高二英語Unit10Frighteningnature人教版知識精講

PAGE高二英語Unit10—Frighteningnature人教版【本講教育信息】一.教學內容：Unit10—Frighteningnature1.單元內容介紹與分析2.重點詞匯和短語的用法3.難點句的解釋與分析二.知識總結與歸納：（一）單元內容介紹與分析：1.本單元的中心話題是“自然災害”，具體涉及火山爆發(fā)、颶風和臺風等。2.聽力（Listening）部分提供了一則天氣預報。這個聽力練習要求學生結合聽力材料和所給的地圖，弄清其主旨大意和性質，并且盡可能多地從聽力材料中獲取細節(jié)信息。3.閱讀第一部分是一篇關于——一次災難性經(jīng)歷的敘述性文章。文章作者根據(jù)本人記憶和叔叔的筆記，描述了意大利南部的維蘇威火山于公元79年爆發(fā)的情景，特別記敘了作者的叔叔在本次災難中所表現(xiàn)出來的勇敢和無畏精神。通過對該文章的閱讀，豐富了學生有關本單元主題的語言和信息。4.閱讀的第二部分提供了一篇關于臺風的記敘文，要求學生在閱讀的基礎上進行大膽、合理的想象，續(xù)寫故事的結局。目的在于豐富學生的想象力的同時，幫助學生掌握描寫的寫作技能。5.交際用語：練習表達“焦急、害怕”等情感的交際用語。6.語法：掌握英語省略句的使用方法。三.重點詞匯和短語的用法：1.運用構詞知識理解掌握下列單詞：frightening；threat；terrify；erupt；courage；arrival；unbelievable；uncomfortable2.重點單詞的用法：（1）bury：埋藏，掩藏，埋頭于，專心致志于……AbouttwothousandyearsagoavolcanoinsouthernItalyeruptedandburiedtwosmalltownsundermetersofhotashandmud.Shewassittingwithherheadburiedinanewspaper.注意以下幾個常用的短語：burythehatch：言歸于好bury/hideone’sheadinthesand：閉眼不顧事實buryoneselfin：埋頭于，專心致志于（2）attention：注意；常用短語如下：draw/attract/catchone’sattention：吸引某人的注意payattentionto：注意MayIhaveyourattention,please.常用的交際用語：各位，請注意。（3）rise：升起，上升，起床，上漲，（不及物動詞，無被動式）Wewatcheditrisingfromamountain—atsuchadistancewecouldn’ttellwhichone,butwelaterlearntthatitwasMountVesuvius.Sherosetogreetherguests.Greatcheersrosefromthepeopleoutside.Thepeopleroseupagainsttheiroppressors.注意對比raise：（及物動詞）提高。Heraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheardinthecrowd.（4）sight：情景，視覺，視野。Thesightofitawokethescientistinmyuncletogoandseeitfromcloserathand.Whatabeautifulsightthoserosesmake!ComeandseethesightsofLondon.注意：in/outofsight：看見/看不見；catchsightof：突然看見。loseone’ssight：失明。（5）urge：催促，力勸；強烈要求Hepausedforamomentwonderingwhethertoturnbackasthecaptainurgedhim.WhatwerethecausethathasurgedGermanyintowar?Theteacherurgedustohandinourexercises.Heurgedmetostayfordinner.Letmeurgetheimportanceofthismeasure.（6）immediately：立刻，馬上，直接地Helpedbytwoslaveshestoodup,andimmediatelyfelldowndead.IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.3.重點短語的用法：（1）knockabout（2）livethrough（3）incircles四.難點句的解釋與分析：1.Wewatcheditrisingfromamountain—atsuchadistancewecouldn'ttellwhichone,butwelaterlearntthatitwasMountVesuvius.我們看著它從山上升騰起來——如此遠的距離使我們看不出是哪座山，但后來我們得知是維蘇威火山。tell意思是“區(qū)別”。又如：Humantastebudscantellthedifferencebetweenfourbasicflavours.Itisoftendifficulttotellidenticaltwinsfromeachother,evenwhentheyarestandingsidebyside.2.Thesightofitawokethescientistinmyuncletogoandseeitfromcloserathand.一看到這種情景，叔叔身上的科學精神被喚醒了，他要靠近火山去看個究竟。這句話帶有擬人修辭成分：由sight喚醒thescientistinmyuncle。這種手法在英語中十分常見。例如：Thestudysaystheremustbeacompleteoverhaulofairtrafficcontrolsystem.athand意思是“在手邊”；“在跟前”。又如：Ihaven'tthedictionaryathand,butIwillshowittoyoulater.Iwantyoutobeathandduringmyinterviewwiththeapplicants.3.HerhouselayatthefootofVesuvius,andtherewasnowayoutexceptbyboat.她的家位于維蘇威山腳下，除了乘船沒有出路。wayout（克服困難的）辦法，出路。