職稱英語(yǔ)理工類b級(jí)模擬17

職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B級(jí)模擬17

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處畫線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Thegovernmentisdebatingtheeducationlaws.

A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining

2、OnThanksgivingintheUnitedStates,familiesgatherandgivethanksfor

theblessingofthepastyear.

A.pickupB.cometogetherC.competeD.correspond

3、Thenormalpriceofaticketforanadultis$230.

A.ordinaryB.properC.fairD.medium

4、Hewassaidtohavebeenremovedfromthepositionofmanagerforarecent

conflictwithanimportantcustomer.

A.dismissedB.releasedC.pickedD.exposed

5、Idon11feelsecurewhenIamaloneinthehouse.

A.safeB.prettyC.distantD.obvious

6、There1snofuninspendingthewholeeveningplayingcards.

A.enjoymentB.strengthC,temperD.excitement

7、MsHawkinshandlesthecompany'saccounts.

A.dealswithB.dealsinC.holdsonD.holdsout

8、Ireservetherighttodisagree.

A.deserveB.keepC.perceiveD.notice

9、Thesolidfactsheprovidedinhisspeechleftadeepimpressiononhis

audience.

A.strongB.entireC.reliableD.hard

10>Wecan11takemorethan100guests.

A.holdB.setC?letD.catch

11>InTom'seyesztherestaurantatthecomerofthestreetisaverysmart

one.

A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave

12、Thecitywasliterallydestroyed.

A.word-for-wordB.eventuallyC.actuallyD.likely

13、There1snofuninspendingthewholeeveningplayingcards.

A.enjoymentB.strengthC.temperD.excitement

14、Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.resumedB.putanendtoC.suspendedD.re-scheduled

15>Mysisterhasatalentformusic.

A.interestB.limitationC?dreamD.gift

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文

中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

AGreatQuakeComing?

EveryonewholivesinSanFranciscoknowsthatearthquakesarecommonin

thebayareaandtheycanbedevastating.In1906,forexample,amajorquake

destroyedabout28,000buildingsandkilledhundreds,perhapsthousandsof

people.Residentsnowwonderwhenthenext"BigOne11willstrike.It1sbound

tohappensomeday.Atleastsevenactivefault（斷層）linesrunthroughthe

SanFranciscoarea.FaultsareplaceswherepiecesofEarth*scrust（土也殼）

slidepasteachother.Whenthesepiecesslip,thegroundshakes.

Toprepareforthatday,scientistsareusingnewtechniquestoreanalyze

the1906earthquakeandpredicthowbadthedamagemightbewhenthenext

onehappens.

Onenewfindingaboutthe1906earthquakeisthattheSanAndreasfault

splitapartfasterthanscientistshadassumedatthetime.Duringsmall

earthquakeszfaultsrupture.（斷裂）atabout2.7kilometerspersecond.During

biggerquakes,however,rupturescanhappenatratesfasterthan3.5kilometers

persecond.

Atsuchhighspeeds,massiveamountsofpressurebuildup,generating

undergroundwavesthatcancausemoredamagethanthequakeitself.Lucky

forSanFrancisco,thesepressurepulsestravelawayfromthecityduring

the1906event.Asbadasthedamagewas,itcouldhavebeenfarworse.

Lookingahead,scientistsaretryingtopredictwhenthenextmajorquake

willoccur.Recordsshowthatearthquakeswerecommonbefore1906.Since

then,theearthquakehasbeenrelativelyquiet.Patternsinthedata,however,

suggestthattheprobabilityofamajorearthquakestrikingtheBayAreabefore

2032isatleast62percent.

NewbuildingsinSanFranciscoarequitesafeincaseoffuturequakes.

Still,morethan84percentofthecity1sbuildingsareoldandweak.Analyses

suggestthatanothermassiveearthquakewouldcauseextensivedamage.

PeoplewholivetheretendtofeelsafebecauseSanFranciscohasremained

prettyquietforawhile.Accordingtothenewresearch,however,it*snot

amatterof"iftheBigOnewillhit".It*sjustamatterofwhen.

