可知，這段經(jīng)歷讓作者體會到了一句好話的力量，作者因此一直盡量傳播愛和善意。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天都在盡我最大的努力，讓愛和善意貫穿我的生活。A.confidence自信；B.benefit好處；C.kindness善意；D.desire欲望。根據(jù)上文“singlekindwords”可知，此處說的是作者一直努力傳播愛和善意。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Asweknow,sportsactivitycanmakepeoplemoreenergeticand____11____(healthy)physicallyandmentally.However,everythinghastwosides.Sportsarenoexception.Ifyouarenotcarefulordoexcessive(過度的)training,you____12____(hurt)yourselves.Thus,makesurethatyoudosports____13____(regular)anddonotoverdoit.【答案】11.healthier12.willhurt13.regularly【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。主要講述了確保有規(guī)律地做運動，但不要過度?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：正如我們所知，體育活動可以使人們精力充沛，身心健康。和前面的moreenergetic并列，所以用形容詞比較級作賓補，說明賓語people，故填healthier?！?2題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：如果你不小心或過度訓練，你會傷害自己。if引導的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)原則，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，故填willhurt?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：因此，確保你有規(guī)律地做運動，不要過度。修飾動詞，所以用副詞，故填regularly。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ThefifteenthdayoftheeighthlunarmonthistheMidAutumnFestival.Itisafestival____14____symbolizes(象征)reunion.____15____(enjoy)thebeautyofthefullmoonhasbeenalongstandingtraditionChinesecustomforcenturies.EatingmooncakesisanimportantcustomduringtheMidAutumnFestival.Due____16____thedifferentdiethabitsindifferentregions,mooncakesvaryintasteincludingfillingsoffivekernel,eggyolk,jujubepasteandbeanpaste.【答案】14which##that15.Enjoying16.to【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。介紹了中秋節(jié)的習俗和象征意義。【14題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這是一個象征團圓的節(jié)日。先行詞為festival,在定語從句中作主語，指物，所以用which或that引導，故填which/that?！?5題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：幾個世紀以來，賞月一直是中國悠久的傳統(tǒng)習俗。作主語，所以用動名詞，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Enjoying。【16題詳解】考查介詞。句意：由于不同地區(qū)的飲食習慣不同，月餅的口味也各不相同，有五仁餡、蛋黃餡、棗泥餡和豆沙餡。dueto“由于”，為固定短語，故填to。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames____17____(hold)inHangzhouonSeptember23,bringingmany____18____(athlete)gatheringaround.Theceremonywasthemed“MemoriesofJiangnan”,usingtheelementofwater____19____(show)thenaturalbeautyandculturalcharm.Thethreemascots(吉祥物))areagroupofrobots____20____(name)Congcong,LianlianandChenchen.【答案】17.washeld18.athletes19.toshow20.named【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。介紹了第19屆亞運會開幕式在杭州舉行的情況以及它的吉祥物。【17題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主調(diào)一致。句意：9月23日，第19屆亞運會開幕式在杭州舉行，眾多運動員齊聚一堂。描述已發(fā)生的事情，所以用一般過去時態(tài)，hold和主語Theopeningceremony之間是被動關系，所以用被動語態(tài)，主語為名詞單數(shù)Theopeningceremony，所以be動詞為was，故填washeld。【18題詳解】考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意：9月23日，第19屆亞運會開幕式在杭州舉行，眾多運動員齊聚堂。