例如：Hewastryingtothinkofawayout,butitwasimpossibletofindone.Infact,I'msurethat'stheonlysatisfactorywayout.4.Ashandbitsofrockthatwereburntblackwerefallingontotheshipnow,darkerandmore,theclosertheywent.灰塵和燒黑的石塊落進了小船，他們越是靠近，石塊也越來越黑、越來越多。注意themore…，themore結構的用法。例如：Themoreyoupractice，themoreperfectyouwillbe.越實踐就越熟練。5.Hehadtowaitforagoodwind,blowingtheotherwaythantheonethatcarriedmyunclerightin.他要等待合適的風向，此風向與我叔叔來時的相反。theotherway意思是“另一個方向”；相反。又如：Heturnedtheotherwaywhenhesawthepolicecoming.Hethoughtitwouldbeeasiertogotherethantocomeback,butitwasjusttheotherway,right意思是“徑直地”；“立即地”。又如：Theshipwentrighttothebottom,HeturnedontheTVrightafterhecameintotheroom.6.Helookedmoreasleepthandead.他看上去好像沒有死，而像是睡著了。more…than…與其說……，不如說……。例如：Don’tbetoohardonhim.Heismoremisledthanstupid.7.Youcanpickouttheimportantbits,foritisonethingtowritealetter,anothertowritehistory,onethingtowritetoafriend,anothertowriteforthepublic.你可以從中挑選重要的片段。寫信跟寫歷史是兩碼事，寫信是給朋友的，而書則是為公眾寫的。句型“Itisonethingtodo…，anothertodo…”意為“……是一回事，……又是另—回事”。例如：Itisonethingforyoutostayhere，anotherformetoaskyoutostayhere.Uponarrival,myunclehuggedPompyandtriedtogivehimcourage.到達后，叔叔擁抱龐培，并盡力給他打氣。upon或on后跟表示動態(tài)的名詞或動詞-ing形式，表示“在（做某事）時，當（某事發(fā)生）時”。例如：Uponarrival,theywentinsearchofahotel.Shewasjoyfuluponseeingherchildtakehisfirstplace.【典型例題】1.Yououghttostay.,yourmotherisill,Foranother,yourfatherisout.A.BesidesB.Anyhow C.ForonethingD.Worsestill答案：C分析：由后面的foranother及全句意義可知，第一空表達的是“首次，一次”的意義。2.Herbrothertoleaveherinthedarkroomalonewhenshedisobeyedhisorder.A.declared B.threatened C.warned D.exclaimed答案：B分析：句意為“當她不服從她哥哥的命令時，他威脅要將她一個人留在黑乎乎的房間里。”declare不與todo搭配，warn應為warnsb.nottodo；exclaim不合句意。3.He’ssufferingfromanstomach.A.anxious B.curious C.upset D.uneasy答案：C分析：句意為“他肚子不舒服。”upset不適的；不舒服的，與句意吻合4.Thetomatojuiceleftbrown____onthefrontofmyjacket.A.spot B.point C.track D.trace答案：A分析：句意為“番茄汁在我的夾克衫前面留下棕色的污點?！庇龐點；污點，與句意吻合。5.Theworkenduranceandpatience.A.callson B.callsin C.callsat D.callsfor答案：D分析：句意為“這工作需要耐力和耐心?！眂allfor需要；要求，與句意吻合。6.Whenclimbingthehill,Johnwasknockedunconsciousbyaroilingstone.A.untouched B.unexpected C.unfamiliar D.unbelievable答案：B分析：句意為“約翰爬山時，被一塊兒意想不到的滾石砸昏了?！?.Asayoungmanhesufferedalotfrompoverty.Heusedtointhemarket,tryingtofindajobforafewcoins.A.knockintoB.knockdown C.knockonD.knockabout答案：D分析：“年輕時他很窮，經(jīng)常在市場里閑逛．找些零活掙些小錢。8.Hewouldthinktogotherequickerthantocomeback,butitwasjust____.A.anotherwayB.theotherway C.otherwayD.theanotherway答案：B分析：“他覺得去時用的時間比來時短，其實正相反?！眛heotherway相反．為一固定短語。9.Jackranforadoctor;____westayedwiththepatient.A.however B.anyhow C.immediately D.meanwhile答案：D分析：句子前后表示“atthesametime”的意義，故應用meanwhile。10.Iwantyoutobeduringmyinterviewwiththeapplicants.A.athand B.atthehand C.inhand D.inthehand答案：A分析：句意為“申請人面試時我希望你在跟前?！盿thand在手邊；在眼前，與句意吻合。【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）一.