16、TheSanFranciscoareaislocatedaboveseveralactivefaultlines.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>The1906earthquakeinSanFranciscoisthemostsevereoneinAmerican

history.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thehighestspeedoffaultrupturesinthe1906quakewasmorethan3.5

kilometerspersecond.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Earthquakesrarelyhappenedbefore1906.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、SanFranciscoisfullypreparedforanotherbigearthquake.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Scientistwillbeabletopredicttheexacttimeofanearthquakesoon.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、AmajorearthquakestrikingSanFranciscosomedayisinevitable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1、2、3、

5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；⑵第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)

最佳選項(xiàng)。

Liedetectors

1Liedetectors（測(cè)謊儀）arewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestofindoutwhether

apersonistellingthetruthornot.Polygraphists,thepersonwhooperatethem,claim

thattheycanestablishguiltbydetectingphysiologicalchangesthataccompany

emotionalstress.Thetechniqueadoptedistoaskleadingquestionssuchas:"Didyou

takethemoney?"or"Wheredidyouhidethemoney?'*,mixedinwithneutral

questions,andmeasurethesubject'selectricalresistanceinthepalmorchangesinhis

breathingandheartrate.Suchapparatushasobtainedwidespreadrecognition.

2WhetherliedetectorswilleverbeadoptedonasimilarscaleinBritainisstilla

matterofopinion.Atfirstsight,itappearsobviousthatanysimple,reliablemethodof

convictingguiltypeopleisvaluable,butrecentresearchsponsoredbytheU.S.Officeof

PublicHealthnotonlyraisesdoubtsabouthowliedetectorsshouldbeusedbutalso

makesitquestionablewhethertheyshouldlieemployedatall.

3Thepointisthat,apartfrommanyofthepolygraphistsbeingunqualified,the

teststhemselvesarebynomeansfreefromerror,primarilybecausetheydiscount

humanimaginationandingenuity.Thinkofallthoseperfectlyinnocentpeople,with

nothingtobeafraidof,whoblushandstammerwhenacustomsofficerasksthemif

theyhaveanythingtodeclare.Fear,andaconsequentlyheightenedelectricalresponse,

maynotbeenoughtoestablishguilt.Itdependsonwhetherthesubjectisafraidof

beingfoundoutorafraidofbeingwrongfullyconvicted.

4Ontheotherhand,thepersonwhoisreallyguiltyandwhosepast,experience

haspreparedhimforsuchtestscandistorttheresultsbyanticipatingthecrucial

questionsordeliberatelygivingexaggeratedresponsestoneutralones!

5Thesuccessrateofupto90%claimedforliedetectorsismisleadingly

attractive.Ifwerefersuchafiguretoacompanywith500employees,twentyofwhom

arethieves,theliedetectorcouldcatch18ofthembutindoingsowouldplace32

innocentemployeesundersuspicion.Theproblemforthemanagementwouldtherefore

becomeoneofdecidinghowmuchindustrialunresttheyarepreparedtocauseinorder

toeliminatetheft.Whatconcernsresearchworkersevenmore,ofcourse,isthefact

thatacertainnumberofinnocentpeopleareboundtobeconvictedofcrimesthatthey

havenotcommitted.

ADifferentopinioninBritain

BTheliedetectorsaremisleadinglyattractive

CTherecognitionofamethod

DTheexampleofusingliedetectors

ETheprincipletofindaperson1sguilt

FTheproblemofusingliedetectors

23、Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25>Paragraph3

26、Paragraph5

Aanticipatingthecrucialquestions

BliedetectorsarewildlyusedintheUnitedStates

Cconvictedofcrimestheyhavenotcommitted

Dwhethertoadopttheliedetectorsornot

Etheydiscounthumanimaginationandingenuity

Fliedetectorsiremisleadinglyattractive

27、Inordertofindoutwhetherapersonistellingthetruthornot

28、InBritain,peoplecouldn1tdecide

29、Thetestthemselvesarebynomeansfreefromerror,because

30、Thepersonwhoisreallyguiltycandistorttheresultsby

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

弟扁

SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

Low-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,according

toastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.

Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinfluencesomeofthedifference

inthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.

Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecentzwell-publicizedefforts

toreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoaccept

farethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers,pointed

outJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,whowasleadinvestigator

onthestudy.

DietshighinsaltCanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.

Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogether

onwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyable

toeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.

Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsalty

foodssuchassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks.

Testsubjectswere45menand42women,reportedlyhealthy,ranginginage

from20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactively

modifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedthe

intensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarely

detectabletostrongestsensationofanykind.

“Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmore

salt,bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalsobecause

itisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood,"saidHayes."Supertasters,

peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,consumemoresaltthannon-tasters

do.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleastforthese

foods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore.H

However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasant

bittertastesinfoodssuchascheesezHayesnoted."Forexample,cheese

isawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk,butalsobitter

tastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfinds

low-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."

Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFox

andageneticistnamedBlakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheir

abilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult,Hayesexplained,weknow

thatawiderangeintasteacuityexistszandthisvariationisasnormal

asvariationsineyeandhaircolor.

“Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeing

extremelybitter,whileothers,callednon-tasters,findthesesamebitter

compoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."hesaid."Responsetobitter

compoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfood

preferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness.

31>Inparagraph2,JohnHayespointsoutthat.

A.itisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.

B.manypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.

C.manypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantly.

D.foodwithreducedsalttastesbetter.

32、Thefourthparagraphdescribesbriefly

A.howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.

B.howtoidentifysupertastersandnon-tasters.

C.whytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87persons.

D.whytoselectmoremalesubjectsthanfemaleones.

33、Thearticlearguesthatsupertasters.

A.likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood

B.likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor

C.consumelesssaltbecausetheydon*tlikeintensivetastes

D.liketosharesaltycheesewithnon-tasters

34、Whichofthefollowingappliestosupertastersintermsofbittertaste?

A.Theylikebitternessinfoodsaswellassaltiness.

B.Theylikehighsaltcheeseasithasintensebittertaste.

C.Theypreferhigh-saltcheesewhichtasteslessbitter.

D.Theypreferhigh-saltcheeseasitisgoodtohealth.

35、Whatmessagedothelasttwoparagraphscarry?

A.Tasteacuityisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Tasteacuityisdevelopedovertimeafterbirth.

C.Tasteacuityisrelatedtoone*seyeandhaircolor.

D.Tasteacuityisstillamysterioussubjectinscience.

弟一^扁

Mind-readingMachine

AteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhat

kindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat1shappeningintheir

brains.

Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobjectto

yourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyes

sendcellsinyourbraincalledneuronsareresponsibleforthisprocessing.

ThefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)brainscanscould

generallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofa

picturethatsomeonewaslookingat.

Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.Blood

bringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuroniszthemoreoxygen

itwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,themoreactiveits

neurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.Andbyusing

fMRI,scientistscanvisualizewhichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-rich

blood--andtherefore,whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.

AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesin

bloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivity

changeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesoutanactivity

likespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhen

apersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecific

patternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.

TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteers

viewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjectszlikepeople,animalszand

fruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthevolunteers1brain

activitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Differentobjectscauseddifferent

regionsofthevolunteers1brainstolightuponthescan,indicatingactivity.

Thescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrain

mightrespondtoanyimagetheeyessee.

Inasecondtestzthescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120new

pictures.Likebefore,theirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedat

anewimage.Thistime,thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefMRI

scanstotheimage.Forexample,ifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesame

patternofbrainactivitythatwasstronglyrelatedtopicturesofapples

inthefirsttestztheirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelooking

atapples.

36、Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?

A.Asmallregionofthebrain.

B.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

C.Neuronsinthebrain.

D.Oxygen-richblood

37>WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?

A.Ceilsinyourbrainarecalledneurons.

B.Themoreoxygenaneuronconsumes,themoreblooditneeds.

C.FMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverwhichpartsofthebrainprocess

information.

D.fMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverhowthebraindevelopsintelligently.

38、"Highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork"means.

A.Hmarkingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation*1

B."givinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"

C."puttingthepartsofthebraintowork"

D."stoppingthepartsofthebrainfromworking"

39、Whatdidtheresearchersexperimenton?