前面有many,所以用名詞復數(shù)，故填athletes?！?9題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：儀式以“憶江南”為主題，用水的元素來表現(xiàn)自然之美和文化魅力。usesth.todosth.“用某物做某事”，動詞不定式作賓補，故填toshow?！?0題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：三個吉祥物是一組機器人,名字分別是琮琮、蓮蓮和宸宸。name和它所修飾的詞之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，故填named。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AViatorTravelwithaninsiderWhat’ssogreataboutViator?Travelinglikeaninsiderstartshere.RomeCityBikeTourEnjoythebestofRomeonafivehourbiketourwithagoodguide.CyclethroughRomeanddiscoveritsbeautifulchurchesandfancyshoppingstreets.ThetourwillprovideawonderfulviewofRome’smainattractions,plussomesquaresthatarelessmonamongtourists.Duration:5hoursPrice:$56.93CopenhagenFoodTourExploreCopenhagenonafoodtouranddiscoverthelocals’favouriterestaurantswithaguide.Foodsampleschangewiththeseason,butthetourincludesenoughtreatstomakeafullmeal,withfoodslikeorganicicecream,homebrewedbeer,ryebreadsandwichesandmore.Duration:2hours30minutesPrice:$120.28ParisLouvreMuseumTourMakeabookingandjumpthequeue(隊)tomakethemostofyourlimitedtimeinsidetheworld’slargestmuseum.Viewsomemostfamousartworksthere,includingMonaLisaandVenusdeMilo.Afteryourguidedtour,youcanstayonifyouwanttocontinueexploringthemuseum.Duration:3hoursPrice:$67.05DelphiDayTripfromAthensVisitDelphionthisfulldaytripfromAthens!Travelingwithaguide,you’llexplorethehometotheTempleofApollo,andwalkaroundDelphiArcheologicalMuseum.LearnaboutGreekhistorywhileseeingthemonuments,andvisittheprettytownofArachovaonthewayback.Duration:10hoursPrice:$108.8521.WhenyoutakeRomeCityBikeTour,youcandiscover________.A.smalltemples B.finerestaurantsC.famousartworks D.beautifulchurches22.Ifyouareinterestedindeliciousfood,you’llprobablyfollowthetourto________.A.Rome B.Copenhagen C.Paris D.Delphi23.Youneedn’twaitinaqueueinParisLouvreMuseumifyou________.A.provideanartwork B.bookaticketC.knowlocalguides D.joinatourgroup24.What’stheadvertisementmainlyabout?A.Guidedtours. B.Fancyshops.C.Famousbuildings. D.Newrestaurants.【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。本文介紹了Viator旅游平臺提供的四個旅游線路，分別是羅馬騎行游、哥本哈根美食游、巴黎盧浮宮游和雅典德爾斐日游，旨在讓游客像當?shù)厝艘粯由疃攘私獬鞘?，提供專業(yè)的導游服務。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RomeCityBikeTour部分中“CyclethroughRomeanddiscoveritsbeautifulchurchesandfancyshoppingstreets.

(在羅馬騎行，探索美麗的教堂和別致的購物街。)”可知，在羅馬騎行，可以探索美麗的教堂。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CopenhagenFoodTour部分中“ExploreCopenhagenonafoodtouranddiscoverthelocals’favouriterestaurantswithaguide.

(在美食之旅中探索哥本哈根，在導游的帶領下發(fā)現(xiàn)當?shù)厝俗钕矚g的餐館。)”可知，如果對美食感興趣，可以在哥本哈根食物之旅中實現(xiàn)。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ParisLouvreMuseumTour部分中“Makeabookingandjumpthequeue(隊)tomakethemostofyourlimitedtimeinsidetheworld’slargestmuseum.

