考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷33（共200題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷33（共9套）（共200題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchers,suspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis"off-line."Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"It'syourdream,"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit."Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet."Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday."saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor"wewakeupinapanic,"Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'11feelbetterinthemorning.1、ResearchershavecometobelievethatdreamsA、canbemodifiedintheircourses.B、aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.C、reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.D、arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第一段中oneleadingauthoritysays…可知，一名著名權威人士提到，夢這種異常強烈的精神活動是可以被我們自己有效控制的。卡特賴特說“夢是你自己的，如果不喜歡，就改變它”。由以上幾點可知，研究人員認為，夢在形成過程中“能夠被改變”，故選A項。2、Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowA、itsfunctioninourdreams.B、themechanismofREMsleep.C、therelationofdreamstoemotions.D、itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.標準答案：C知識點解析：例證題。根據第二段第一句可知，作者指出“大腦造影的證據支持了上述觀點”，“上述觀點”就是第一段中提到的觀點，作者認為夢是大腦情感自動調溫器，可以幫助調節(jié)情緒。作者在第二段第三句提到了“邊緣系統(tǒng)”也是在詳細描述“大腦造影的證據”。由以上幾點可以推知，作者通過提到大腦的邊緣系統(tǒng)來闡述大腦造影的證據，從而說明其支持“夢與情感相聯(lián)系”的觀點，故選C項。3、ThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoA、aggravateinourunconsciousmind.B、developintohappydreams.C、persisttillthetimewefallasleep.D、showupindreamsearlyatnight.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第三段第二句可知，大多數人傾向于在剛入睡時做噩夢，在睡醒前的時候則會做一些開心的夢，而這表示人們在夢里就緩解了白天產生的不良情緒。由此可知，白天產生的負面情緒往往“出現在夜晚早期的夢中”，故選D項。4、CartwrightseemstosuggestthatA、wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.B、visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.C、dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.D、dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.標準答案：D知識點解析：推斷題。根據第四段第一句，做夢的過程不一定是無意識的，從這我們可以得知作者不認為做夢是完全無意識的行為，故選D項。5、WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?A、Leadyourlifeasusual.B、Seekprofessionalhelp.C、Exerciseconsciouscontrol.D、Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第五段卡特賴特的觀點，在一天的生活結束時，只要我們的夢不會導致失眠或者讓我們從睡眠中驚醒，我們就不用去擔心它。而這段的段末也說到那些沒有受到噩夢長期困擾的人盡管去睡覺、做夢，因為早起時你的負面情緒會好得多。由此可以推知，卡特賴特暗示人們只需要“像往常一樣生活”，故選A項。Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing".Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don'tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould"adopt"middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.6、TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordstoA、callonscientiststotakesomeactions.B、criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights.C、warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.D、showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.標準答案：A知識點解析：推斷題。本題關鍵詞為EdmundBurke’swords，通讀全文發(fā)現篇首的話在篇尾得到了呼應：Ifgoodpeopledonothing，thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress．一首一尾的呼應突出了這篇文章的中心：呼喚科學家們采取行動，切勿讓人們的無知阻礙了醫(yī)學的發(fā)展。所以應該選A項。B項錯誤的原因在于沒有抓住文章的中心要義。C、D項無中生有。7、MisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisA、cruelbutnatural.B、inhumanandunacceptable.C、inevitablebutvicious.D、pointlessandwasteful.標準答案：B知識點解析：細節(jié)題。本題關鍵詞為Misledpeople，usingananimalinresearch。從前兩段和第三段的最后一句中，可知受到誤導的人們認為用動物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。所以B項最符合原文。A項cruel(殘忍的)正確，但是natural(自然的)不對，正相反，人們認為那是非常不合情理的。C項inevitablebutvicious(不可避免的，但含有惡意的)也不正確。D項pointlessandwasteful(毫無意義的，且浪費的)，實際上，人們的反對態(tài)度很強烈。D項雖無原則上的錯誤，但是不如B項更貼近原文意思。8、Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’sA、discontentwithanimalresearch.B、ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.C、indifferencetoepidemics.D、anxietyaboutanimalrights.標準答案：B知識點解析：例證題。根據關鍵詞grandmotherlywoman、showthepublic’s定位至第二段。這個例子說的是一位老太太向大家散發(fā)傳單．號召大家不要用任何來自于動物或在動物身上試驗過的東西。當問及是否反對使用疫苗時，老太太并不知道疫苗是從動物研究中得來的。她認為，若疫苗也來源于動物，那么就不應使用疫苗，流行病自有科學家們用計算機來解決?？梢娎咸珜茖W的無知。而她的這種無知是很普遍的。