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專題05相等關(guān)系與不等關(guān)系1、(2023年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)(多選題)噪聲污染問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到重視.用聲壓級(jí)來(lái)度量聲音的強(qiáng)弱,定義聲壓級(jí)SKIPIF1<0,其中常數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是聽覺(jué)下限閾值,SKIPIF1<0是實(shí)際聲壓.下表為不同聲源的聲壓級(jí):聲源與聲源的距離SKIPIF1<0聲壓級(jí)SKIPIF1<0燃油汽車10SKIPIF1<0混合動(dòng)力汽車10SKIPIF1<0電動(dòng)汽車1040已知在距離燃油汽車、混合動(dòng)力汽車、電動(dòng)汽車SKIPIF1<0處測(cè)得實(shí)際聲壓分別為SKIPIF1<0,則(

).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【詳解】由題意可知:SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A:可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B:可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D:由選項(xiàng)A可知:SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;故選:ACD.2、(2023年新高考天津卷)7.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0在R上遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,則SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D3、【2020年新高考1卷(山東卷)】已知a>0,b>0,且a+b=1,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故C不正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,故D正確;故選:ABD4、(2021全國(guó)乙卷)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.則()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;下面比較SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系.記SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0所以當(dāng)0<x<2時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,在x>0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在[0,+∞)上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即b<c;綜上,SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.5、(2020全國(guó)I理14)若SKIPIF1<0,則 ()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,∴C、D錯(cuò)誤,故選B.6、(2020天津)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由題知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,易知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選D.7、(2020年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考數(shù)學(xué)試卷(文科)(新課標(biāo)Ⅲ))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.8、(2020年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考數(shù)學(xué)試卷(理科)(新課標(biāo)Ⅲ))已知55<84,134<85.設(shè)a=log53,b=log85,c=log138,則()A.a(chǎn)<b<c B.b<a<c C.b<c<a D.c<a<b【答案】A【解析】由題意可知SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0;由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.題組一、不等式的性質(zhì)及運(yùn)用1-1、(2023·四川成都·成都七中??寄M預(yù)測(cè))實(shí)數(shù)a,b滿足SKIPIF1<0,則下列不等式成立的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【詳解】取SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,但SKIPIF1<0,所以A錯(cuò)誤;取SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,但SKIPIF1<0,所以B錯(cuò)誤;若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以C正確;取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以D錯(cuò)誤.故選:C.1-2、(2023·浙江·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,則下列選項(xiàng)中能使SKIPIF1<0成立的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BD【詳解】對(duì)于A,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,A錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)于B,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,B錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)于C,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)于D,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,D正確,故選:BD.1-3、(2022·江蘇蘇州·高三期末)已知SKIPIF1<0則下列不等式一定成立的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;關(guān)于C選項(xiàng),先證明一個(gè)不等式:SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0遞增;SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0遞減;所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有極小值,也是最小值SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取得等號(hào),由SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),同時(shí)取對(duì)數(shù)可得,SKIPIF1<0,再用SKIPIF1<0替換SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取得等號(hào),由于SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,C選項(xiàng)正確.故選:C.1-4、(2021·江蘇省濱海中學(xué)高三月考)下列命題為真命題的是()A.若,則 B.若,則C.若,則 D.若,則【答案】D【解析】解:對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),當(dāng)時(shí),不等式不成立,故是假命題;對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),當(dāng)時(shí),不滿足,故為假命題;對(duì)于C選項(xiàng),當(dāng)時(shí),,不滿足,故為假命題.對(duì)于D選項(xiàng),由于,所以,即,故為真命題.故選:D.題組二、不等式的解法2-1、(2022·江蘇宿遷·高三期末)不等式SKIPIF1<0成立的一個(gè)充分條件是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以不等式SKIPIF1<0成立的一個(gè)充分條件是SKIPIF1<0.故選:C2-2、【2022·廣東省深圳市六校上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考中學(xué)10月月考】若不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值、最小值分別為()A.-1,-7 B.0,-8 C.1,-1 D.1,-7【答案】D【解析】【分析】由題意可知SKIPIF1<0,1是方程SKIPIF1<0的根,代入可求SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,然后結(jié)合二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)即可求解【詳解】SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,1是方程SKIPIF1<0的根,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0開口向下,對(duì)稱軸SKIPIF1<0,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取得最大值1,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取得最小值SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2-3、(2022·河北·石家莊二中模擬預(yù)測(cè))不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)分式不等式的解法進(jìn)行求解.