(進行預訂并不需要排隊，以充分利用您在世界上最大的博物館內(nèi)有限的時間。)”可知，如果你在巴黎盧浮宮訂了票，就不用排隊了。故選B。【24題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文介紹了Viator旅游平臺提供的四個旅游線路，分別是羅馬騎行游、哥本哈根美食游、巴黎盧浮宮游和雅典德爾斐日游，旨在讓游客像當?shù)厝艘粯由疃攘私獬鞘?，提供專業(yè)的導游服務。故該旅游廣告主要是關于旅游指南。故選A。B“Thefirstprizeforthebicycleraceis$1,000,”saidMr.Hakansson.“Thejudgeswon’tletyourace,”saidMrs.Hakansson.“You’re66yearsold.”“Iamgoingtorace,”saidMr.Hakansson.“AndIamgoingtowin!”Mrs.Hakanssononlysmiled.Sheknewhecouldn’tbeintherace.Hewas66yearsold.Butshealsoknewthathewouldtry.Mr.Hakanssonwenttoseethejudges.“Iwanttobeinthatrace,”hesaid.“Gohometoyourrockingchair!”saidoneofthejudges.“Youaretooold.Thisracelastsfordays.ThemengofromoneendofSwedentotheother.That’smorethan1,000miles.Youwouldnevermakeit.”“We’llsee,”saidMr.Hakansson.Over1,000menwantedtobeintherace.Thejudgespickedonly50.Theywereallstrongyoungmen.Theywentbytraintothetownwheretheracewouldbegin.Theretheyspentdaysgettingready.Mr.Hakanssonwasnotoneofthe50.Sohecouldn’trideonthetrain.“ThenI’llridemybicycle,”hesaid.Andhedid.Herode1,000milesjusttogetwheretheracewastostart!Atlast,theracebegan.The50strongyoungmenclimbedontheirbicycles.Oneofthejudgesfiredagun.Andtheyoungmenwereoff!ClosebehindthemcameMr.Hakansson.Hislongwhitebeardwavedinthewind.“Youcankeepmeoutoftherace,”hesaid.“Butyoucan’tkeepmeofftheroad!”AndthenMr.Hakanssonmovedinfrontofthe50strongyoungmen!Afterawhilehecametoasmalltown.Thestreetwaslinedwithpeople.TheycheeredasMr.Hakanssonrodeby.“Look,Daddy,”saidasmallboy.“TheregoesSupergrandpa!”Everyonelaughed.Awriterforapaperheardtheboy.HetookapictureofMr.Hakanssonandwroteastoryabouthim.FromthenoneverybodyinSwedenwascheeringfor“Supergrandpa”.Dayafterdaytheracewenton.Eachnightthe50strongmenrested.ButnotSupergrandpa!Herodeforthreedaysandthreenightswithoutanysleepatall.Thenherestedonlythreehours!Supergrandpadidn’teveneatverymuch.Hedidn’twanttoleavetheroad.Butsometimespeoplebroughthimcake,coffeeandberries.Thenhewouldeatwhilesittingonhisbicycle.FormorethansixdaysSupergrandparodeon.Inallthattime,hehadonly10hoursofsleep.Atlasthecrossedthefinishline—adayaheadofthestrongmen.Allthetownweretheretomeethim.Everybodycheeredandcheered.Abandfromthefirestationplayed.Dogsbarked.ChildrendancedaroundSupergrandpa.25.Mr.Hakanssongottothetownwheretheracebeganby________.A.runningthere B.takingthetrainC.drivinghiscar D.ridinghisbicycle26.Mr.Hakanssoncrossedthefinishline________.A.thedayafterhestartedtherace B.afewminutesbeforeanotherracerC.adaybeforetheothercyclists D.aftertenhoursofsleep27.Whatmightbethetitleofthestory?A.AnAdmirableSupergrandpa B.AnExcitingRidingRaceC.AnUnbelievableExperience D.AnUnforgettableOldMan【答案】25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位66歲的老人Hakansson先生決定參加自行車比賽，盡管他的妻子和裁判都認為他太老了。裁判只選了50名年輕健壯的男子參加比賽，但Hakansson先生騎著自行車獨自行駛1000英里，最終在比賽中超越了所有年輕選手，成為“超級爺爺”，受到了全城的歡迎和贊揚?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第九段“Mr.Hakanssonwasnotoneofthe50.Sohecouldn’trideonthetrain.(哈坎森不在這50人之列。所以他不能坐火車)”及第十段““ThenI’llridemybicycle,”hesaid.Andhedid.Herode1,000milesjusttogetwheretheracewastostart!(“那我就騎自行車，”他說。他做到了。他騎了1000英里就為了到達比賽開始的地方)”可知，Hakansson先生騎著自行車到達了比賽開始的城鎮(zhèn)。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Atlasthecrossedthefinishline—adayaheadofthestrongmen.