第二段最后一句話感嘆：Suchwell—meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand．(這些好心人壓根就不明白)。所以答案為B項。A項表述與主題不符，C項表述錯誤，D項無中生有。9、Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshouldA、communicatemorewiththepublic.B、employhi-techmeansinresearch.C、feelnoshamefortheircause.D、strivetodevelopnewcures.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據關鍵詞thechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates、scientists，定位至第三段。從Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate，understandableway…可知，正確答案為A項。C項無中生有，B、D項表述錯誤。10、FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperisA、awell-knownhumanist.B、amedicalpractitioner.C、anenthusiastinanimalrights.D、asupporterofanimalresearch.標準答案：D知識點解析：推斷題。根據關鍵詞StephenCooper，定位至最后一段。Finally，becausetheultimatestake-holdersarepatients…StephenCooper，whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofani—malresearch…從這句話中，可知Cooper是個名人，也是患者，他曾經高度贊揚過動物研究的價值。所以，可以推斷出他是支持動物研究的。答案是D項。A項表述錯誤，B項原文并未提及，C項與原文意思相反。Manyareawareofthetremendouswasteofenergyinourenvironment,butfailtotakeadvantageofstraightforwardopportunitiestoconservethatenergy.Forexample,everyoneknowsthatlightsshouldbeswitchedoffwhennooneisinanoffice.Similarly,whenemployeesarenotusingameetingroom,thereisnoneedtoregulatetemperature.Fortunately,oneneednotrelyonhumaninterventiontoconserveenergy.Withthehelpofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology,energyconservationprocessessuchasturningofflightsandadjustingtemperaturecanbereadilyautomated.Ultimately,thistechnologywillenableconsumersandplantmanagerstobetteridentifywastefulenergyuseandinstituteproceduresthatleadtosmarterandmoreefficienthomes,buildingsandindustrialplants.Untilnow,wiresandcablesforpowerandconnectivityhavelimitedthewidespreadadoptionofsensornetworksbymakingthemdifficultandexpensivetoinstallandmaintain.Battery-poweredwirelessnetworkscansimplifyinstallationandreducecost.Buttheirhighpowerconsumptionandthecorrespondingneedforregularbatteryreplacementhasmadewirelessnetworksdifficultandcostlytomaintain.Nobodywantstoreplacehundredsorthousandsofwindowsensorbatteriesinalargebuildingonaregularbasis.Thepromiseofwirelesssensornetworkscanonlybefullyrealizedwhenthewiringforboththedatacommunicationandthepowersupplyiseliminated.Doingsorequiresatruebattery-freewirelesssolution,onethatcanutilizeenergyharvesteddirectlyfromtheenvironments.Tofacilitatethewidespreaddeploymentofwirelesssensornetworks,Greenpeakhasdevelopedanultra-low-powercommunicationtechnologythatcanutilizeenvironmentalenergysourcessuchaslight,motionandvibration.Thistechnology,employingon-boardpowermanagementcircuitsandcomputersoftwaretomonitorenergyharvestersandmakethebestuseofharvestedenergy,enablessensorstooperatereliablyinabattery-freeenvironment.Wirelesssensornetworksdeployedinourofficesandhomeswillhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives,helpingtobuildasmarterworldinwhichenergyisrecycledandfullyutilized.Thesewirelessplatforms,equippedwithadvancedsensingcapability,willenableustobettercontrolourlives,homesandenvironment,creatingatrulyconnectedworldthatenablespeopleworldwidetoliveinamorecomfortable,safer,andcleanerenvironment.11、By"humanintervention"(Para.2),theauthorreferstoA、thereductionofgreatenergywasteintheenvironment.B、thegraspingofstraightforwardopportunitiesavailable.C、actsliketurningofflightswhennooneisintheroom.D、theadoptionofsmartsensingandnetworktechnology.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第二段第一、二句可知，人們沒有必要依賴人為干預以節(jié)約能源，有了智能遙感技術和網絡技術的幫助，諸如關燈和調控溫度此類的節(jié)能方式就很容易實現自動化。因此答案為C項。12、BatteriesarenotanidealenergysourceforsensornetworksbecausetheyA、havetobereplacedfromtimetotime.B、containmetalsthatpollutetheenvironment.C、requireautomaticrecharging.D、aredifficultandcostlytomaintain.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。通過第三段第二到第五行可知，靠電池供電的無線網絡可以簡化安裝程序，并降低成本。但是由于網絡能量消耗高，需要定期更換電池，所以這種網絡很難維護，而且維護成本相當高。因此答案為A項。13、Battery-freewirelesssensornetworksaremadepossiblebythefactthatA、thereisenergyintheenvironmenttobeutilized.B、thecostofusingthemhasbeendrasticallyreduced.C、moderndatacommunicationconsumeslittleenergy.D、theirmaintenancehasbeengreatlysimplified.