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.2-4、(2022·河北·石家莊二中模擬預(yù)測(cè))不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】利用分式不等式的解法,即可求得不等式的解集.【詳解】由不等式SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合分式不等式的解法,可得SKIPIF1<0,即不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.2-5、(2022·廣東·華南師大附中三模)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0成立,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是____________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0成立,即可求出a的取值范圍.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0成立,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.題組三、不等式的含參問(wèn)題3-1、(2022·山東威海市·高三期末)若關(guān)于的不等式的解集中恰有個(gè)正整數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)的取值范圍為()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】因?yàn)椴坏仁降慕饧星∮袀€(gè)正整數(shù),即不等式的解集中恰有個(gè)正整數(shù),所以,所以不等式的解集為所以這三個(gè)正整數(shù)為,所以,即故選:D3-2、(2022年江蘇鹽城市高三月考試卷)(多選題)若“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的充分不必要條件,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0可以是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.4【答案】ACD【解析】【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由題意知SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的真子集,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:ACD3-3、(2022·江蘇無(wú)錫期中)“a∈[0,1]”是“?x∈R,eqx\s\up6(2)-ax+1>0”成立的()A.充分不必要條件B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】條件的判斷、一元二次不等式的恒成立問(wèn)題【解析】由題意可知,對(duì)于?x∈R,eqx\s\up6(2)-ax+1>0,則=a2-4≤0,解得-2≤a≤2,因?yàn)閇0,1][-2,2],所以“a∈[0,1]”是“?x∈R,eqx\s\up6(2)-ax+1>0”成立的充分不必要條件,故答案選A.3-4、(2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江期中)(本小題滿分10分)設(shè)函數(shù)eqf(x)=ax\s\up6(2)+bx-3(a,b∈R,a≠0),關(guān)于x的不等式f(x)<k(k為常數(shù))的解集為(-3,1).(1)若k=0,求實(shí)數(shù)a,b的值;(2)當(dāng)x∈[1,3]時(shí),f(x)<x-2恒成立,試求a的取值范圍.【解析】(1)當(dāng)k=0,關(guān)于x的不等式f(x)<0,即ax2+bx-3<0的解集為(-3,1),可得-3,1是方程ax2+bx-3=0(a>0)的兩根,則-3+1=-EQ\F(b,a),-3×1=-EQ\F(3,a),解得a=1,b=2;(2)關(guān)于x的不等式f(x)<k(k為常數(shù))的解集為(-3,1),可得-3,1是方程ax2+bx-3-k=0(a>0)的兩根,則-3+1=-EQ\F(b,a),即有b=2a,當(dāng)x∈[1,3]時(shí),f(x)<x-2恒成立,即ax2+2ax-3<x-2,即有a(x2+2x)<x+1,即a≤EQ\F(x+1,x\S(2)+2x)對(duì)1≤x≤3恒成立.設(shè)g(x)=EQ\F(x+1,x\S(2)+2x)=EQ\F(x+1,(x+1)\s\up3(2)-1)=EQ\F(1,(x+1)-\F(1,x+1)),由1≤x≤3,可得2≤x+1≤4,又y=x+1-EQ\F(1,x+1)在[1,3]遞增,可得x=3時(shí),y=x+1-EQ\F(1,x+1)取得最大值EQ\F(15,4),所以g(x)的最小值為EQ\F(4,15),所以a≤EQ\F(4,15),即a的取值范圍是(-,EQ\F(4,15)]1、(2022年湖南常德市高三月考模擬試卷)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列命題正確的是()A.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0 B.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0C.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0 D.如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】【詳解】對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,所以錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,所以錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,所以錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,所以正確.故選:SKIPIF1<0.2、(2022年江蘇宿遷市高三月考模擬試卷)命題“SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0”為真命題的一個(gè)充分不必要條件是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為真命題,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)A,SKIPIF1<0是命題“SKIPIF1<0”為真命題的充分不必要條件,A對(duì),對(duì)B,SKIPIF1<0是命題“SKIPIF1<0”為真命題的充要條件,B錯(cuò),對(duì)C,SKIPIF1<0是命題“SKIPIF1<0”為真命題的必要不充分條件,C錯(cuò),對(duì)D,SKIPIF1<0是命題“SKIPIF1<0”為真命題的必要不充分條件,D錯(cuò),故選:A3、(2023·山西·統(tǒng)考一模)近年來(lái)受各種因素影響,國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格波動(dòng)較大,我國(guó)某鋼鐵企業(yè)需要不間斷從澳大利亞采購(gòu)鐵礦石,為保證企業(yè)利益最大化,提出以下兩種采購(gòu)方案.方案一:不考慮鐵礦石價(jià)格升降,每次采購(gòu)鐵礦石的數(shù)量一定;方案二:不考慮鐵礦石價(jià)格升降,每次采購(gòu)鐵礦石所花的錢數(shù)一定,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.方案一更經(jīng)濟(jì) B.方案二更經(jīng)濟(jì)C.兩種方案一樣 D.條件不足,無(wú)法確定【答案】B【分析】設(shè)第一次價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,第二次價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而求解兩種方案的平均數(shù),并比較大小即可.【詳解】解:設(shè)第一次價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,第二次價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,方案一:若每次購(gòu)買數(shù)量SKIPIF1<0,則兩次購(gòu)買的平均價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,方案二:若每次購(gòu)買錢數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,則兩次購(gòu)買的平均價(jià)格為SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),“=”號(hào)成立,所以方案二更經(jīng)濟(jì).故選:B.4、(2022年湖南湘陰縣知源高級(jí)中學(xué)高三月考試卷)(多選題)已知關(guān)于x的不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則()A.SKIPIF1<0B.不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】【詳解】關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0選項(xiàng)正確;且-2和3是關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0

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