(最后，他比那些強壯的人早一天沖過了終點線)”可知，Hakansson先生比其他選手提前一天沖過終點線。故選C?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了66歲Hakansson騎著自行車獨自行駛1000英里，最終在比賽中超越了所有年輕選手，成為“超級爺爺”的故事。由此可知，A項AnAdmirableSupergrandpa(一位令人欽佩的超級爺爺)適合作本文最佳標題。故選A。CInthedeadofwinter,wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth—vitaminD.Thisimportantnutrient(營養(yǎng)素)strengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlifethreateningdiseases.Theremendeddailyrequirementis400600IU.Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinconvertsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofvitaminD.Evenduringwinter,justa10minutewalkmiddaycankeepthebody’svitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanalsobeobtainedfromfoods.Salmonisoneofthebestsourcesofthevitamin.Eggyolks,cheese,mushroomsandbeeflivercontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers,foodpaniesaddvitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.Thepracticeofputtingthevitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime,manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyavitaminDdeficiency(不足).Itmadethechildren’sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmorevitaminD,thereisanotheroption:takevitaminDsupplements.Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However,anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A.Tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrient.B.Toanalyzeanutrient’sposition.C.Tointroduceavaluablenutrient.D.Toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscovered29.Whatdoesthisarticleimplyaboutpeopleduringthewintermonths?A.Theyaren’tabletomeettheirdeadlines.B.Theyoftendon’tdresswarmlyenough.C.Theygenerallytendtoremainindoors.D.Theyleavelotsofworkforotherstodo.30.Accordingtothisarticle,whatshouldpeopleavoiddoingwiththeirskintogetthemostbenefit?A.Washingitwithharshcleaners.B.Scratchingittorelieveanitch.C.Allowingittobeeextremelydry.D.Coveringitwithprotectivelotion.31.Howdoesthearticledefinerickets?A.Asarevolutionarydrug. B.Asahealthproblem.C.Asaneconomicaltreatment. D.Asamentaldisorder.【答案】28.C29.C30.D31.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一種對于我們的健康非常有益的維生素——維生素維生素D，對于我們的骨骼和牙齒的健康尤其至關重要。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Thisimportantnutrient(營養(yǎng)素)strengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlifethreateningdiseases.(這種重要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)可以增強骨骼和牙齒，并與預防心臟病、癌癥和許多其他危及生命的疾病有關)”以及下文內(nèi)容的介紹可推知，這篇文章的主要目的是介紹一種有價值的營養(yǎng)素。故選C。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthedeadofwinter,wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.(隆冬時節(jié)，我們通常不會想到在戶外度過時光，但根據(jù)許多醫(yī)生的說法，我們應該這樣做)”可推知，這篇文章暗示人們在冬季通常傾向于待在室內(nèi)。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.(在短暫的冬季散步中，當我們不涂防曬霜并盡可能多地將皮膚暴露在陽光下時，我們會收到最大的好處)”可知，冬季散步的時候，我們應該不涂防曬霜，讓皮膚暴露在陽光下，因此可知用保護性乳液覆蓋皮膚是不正確的。故選D。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Atthattime,manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyavitaminDdeficiency(不足).(當時，許多兒童患有佝僂病，這是一種由維生素D缺乏引|起的疾病)”可推知，這篇文章把佝僂病定義為一個健康問題。故選B。