單項選擇1.Helay____whenheheardthenoiseandrose_____hisfeet.A.awake;to B.awake;on C.wake;to D.wake2.Sheisfitforthejob.,sheloveschildren,_____,shehastaughtinaprimaryschool.A.First;then B.Foronething;foranotherC.Thefirstis;thesecondis D.Foronething;forthesecond3.He’sperfectlytoliveinthemountainandpaintspicturesallday.A.content B.popular C.anxious D.proud4.IttookMaryalongtimetoanewdressatthestore.A.pickup B.pickout C.turnout D.makeup5.Lastyeartheadvertisingrateby20percent.A.raised B.amused C.arose D.rose6.Hewouldthinktogotherequickerthantocomeback,butitwasjust____.A.anotherwayB.theotherway C.otherwayD.theanotherway7.Ishallhaveto__toyou,otherwisetheywillhearourfutureplan.A.say B.show C.whisper D.whistle8.Whatyouhavedoneisthedoctor’sorders.A.anthecontraryB.contraryto C.theotherwayD.tothecontrary9.Theguerrillaarmytriedto____thegovernmentA.knock B.overturn C.beat D.hit10.Helongedforagoodmarriage,a__jobandaguaranteedincome.Inotherwords,hewantedstability.A.safe B.steady C.severe D.easy二.完型填空：TheyearlyMarathoninmytownusuallyhappenedduringaheatwave.Myjobwastofollowbehindtherunnersinanambulance__1__anyofthemneededmedicalattention.“We’resupposetostaybehindthe__2__runner,sotakeitslowly,”Isaidtothedriver,Doug,astheracestarted.Thefront-runnersstartedto__3__andthenmyeyeswere___4__tothewomaninbluesilkrunningshortsandaloosewhiteT-shirt.Weknewwewerealreadywatchingour“l(fā)astrunner.”Her__5__weresocrippled（殘疾的）thatitseemedalmostimpossibleforhertobeabletowalk,__6__alonerunamarathon.DougandI__7__insilenceassheslowlymovedforward.__8__,shewastheonlyrunnerleftinsight.TearsstreameddownmyfacewhenIwatchedwithrespect___9__shepushedforwardwithgreat__10__throughthelastmiles.Whenthefinishlinecameintosight,rubbishlayeverywhereandthe__11__crowdshadlonggonehome.__12__,standingstraightandeversoproud__13__aloneman.Hewas__14__oneendofaribbon（緞帶）ofcrepepaper（皺紋紙）___15__toapost.Sheslowlycrossedthrough,leavingbothendsofthepaperflutteringbehindher.Idonotknowthiswoman’sname,butthatdayshebecamepartofmy__16__–apartIoftendependon.Forher,itwasn’tabout__17__theotherrunnersorwinningaprize,butabout__18__whatshehadsetouttodo,nomatter__19__.WhenIthinkthingsaretoodifficultorIgetthose“I-just-can’t-do-it,”Ithinkofthelastrunner.ThenIrealizehow__20__thetaskbeforemereallyis.1.A.sothat B.incase C.eventhough D.onlyif2.A.first B.best C.only D.last3.A.run B.separate C.disappear D.appear4.A.drawn B.thrown C.fixed D.caught5.A.hands B.legs C.arms D.body6.A.let B.leave C.speak D.take7.A.watched B.drove C.observed D.stared8.A.Quickly B.Unluckily C.Naturally D.Finally9.A.since B.before C.as D.until10.A.pain B.determination C.strength D.desire11.A.tired B.waiting C.cheering D.impatient12.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Yet D.Fortunately13.A.stood B.waited C.came D.had14.A.helping B.catching C.holding D.tying15.A.kept B.tied C.connected D.led16.A.dream B.feeling C.idea D.life17.A.following B.hoping C.encouraging D.beating18.A.finishing B.realizing C.starting D.winning19.A.where B.how C.when D.what20.A.difficult B.interesting C.easy D.hopeful三.