（中考英語語法）語法專題三 介詞【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）

（中考英語語法）語法專題三介詞【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）（中考英語語法）語法專題三介詞【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）/（中考英語語法）語法專題三介詞【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）語法專題三、介詞(常考)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)1時(shí)間介詞in,after,later表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別in＋時(shí)間段,用于將來時(shí),表示"過……后”.Hewillcomebackinanhour.after＋一段時(shí)間,用于過去時(shí),表示"在……以后”.Afteranhour,hecameback.after＋時(shí)間點(diǎn),用于將來時(shí),表示"在……以后”.Hewillcomebackafter5o'clock.時(shí)間段＋later,常用于過去時(shí),表示"在……之后”.Anhourlater,hecameback.in,on,at表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別in主要表達(dá)年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀(jì);泛指上午、下午、晚上.inspring在春天inFebruary在二月inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我們上午有四節(jié)課.on主要表示星期、日期或具體的某一天;特指具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on.onMonday在星期一onMay1st在五月一號onLaborDay在勞動(dòng)節(jié)WehavetwolessonsonFridayafternoon.我們周五下午有兩節(jié)課.at表示某一時(shí)刻,用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前,或正午和午夜前.at7：00在七點(diǎn)atnoon在正午atnight在晚上/在午夜Westartclassesateighto’clockeverymorning.(注意every,this,last,next前不加介詞)我們每天早上八點(diǎn)上課.(2021·北京市·歷年真題)SpaceDayofChinafalls______April24theveryyear.A.on B.by C.at D.infor,since表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞)for＋時(shí)間段Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已經(jīng)住在這里十年了.since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ago短語/一般過去時(shí)的從句Ihavelivedheresince2013.自從2013年我就住在這里.Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.自從十年前我就住在這里.IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2013.自從2013年我搬過來就住在這里.after,before表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別after"在……之后”,接時(shí)間點(diǎn),與將來時(shí)連用;接時(shí)間段,與過去時(shí)連用.Hewillcomebackafter5o'clock.他五點(diǎn)之后會(huì)回來.Afteranhour,hecameback.一小時(shí)以后,他回來了.before"在……之前”,只接時(shí)間點(diǎn),而不能接一段時(shí)間,可用于多種時(shí)態(tài).Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeteno’clock.請十點(diǎn)前關(guān)燈.Iwillcomebackbeforefiveo’clock.我會(huì)在五點(diǎn)之前回來.其他時(shí)間介詞during"在……期間”,與表示特定一段時(shí)間的名詞短語連用.Thecolorsoftherockcanchangeduringdifferentperiodsintheday.在一天的不同時(shí)段內(nèi),巖石的顏色會(huì)變化.until/till"直到”,在肯定句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;在否定句中,謂語動(dòng)詞多是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,意為"直到……才……”Iwaiteduntilitgotdark.我一直等到天黑了.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmyparentscamebacklastnight.昨晚我一直等到我父母回來才睡覺.考點(diǎn)2方位介詞through,across表示"穿過”時(shí)的區(qū)別through介詞,縱穿(從空間穿過).Thesoldierswentthroughtheforest.across介詞,橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面).Heiswalkingacrossthestreet.【拓展】cross動(dòng)詞,橫穿(橫過某個(gè)平面).＝Heiscrossingthestreet.(2022·云南省·單元測試)—Look,thereisacutebird,Mom.—Itflewintoourkitchen______thewindowjustnow,Alex.A.across B.through C.above D.underamong,between"在……之間”的區(qū)別among在(三者或三者以上)之間;Damingisthetallestamongtheboys.