DTeamingupwithAIFirsttherobotscameforourjobs.Nowthey’reingforourhobbies.Google’sDeepMindAIhasbeenbusythepastfewyears,creatingprogramstotakeonhumanplayersacrossavarietyofgames.In2016itsAlphaGobeatthebestGoplayerintheworld.Earlierthisyear,itsAlphaStardefeatedtwomiddle—tierplayersatthepopularonlinegameStarCraftII.Nowit’slearningtowinatmultiplayergames.“Artificiallyintelligentagentsaregettingbetterandbetterattwoplayergames,butmostrealworldendeavors(努力)requireteamwork,”DeepMind’sresearcherswroteinapaperpublishedinScienceinJune.Tobesure,putershavebeenprovingtheirdominanceoverhumansinoneononeturnbasedgamessuchaschesseversinceIBM’sDeepBluebeatRussianchessmasterGarryKasparovin1997.However,successfullyusingteamworktowininmultiplayergameswithplexenvironmentswasdifficulttoachieve.Forthispurpose,DeepMind’sresearchersdesignedAIagentsthattaughtthemselveshowtoplayfirstpersongameQuakeIIIArena.Theteam,ledbyMazJaderberg,workedonamodifiedversionofQuakeIIIArena.Thegamemodetheychosewas“CapturetheFlag”Alltheplayersmustworktogethertostealtheotherteam’sflagwhilesafeguardingtheirown.TheAIagents“trained”with12hoursofgamedata,thenmatchedupagainstprofessionalgametesters.TheAIwon75percentofthetime,evenwhenitsreactiontimeartificiallysloweddowntohumanlevelsandwhentheiraimingabilitywassimilarlyreduced.Andinordertomakeimprovements,theprogrammersusedvariouskindsof“rewards”tohelptheAIplayersweightheirgoalsandactionstohelpthemcooperateintheteamwork.Theyalsousedrandomizedmapsforeachnewmatch.“Thatmeantthesolutionsthattheagentsfindhavetobegeneral—theycannotjustmemorizeasequenceofactions,”saidcoauthorWojciechCzarnecki.TheonlytimehumanswereabletobeattheAIagentswaswhentheyteameduptogether.AteamofonehumanandoneAIagenthadafivepercentgreaterwinpossibilitythanateamofjustAIagents.EthanGachsaidatthevideogamenewswebsiteKotaku,“ItsuggeststhattheAIprogramisabletoplaywithnonAIteammates.”Inthenearfuture,AImaycooperatewithhumanbeingsinsomeotherfields,suchasmedicineandotherbranchesofscience.32.WhatmightbethemostdifficulttaskforAIagentsinmultiplayergames?A.Understandingtherules. B.CooperatingwithotherplayersC.Memorizingplexactions. D.Increasingreactionspeed.33.HowdidtheresearchersofGoogle’sDeepMindtrainAIagents?A.Theyputthemthroughdifferentgames.B.Theygavevarious“punishments”whenAIagentslostthegames.C.TheymadeAIagentsteamupwithnonprofessionalhumanplayers.D.TheylimitedthetimeforAIagentstopletedifficulttasks.34.WhatdoesGachmeaninthelastparagraph?A.AIplayersperformbetterthanhumansinateamgame.B.AIprogramsshouldbeofferedmoregamedata.C.AIplayersareabletodowellwithhumanplayers.D.AIprogramshavebeensuccessfullyputintouseinmedicine.【答案】32.B33.A34.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能如何適應團隊作戰(zhàn)并取得勝利。32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“However,successfullyusingteamworktowininmultiplayergameswithplexenvironmentswasdifficulttoachieve.(然而，在復雜環(huán)境的多人游戲中，成功地利用團隊合作贏得勝利是很難實現(xiàn)的)”可知，在多人游戲中對于人工智能代理最困難的任務是與他人合作。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中“TheAIagents‘trained’with12hoursofgamedata,thenmatchedupagainstprofessionalgametesters.(人工智能代理使用12個小時的游戲數(shù)據(jù)進行‘訓練’，然后與專業(yè)游戲測試人員進行匹配)”和第八段“Andinordertomakeimprovements,theprogrammersusedvariouskindsof‘rewards’tohelptheAIplayersweightheirgoalsandactionstohelpthemcooperateintheteamwork.Theyalsousedrandomizedmapsforeachnewmatch.(為了進行改進，程序員使用各種‘獎勵’來幫助AI玩家權衡他們的目標和行動，從而幫助他們在團隊合作中進行合作。