閱讀理解：Treasurehuntshaveexcitedpeople’simaginationforbothhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeandinbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson’sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadtheideaofcombiningtherealexcitementoftreasurehuntwithcluesfoundinabookwhenhewroteachildren’sstoryMasquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofclues（線索）tohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitnearlytwoyears.Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic（邏輯）,notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.Hehadrealizedthatthewords:“oneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthehareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIII’ssixwives.Evenhere,however,Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimboltoninCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendiggingthereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedfordshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.ItwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdiggingaroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKidWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth￡3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.1.Theunderlinedword“them”（paragraph1）refersto____.A.redherring B.treasurehuntsC.Henry=8\*ROMANVIII‘ssixwives D.readersofMasquerade2.WhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertfindthehare?A.TwostonecrossesinAmpthill. B.Stevenson’sTreasureIslandC.KatherineofAragon D.Williams’hometown3.ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt____.A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773. B.toshowrespectforHenryVIII‘sfirstwife.C.toserveasroadsigninAmpthillPark. D.toinformpeoplewherethegoldharewas.4.WhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts’logicinsearchingforthehare?a.HenryVIII’ssixwives b.Katherine’sburialplaceatKimbolton.c.Williams’childhoodinAmpthill. d.KatherineofAragone.stonecrossesinAmpthillPark.A.a,b,c,e,d B.d,b,c,e,a C.a,d,b,c,e D.b,a,e,c,d5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Anexcitinghistoricalevent B.AmoderntreasurehuntC.TheattractionofMasquerade D.theimportanceoflogicalthinking

【試題答案】一.單項選擇1.Alie+adj.（awake）作表語；risetoone'sfeet站起，為一固定用法。2.Bforonething…foranother一則……再則……3.Abecontenttodosth.滿足于做某事，為一固定用法。4.B“挑選一件新裙子花了瑪麗好長時間。”5.D句意為“去年做廣告的比仍上升了20％?！眗aise，arouse，是及物動詞，與句子結構吻合；arise是不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生；起立”，與句子意思不吻合。6.B“他覺得去時用的時間比來時短，其實正相反。”theotherway相反．為一固定短語。7.C“我不得不小聲跟你講，以免他們聽到了我們的未來計劃?！眞hisper“小聲說；耳語，與句意吻合。8.B onthecontrary正相反；tothecontrary相反（的）地；theotherway相反，它們都不接賓語。contraryto…與……相反，與句中結構吻合。9.B句意為”游擊隊試圖推翻政府?！?0.B句意為“他渴求美滿的婚姻、穩(wěn)定的工作、固定的收入，換而言之，他想生活安定。”二.完型填空：1.