大明是男生里最高的.between在(兩者)之間.常用詞組：between…and…ShesatbetweenLilyandLucy.她坐在了莉莉和露西的中間.③in,on,to表方位關(guān)系時(shí)的區(qū)別in表示在范圍之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍);on表示與某一地區(qū)接壤;to/off表示隔海相望.GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.(廣東屬于中國)GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.(廣東不屬于湖南,但與湖南是毗鄰關(guān)系)JapanistotheeastofChina.(日本不屬于中國,而且隔海相望)④表方位的介詞on,in,behind,after之間的區(qū)別on表示在某人、某物的左邊或右邊JimsitsonmyrightandTomsitonmyleft.吉姆坐在我右邊,湯姆坐在我左邊.in用來表示在第幾排;IsitinRow5.我坐在第五排.behind用來表示"在……后面”;LiLeisitsbehindme.李雷坐在我后面.after"在……之后/后面”,表方位時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)順序Boyswalkaftergirls.男生走在女生后面.考點(diǎn)3：其他介詞的用法except"除去”,表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的.Nobodywaslateexceptme.除了我,沒有人遲到.(沒遲到的同學(xué)中不包括我,即只有我遲到了)besides"除……以外還有”,表示包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的.Tonywasalsolatebesidesme.除了我,Tony也遲到了.(遲到的同學(xué)中包括我,我和Tony都遲到了)beside"在……旁邊”Comeandsitbesideme.過來坐在我旁邊.(2019·河北省邯鄲市·月考試卷)Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday______Mr.Wang.Becausehewasonduty.A.except B.besides C.exceptfor D.beside表示方式時(shí)with,in,by的區(qū)別with介詞,表示"用(工具)”.Wewalkwithourfeet.我們用腳走路.in介詞,表示"用(材料、語言、聲音)”.CanyousayitinEnglish?你可以用英語說它嗎?by介詞,表示"以……方式、方法、手段”,或表交通工具.Igotoschoolbybike.我騎自行車上學(xué).from和介詞tofrom"來自”;"根據(jù),從……來看”;"從……時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”to"到,往,去”;"到……時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”from…to…"從……到……”,表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.從周一到周五我們上學(xué).PleasegetonthetrainfromBeijingtoShanghai.請上從北京到上海的火車.考點(diǎn)4介詞短語agreewith同意arriveat/in到達(dá)atonce立刻atthesametime同時(shí)attheageof在…歲時(shí)beangrywith升…的氣begoodat/dowellin擅長于beinterestedin對…感興趣belatefor遲到bestrictwith對…嚴(yán)格bytheway順便說onone’swayto…在…的路上bymistake錯(cuò)誤地catchupwith趕上cheerup使…高興comeupwith提出dependon依靠bedifferentfrom與…不同falloff掉下來getalongwith與…相處hearof聽說hearfrom收到…來信helpwith幫助inpublic在公共場合introuble處于困境中insurprise驚奇地intime及時(shí)learnfrom向…學(xué)習(xí)laughat嘲笑makefriendswith與…交朋友onfoot步行regardas把…當(dāng)作toone’ssurprise使…驚奇的是withasmile微笑著【辨析】onthewall緊貼在墻表面上的,"在墻上”.inthewall鑲嵌在墻里的,"在墻上”.ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.墻上有張中國地圖.(地圖是貼上去的)Thereisabigholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)大洞.(洞是墻本身里的)onthetree長在樹上的果、葉等,"在樹上”.inthetree外來的東西,"在樹上”.Therearemanyapplesonthetree.樹上有很多蘋果.(蘋果長在樹上用on)Therearemanybirdsinthetree.樹上有很多鳥.(鳥外來的在樹上用in)with的意思是"有”,表示伴隨;without的意思是"沒有”.Iliveinabighousewithagarden.我住在帶有花園的一座大房子里.IliveinasmallflatwithoutaTV.我住在一個(gè)沒有電視的小公寓里.④infrontof在……的前面(物體外面的前面).inthefrontof在…的前部(物體里面的前面).Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有棵樹.(樹在教室外面)Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前有塊黑板.(黑板在教室里面)考點(diǎn)5介詞的語法功能介詞作為虛詞,不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分,后面必須接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、短語,才能充當(dāng)句子成分.特別注意介詞后面不能接動(dòng)詞原形,必須變成動(dòng)名詞形式v-ing,這個(gè)考點(diǎn)在初中階段或中考中都很常見,通常和非謂語動(dòng)詞一起考查.Thankyoufor