他們還為每一場新比賽使用隨機地圖)”可知，人工智能代理用12小時的游戲數(shù)據(jù)“訓練”，然后與專業(yè)的游戲測試員匹配，程序員使用各種各樣的獎勵來幫助AI玩家權衡目標和行動來實現(xiàn)團隊合作，還為每一場新比賽使用隨機地圖。由此可知，研究者利用各種不同的游戲來訓練人工智能代理。故選A。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中EthanGach說的話“ItsuggeststhattheAIprogramisabletoplaywithnonAIteammates.(這表明人工智能程序能夠與非人工智能隊友一起玩)”可推知，EthanGach的意思是人工智能玩家能夠與人類玩家進行良好的合作。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Somestudentsgetsonervousbeforeatest.____35____SianBeilock,aprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,hasstudiedthesehighlyanxioustesttakers.Thestudentsstartworryingabouttheresults.Andwhentheyworry,itactuallyusesupattentionandmemoryresources(資源).ProfessorBeilockandanotherresearcher,GerardoRamirez,havedevelopedapossiblesolution.Justbeforeanexam,highlyanxioustesttakersspendtenminuteswritingabouttheirworriesaboutthetest.____36____Theygavethemtwoshortmathstests.Afterthefirstone,theyaskedthestudentstoeithersitquietlyorwriteabouttheirfeelingsabouttheupingsecondtest.ProfessorBeilocksaysthosewhosatquietlyscoredanaverageof12%worseonthesecondtest.____37____Next,theresearchersusedyoungerstudentsinabiologyclass.Theytoldthembeforefinalexamseithertowriteabouttheirfeelingsortothinkaboutthingsunrelated(不相關的)tothetest.ProfessorBeilocksayshighlyanxiousstudentswhodidthewritinggotanaveragegradeofB+,paredtoaBforthosewhodidnot.“Whatweshowedisthatforstudentswhoarehighlytestanxious,who’ddoneourwritingintervention(干預),allofasuddentherewasnorelationshipbetweentestanxietyandperformance.____38____”Butwhatifstudentsdonothaveachancetowriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelybeforeanexam?____39____A.Theywereperformingjustaswellastheirclassmateswhodon’tnormallygetnervousinthesetests.B.Researchersaskedstudentstodirecttheirattentionfromthetest.C.Theresearcherstestedtheideaonagroupoftwentyanxiouscollegestudents.D.Butthestudentswhohadwrittenabouttheirfearsimprovedtheirperformancebyanaverageof5%.E.Theydopoorlyeveniftheyknowthematerial.F.Itdoesn’tmatterwherewewriteaboutourworriesbeforeanexam.G.ProfessorBeilocksaysstudentscantryitthemselvesathomerinthelibrary.【答案】35.E36.C37.D38.A39.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項針對緊張考試的學生的研究。研究表明，考試前表現(xiàn)出高度緊張的學生，寫下?lián)鷳n的事情可以減輕他們的焦慮并提高他們的考試成績。這項干預可以幫助這部分學生克服他們的考試焦慮并提高他們的表現(xiàn)。如果學生沒有機會在考試前寫下他們的擔憂，那么也可以嘗試在平時減少考試壓力?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Somestudentsgetsonervousbeforeatest.

(有些學生在考試前非常緊張。)”以及后文“Thestudentsstartworryingabouttheresults.(學生們開始擔心考試結果。)”可知，此處強調(diào)的是學生們考試前非常緊張。E選項“Theydopoorlyeveniftheyknowthematerial.(即使他們知道材料，他們也做得很差。)”承接前文，指出即使學生們知道考試材料，依舊會在考試前非常緊張，符合語境。故選E?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“ProfessorBeilockandanotherresearcher,GerardoRamirez,havedevelopedapossiblesolution.Justbeforeanexam,highlyanxioustesttakersspendtenminuteswritingabouttheirworriesaboutthetest.(貝洛克教授和另一位研究員赫拉爾多·拉米雷斯(GerardoRamirez)提出了一種可能的解決方案。考試前，高度焦慮的考生會花十分鐘寫下他們對考試的擔憂。)”可知，此處提出了解決學生焦慮的一種方案即考試前，讓高度焦慮的考生會花十分鐘寫下他們對考試的擔憂。C選項“Theresearcherstestedtheideaonagroupoftwentyanxiouscollegestudents.(研究人員在一組20名焦慮的大學生身上測試了這個想法。)”中的theidea指代前文的讓高度焦慮的考生會花十分鐘寫下他們對考試的擔憂，形成呼應。故選C。【37題詳解】根據(jù)前文“ProfessorBeilocksaysthosewhosatquietlyscoredanaverageof12%worseonthesecondtest.