A.Animals,objects,andfruits.

B.Twovolunteers.

C.fMRImachines.

D.Thousandsofpictures.

40、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestreplacementofthetide?

A.TheRecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology.

B.YourThoughtsCanBeScanned

C.ATechnologicalDream.

D.ADevicethatcanHelpYouCalculate.

-^植

PuttingPlantstoWork

Usingthepowerofthesunisnothingnew.Peoplehavehadsolar-powered

calculatorsandbuildingswithsolarpanelsfordecades.Butplantsarethe

realexperts：They'vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillions

ofyears.

Ceilsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvert

sunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergy

thattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.

1

Unfortunately,unlessyou*reaplantzitsdifficultandexpensivetoconvert

sunlightintostorableenergy.That1swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlook

atexactlyhowplantsdoit.

Somescientistsaretryingtogetplantszorbiologicalcellsthatact

likeplantsztoworkasminiaturephotosyntheticpowerstations.Forexample,

MafiaGhirardioftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colo.,

isworkingwithgreenalgae.She*stryingtotrickthemintoproducinghydrogen

insteadofsugarswhentheyperformphotosynthesis.Oncetheresearcherscan

getthealgaeworkingefficiently,thehydrogenthattheyproducecouldbe

usedtopowerfuelcellsincarsortogenerateelectricity.

Thealgaearegrowninnarrow-neckedglassbottlestoproducehydrogen

inthelabduringphotosynthesis,plantsnormallymakesugarsorstarches.

"Butundercertainconditionszalotofalgaeareabletousethesunlight

energynottostorestarch,buttomakehydrogen."Ghirardisays.Forexamplez

algaewillproducehydrogeninanairfreeenvironment.It*stheoxygenin

theairthatpreventsalgaefrommakinghydrogenmostofthetime.

Workinginanairfreeenvironmentzhowever,isdifficult.It*snota

practicalwaytoproducecheapenergy.ButGhirardiandhercolleagueshave

discoveredthatbyremovingachemicalcalledsulfatefromtheenvironment

thatthealgaegrowin,theywillmakehydrogeninsteadofsugarszevenwhen

airispresent.

Unfortunately,removingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae1scellsworkvery

slowly,andnotmuchhydrogenisproduced.Still,theresearchersseethis

asafirststepintheirgoaltoproducehydrogenefficientlyfromalgae.

Withmorework,theymaybeabletospeedthecells'activityandproduce

largerquantitiesofhydrogen.

Theresearchershopethatalgaewillonedaybeaneasy-to-usefuelsource.

Theorganismsarecheaptogetandtofeed,Ghirardisays,andtheycangrow

almostanywhere："Youcangrowtheminareactor,inapondYoucangrowthem

intheocean.There*salotofflexibilityinhowyoucanusetheseorganisms.

ii

41、Whatdoesthewritersayaboutplantsconcerningsolarenergy?

A.Plantsaretherealexpertsinproducingsolarenergy.

B.Plantshavebeenusedtoproducesolarenergy.

C.Plantshavebeenusingsolarenergyforbillionsofyears.

D.Plantshavebeenasourceofsolarenergy.

42、Whydosomescientistsstudyhowplantsconvertsunlightcarbondioxide,

andwaterintosugarsandstarches?

A.Becausetheywantalgaetoproducesugarsandstarches.

B.Becausetheywantgreenplantstobecomeanewsourceofenergy.

C.Becausetheywanttoturnplantsugarstoanewformofenergy.

D.Becausetheywanttomakephotosynthesismoreefficient.

43、Accordingtothefifthparagraph,underwhatconditionsarealgaeable

tousesolarenergytomakehydrogen?

A.Whenthereisalotofoxygenintheair

B.Whenthereisnooxygenintheair.

C.Whenphotosynthesisistakingplace.

D.Whenenoughstarchisstored

44、Researchershavemetwithdifficultieswhentryingtomakealgaeproduce

hydrogenefficiently.

Whichoneofthefollowingisonesuchdifficulty?

A.It