(tell)meaboutthedifferentfestivalsintheworld.Iamlookingforwardto______(go)backtomyhometown.(這里的to是介詞)考點(diǎn)精練考點(diǎn)精練中考語法—介詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分,總分100分.)SpaceDayofChinafalls______April24theveryyear.A.on B.by C.at D.inWelcometoourstore.Wehaveskirts______allcolors______￥16each.A.at;in B.in;for C.at;at D.in;inWehaveageographylesson______threeo'clock______Thursdayafternoon.A.at;

in B.in;

in C.on;

on D.at;

onYou'dbetternothangoutafterschool______tellingyourparents.Theymayworryaboutyou.A.by B.with C.without D.afterMoreandmoreyoungpeoplegoskating

winter.A.at B.in C.on D.toHappybirthday,Peter!

Here'sa

gift

???????you.A.for B.in C.with D.fromWeplantedsomeflowers______thegardenyesterday.A.on B.to C.in D.of—Look,thereisacutebird,Mom.—Itflewintoourkitchen______thewindowjustnow,Alex.A.across B.through C.above D.under—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestrestroomis?—Go______thehallwayandturnleft,it'sacross______theteachers'office.A.along;from B.to;of C.down;toDon'tuseyourmobilephonewhenyougo_________theroad.It'sdangerous.A.through B.over C.into D.acrossThechildrenhereimprovetheirEnglish______listeningandspeakingeveryday.A.on B.through C.with D.byTheywentclimbing

themorningofMay1andcameback

theafternoon.A.on;on B.in;in C.on;in D.in;on—Oh,mygod!I'veleftmykeysintheroom.I'llhavetogetin______thewindow．—It'sdangerous.You'dbetterwaitforyourmomtocomeback.A.past B.over C.across D.through—Howlonghaveyoulivedinthenewflat?—________2010.A.In B.After C.Since D.BeforeMoYan’sbooksareverypopular.Youcanfindtheyareonsalemanylanguages.A.in B.to C.with D.atWiththeteachers'help,IhaverealizedI'mnotthecenter

theworldandlearnedtoputmyselfinothers'shoes.A.of B.by C.up D.underLucy

lived

in

Beijing

from

2008____________

2012．A.on B.to C.at D.ofIt

is

great______us

to

get

so

many

favourite

books

on

International

Children's

Book

Day.A.to B.with C.Of D.forOur

class

are

much

sure

to

win

the

basketball

game______Class

Three.A.of B.in C.against D.fromHis

opinions

are

similar

_____

yours

but

different_____

Julia's．A.to;

from B.from;

to C.as;

with D.with;

asIt'sverynice______picturesforme.A.ofyoutodraw B.foryoutodraw C.foryoudrawing D.ofyoudrawingIwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage______English.A.except B.beside C.besides D.exceptforThehigh-speedtrain______QingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.Thetrainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.A.from B.among C.in D.between?RobertHuntsometimesadvisesthestudents____commonproblems.A.in B.about C.with D.forArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsare

thetopfiveworld'shardestjobs.A.between B.among C.from D.aboveCouldyoupleasegivemea

hand?Ican'tcompletethetaskontime

yourhelp.A.without B.under C.with D.forTaiwanispartofChina.Itis

???????

thesoutheastofourcountry.A.to B.on C.in D.atMymothergetsup________fiveo'clockeverymorningtocookbreakfastforme.A.on B.at C.in D.forThereisgoingtobeanEnglishmovieinourschool______theeveningofJune30.A.at B.in C.for D.on—HaveyouheardofthenewsaboutYuanLongping?—Yes.It'sreportedthathepassedaway______theageof91yesterday.A.at B.in C.onNohurry.Thebuswillarrive_______tenminutes.A.at B.for C.in D.byMariaisleavingforFrancesoonbyair.Shewillarrive

???????Paris

themorningofAugust

8th.A.at;in B.in;on C.in;in D.at;onLook!Theyounggirlisdressingup______anoldwoman______ablackcoat.A.as;in B.as;of C.in;as D.in;of—Howdoyouusuallygotowork?—Iusuallygotowork_______car,butsometimes_______foot.A.by;by B.on;on C.on;by D.by;onAlltheworkerswenthomeyesterday______Mr.Wang.Becausehewasonduty.A.except B.besides C.exceptfor D.besideYourpaintingisnice_____thedarkcolour.A.except B.besides C.exceptfor D.butIt'swrong______you______thedisabledpeople.?A.for;tolaugh B.of;tolaughC.of;tolaughat D.for;tolaughat—I

don't

think

I

can

work_____

the

math

problem．—Think

hard,and

you

can

come

up

_____

the

answer．A.on;

to B.out;

with C.at;

with D.on;

for—It’sverykind_____youtohelpmewithmyhousework.

—Don’tmentionit.Iregardyou____myfamilymember.A.for;of B.for;as C.of;of D.of;asThe

old

woman

looked

at

me

______

surprise．A.in B.to C.with D.by______

mysurprise,hedidn'tpasstheexam.A.To B.In C.By D.AtWangPingisagoodstudentandshealwaysgetstoschool______