(貝洛克教授說，那些安靜地坐著學生在第二次測試中的平均得分要低12%。)”可知，為了解決學生焦慮的一種方案即考試前，讓高度焦慮的考生會花十分鐘寫下他們對考試的擔憂，那些安靜地坐著的學生在第二次測試中的平均得分要低12%，設空處應該強調(diào)那些在第二次考試前寫下自己緊張恐懼的學生們的成績?nèi)绾?，由此形成對比，印證前文研究者們提出的方法。D選項“Butthestudentswhohadwrittenabouttheirfearsimprovedtheirperformancebyanaverageof5%.(但是那些寫下自己恐懼的學生的成績平均提高了5%。)”與前文形成對比，指出那些在在第二次考試前寫下自己恐懼的學生的成績平均提高了5%，符合語境。故選D。【38題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Whatweshowedisthatforstudentswhoarehighlytestanxious,who’ddoneourwritingintervention(干預),allofasuddentherewasnorelationshipbetweentestanxietyandperformance.

(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于那些考試焦慮的學生，那些接受了寫作干預的學生，突然之間，考試焦慮和表現(xiàn)之間沒有任何關系。)”可知，此處描述了經(jīng)過寫作干預后，考試焦慮和成績之間沒有任何關系，設空處應該指出具體的研究結果。A選項“Theywereperformingjustaswellastheirclassmateswhodon’tnormallygetnervousinthesetests.(他們的表現(xiàn)和那些在這些測試中通常不緊張的同學一樣好。)”指出，經(jīng)過寫作干預之后，那些焦慮學生的表現(xiàn)和這些測試中通常不緊張的同學一樣好，承接前文，強調(diào)寫作干預的作用，符合語境。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Butwhatifstudentsdonothaveachancetowriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelybeforeanexam?

(但是，如果學生沒有機會在考試前立即寫下他們的恐懼呢？)”可知，此處提出如果沒有機會在考試前立即寫下他們的恐懼的問題，后文應該就此問題進行回答。G選項“ProfessorBeilocksaysstudentscantryitthemselvesathomerinthelibrary.(貝洛克教授說，學生們可以在家或在圖書館自己嘗試。)”指出，學生們可以在考試前，在家或者圖書館自己嘗試寫出自己的恐懼和焦慮，符合語境。故選G。第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英語回答問題。Doyouhavetroublefinishingyourworkwithinagiventime?Doyoufindyourselfhavingtoscramble(艱難完成)throughyourworkbecausetimeisrunningout?Itisimportanttomanageyourtimeproperly.First,youshouldwritedownyourtasksonpaper.Thisistomakesurethatyoudonotmissanyofthem.Havingthemwrittendownsomewhereensuresthatyouwillgetthetaskpletedevenifyouforgetaboutit.Ofcourse,youneedtomakesurethatthetasklistisalwayswithinyoursight.Makesureyouhaveaclearviewofyourtasks.Youcanwritethemdowninadiary.Afteryouhavewrittendownyourtasks,itistimetoplanyouraction.WhichtasksneednotbepletedasurgentlyHowmuchtimeareyougoingtogiveeachtask?Isuggestthatyoupletetheurgenttasksfirst,butatthesametime,besuretoincludesometimetotakebreaksinbetween.Thebreaksensurethatyouhaveamomenttorunawayfromstressuntilyoureturntocontinuefromwhereyouleftoff.Aboveall,however,don’tprocrastinatebecauseitisyournumberoneenemy.Procrastinationcanalsomeanthatyouwillnotbefocusedwhenyoudoyourwork.Timeisvaluable,sodonotwasteitbyprocrastinating.Focusonpletingthetaskandgetitoveronceandforall.40.Wherecanyouwriteyourtasksdown?______________________________________________________________________________________41.Whyshouldwetakebreaksbetweentasks?______________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Ourbiggestenemywhenwemanageourtimeproperlyisthatwewillnotbefocused.______________________________________________________________________________________43.Doyouthinkitisimportanttomanageyourtimeproperly?Whyorwhynot?(About40words)___________________________________________