if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句

虛擬語氣

--------if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句虛擬語氣(if條件句)含義：其假設(shè)是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的；主從句皆須用虛擬

Iftheworkingconditionsarenottoobad,Iwillacceptthejob.（真實(shí)條件句：對(duì)現(xiàn)有事實(shí)的一種陳述，使用的是陳述語氣）---表達(dá)一種看法（工作條件狀況未知）

Iftheworkingconditionswerenottoobad,Iwouldacceptthejob.（非真實(shí)條件句---虛擬語氣）表達(dá)一種假設(shè)（與事實(shí)相反---工作條件已經(jīng)很糟糕了）If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的三種類型帶if的虛擬條件句省略if的虛擬條件句隱藏if的虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：if條件句用一般過去時(shí)（動(dòng)詞be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形Ⅰ、帶if的虛擬條件句eg:IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.Ifyoucould

beartheloneliness,youmightsucceed.與將來事實(shí)相反(推測(cè)將來)：if條件句中用過去時(shí)，或should/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形。eg.Ifshewereherethisevening,wewouldgoshopping.（從句：一般過去時(shí)）IfMaryweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.（從句：were+動(dòng)詞不定式）Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.(ButIdoubt)（從句：should+動(dòng)詞原形）Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,thepartywouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeople,ifwehadn’tbuiltsomanydams.

與過去事實(shí)相反：if條件句中用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+過去分詞。條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If+主語+過去式主語+would/should/could/mightdo與將來事實(shí)相反If+主語+過去式主語+would/should/could/mightdoweretodo/should/coulddo)與過去事實(shí)相反If+主語

+had+過去分詞主語+would/should/could/mighthavedoneIf引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞變化與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)從句中的三種謂語v變形：一般過去時(shí)were+todoShould/coulddo注：這三種均可用，不同的是在表示推測(cè)將來的時(shí)候，可能性的程度不同。Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ishould/wouldstayattomorrow.（常用形式）Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,…....（可能性較小）Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,……（可能性較大）Ⅱ.虛擬條件句中if的省略或隱藏1.省略if的虛擬條件句隱藏if的虛擬條件句-無“條件”的虛擬語氣句子1.省略if的虛擬條件句(主要用于書面語)在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)可將引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的連詞if省略，但此時(shí)應(yīng)用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were,should,,had等提到句首。

1.省略if的虛擬條件句如果她在這里，她也同意的。Ifshewerehere,shewouldagreetoo.→Wereshehere,shewouldagreetoo.假若明天下雨，我們只好推遲這場(chǎng)比賽。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthematch.→Shoulditraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthematch.1.省略if的虛擬條件句要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。Ifwehadfoundhimearlierwecouldhavesavedhislife.→Hadwefoundhimearlierwecouldhavesavedhislife1.省略if的虛擬條件句的否定式注意，如果條件從句的謂語為否定式，其中的否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were,should,had等縮略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。正：IfIhadn’twarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.正：HadInotwarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.誤：Hadn’tIwarnedyou,youcouldhavebeenkilled.1.省略if的虛擬條件句有時(shí)省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助動(dòng)詞，而是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如：HadItime,Iwouldgowithyou.假如我有時(shí)間，我就同你們一起去。句中的had不是構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式為：IfIhadtime,Iwouldgowithyou.Exercises：Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe

then____.[A]wouldhavebeenhere[B]shouldbehere[C]hadtobehere[D]wouldbethere

答案為[A]。or在這里隱含了與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，表示ifhehadnothadanaccident,所以其后的主句用wouldhavedone而不用其它的。Exercises：1.Givenmoretimeandmoney,he__betterthanwhatitis.A.didB.havedoneC.couldhavedoneD.woulddo2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor(律師)，he___abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005)wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.was