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第四段前兩句可知，當數據通信和供電系統(tǒng)之間的線全部清除時，無線傳感器網絡這個愿望就完全可以實現。這就需要一個真正的不同電池的無線網絡解決方案，那種網絡可以直接利用從環(huán)境中獲得的能源。因此答案為A項。14、Accordingtothepassage,GreenpeakA、isthefirstcompanytoinstallwirelesssensornetworks.B、promotestheapplicationofwirelesssensornetworks.C、suppliesbatteriesoperatingonharvestedenergy.D、benefitshandsomelyfromcommunicationtechnology.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。通過第四段第三句可知，為了方便無線傳感器網絡廣泛部署，已經開發(fā)出一種超低功耗的通信技術，該技術能夠利用環(huán)境中的光、運動和震動之類的能源。據此推斷，答案為B項。15、WirelesssensornetworkspromisetoA、bringbusinesseshighprofits.B、furtherdevelopthesensingtechnology.C、turnmotionintoamajorsourceofenergy.D、improvethedailylivesofpeopleworldwide.標準答案：D知識點解析：推斷題。通過第五段最后一句可知，這些無線平臺具有先進的傳感性能，能幫助我們更好地控制生活、住房及環(huán)境，創(chuàng)造一個真正相連的世界，一個能讓來自世界各地的人的居住環(huán)境更加舒適、更加安全、更加干凈的世界。據此推斷，答案為D項。Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,whethertheyareofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingtragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity'sTearAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication,todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof"dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.16、ItisknownfromthefirstparagraphthatA、cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople.B、cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy.C、sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericans.D、onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。由關鍵詞thefirstparagraph定位至第一段，由Tears…makeAmericansfeelun—comfortableandembarrassed可知，流淚讓美國人感到不舒服和尷尬，因此答案為C項。17、Whatdoes"boththoseresponsestotears"(Para.1)referto?A、Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B、Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.C、Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.D、Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。第一段共五句話。第一句概括說哭泣在美國是不受歡迎的。接下來的三句是對第一句的解釋，哭泣的人要道歉，看見哭泣的人要阻止哭泣。最后一句話是最近研究表明這些行為對健康十分不利。由此可見boththoseresponsestotears是指shedderoftearsislikelytoapologize．．．observeroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring，因此B項是對此的概括。18、"Counterproductive"(Para.1)veryprobablymeansA、havingnoeffectatall.B、leadingtotension.C、producingdisastrousimpact.D、harmfultohealth.標準答案：D知識點解析：含義題。Counterproductive所在句子為boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive，由并列連詞and可知counterproductive的意思應該是inappropriate(不合適的)，結合上下文，流淚的人可能要道歉，看見流淚的人要盡力停止這種情感的傾瀉，這兩種情形都對健康有害，因此答案為D項。19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A、Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.B、Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.C、Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D、Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。按照出題順序尋找至第二段，根據最后一句可知A項Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival(哭泣在人類生存中起一定作用)是對itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival(認為哭泣有利于生存是符合邏輯的)的同義轉述。20、Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A、Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.B、Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C、Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye"syndromeinsomecases.D、Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.標準答案：D知識點解析：推斷題。根據newstudies定位至第四段，由第一句thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress可知．D項Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress是對其的同義轉述，意為眼淚可以減輕壓力，reduce是alleviate的同義詞。考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.TimeistheelementthatAmericanssavecarefully."Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,"ithasbeensaid.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmosttangible.Itisapreciouscommodity.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.Wewanteveryminutetocount.Aforeigner'sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.islikelytobethateveryoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.Citypeopleappearalwaystobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,elbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirerrands.Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Peopleinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsotheytoocanbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.ManynewcomerstotheStateswillmisstheopeningcourtesiesofabusinesscall,forexample.Theywillmisstheritualsocializingthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybetraditionalintheirowncountry.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverprolongedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrustandrapport.Rapporttomostofusislessimportantthanperformance.Weseekoutevidenceofpastperformanceratherthanevaluateabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialcourtesies.Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.Assignmentsarethusfelttobeaddedweightbythepassageoftime.IntheU.S.,however,itistakenasasignofcompetencetosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withrapidity.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto"getitmoving".1、Bysayingthat"Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass,theycannotbereplaced"(Lines3-4,Paragraph2),thewritermeansthatA、thesandsthatcannotbereplacedwilldisappear.B、thepasttimecannotcomebackagain.C、thehourglasscannotsavetimeforpeople.D、peopleshouldnotwearhourglasswithsands.標準答案：B知識點解析：作者說Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass，theycannotbereplaced(在第二段第三至第四行)這句話的意思是?[A]無法取代的沙粒會消失。[B]逝去的時間再也回不來了。[C]沙漏無法為人們節(jié)省時間。[D]人們應該戴著沙漏。原文此處運用了比喻的手法。此句話的前文提到：時間就是一種寶貴的商品，許多人深感人的一生之短促。此句直譯也就是：沙粒一旦從人生時間的沙漏里溜走，就不能再被填充上了。也就是時間溜走、一去不復返的意思。后面又進一步解釋了為什么時間短促，這正是[B]的意思。[A]、[C]、[D]三項都是字面意思，不可被迷惑。2、Aforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.isthatA、fast-foodindustryinAmericaisprosperous.B、Americansarenotpoliteinpubliceating-places.C、Americansdonotinvitevisitorstodinnerstodevelopfriendship.D、Americansareofteninahurrytodothings.標準答案：D知識點解析：外國人對美國的第一印象是[A]美國的快餐業(yè)很繁榮。[B]美國人在公共就餐場所不禮貌。[C]美國人不會為了培養(yǎng)友誼邀請訪客吃飯。[D]美國人經常匆匆忙忙地做事情。根據題干中的關鍵詞firstimpression，可以在第三段第一句話中找到本題的答案。原文指出：外國人到美國的第一印象就是：人人都匆匆忙忙，也就是說他們經常有壓力。然后舉例證明美國人是如何忙碌地工作和生活的，這正是[D]的內容。[A]文中并未提及；[B]錯在作者并沒有給美國人的習慣定性成不禮貌；[c]出現在第四段，根據文章內容，這不是外國人的第一印象。3、Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"rapport"(Line5,Paragraph4)?A、Rapidity.B、Exploration.C、Relationship.D、Performance.標準答案：C知識點解析：下列哪項是第四段第五行的單詞rapport的最佳解釋?[A]迅速。[B]研究。[C]關系。[D]表現?？忌衫媒Y構法解題。這個單詞出現在第四段的這句話中：theydevelopasenseoftrustandrapport，就像我們漢語常用的并列類的構詞方法把意思相近的字結合在一起構詞一樣，英語當中經常用and連接兩個語意相近或相關的詞。因此，本題中rapport就是trust的近義詞，再看四個選項，只有[C]與trust意思最接近，所以為正確答案。4、Fromthetext,wecanconcludethatAmericansA、assesstheirbusinesspartnersthroughchattingduringthedinner.B、haveprejudiceagainstthenewcomersfromothercultures.C、emphasizetherapidityinfulfillingthetasksuccessfully.D、pourmoremoneytosolveaproblemtogainrespect.標準答案：C知識點解析：我們從本文中可以得出結論：美國人[A]通過在吃飯時閑聊評價他們的生意伙伴。[B]對來自其他文化、初來美國的人有偏見。[C]強調任務成功完成的速度。[D]投入更多的資金來解決問題以獲得尊敬。本題考查了文章中的多個細節(jié)，宜采取排除法解題。根據[A]中的關鍵詞assess，可以在原文第四段第三句話中找到相應信息。文章指出：美國人不會在這種輕松的環(huán)境下通過長時間的閑聊來評價他們的來訪者，可見[A]與原文正好相反；由[B]中的prejudice可以判斷出此項內容文中并未提及，所以[B]排除；根據[C]中的關鍵詞rapidity和fulfillthetasksuccessfully可以在第五段中部找到相應的信息：itistakenasasignofcornpetencetofulfillajobsuccessfully，withrapidity．(快速成功地完成任務是有能力的表現)，與[C]的論述一致，為正確答案．[D]錯在不定式togainrespect上，原文的目的狀語是getitmoving，而不是獲得尊敬。5、Whatistheattitudeofthenewcomersfromdifferentculturestowardsfinishingtheworkfast?A、Unimportant.B、Respectful.C、Successful.D、Serious.標準答案：A知識點解析：源自不同背景文化、初來美國的人對快速完成工作的態(tài)度怎樣?[A]不重要。[B]恭敬的。[C]成功的。[D]嚴肅的。根據題干中的關鍵詞differentcultures和workfinishedfast，可以在第五段的第一句話和第二句話中找到相關信息。原文指出：要是不費上一定的時間，他們就覺得好像當前考慮的事情不夠重要，這正是[A]的意思，所以[A]為正確答案。InBritainonethirdofallmarriagesendindivorceandoneinfourfamilieswithchildrenisheadedbyaloneparent.ArecentstudybytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentfoundsuchchildrenare40%morelikelytobepooracademicperformers.Anotherreport—DivorceandSeparation:theOutcomesforChildren—surveys200researchstudies.TheauthorsBryanRogersandJanPryordrawthebleakconclusionthatchildrenofseparatedfamiliestendtogainfeweracademicqualificationsaswellasbeingmorelikelytoleaveschoolandhomeearly.Theyarealsoatamuchhigherriskofbehavingantisociallyorcriminallyandaremorelikelytoresorttosmoking,drinkingandillegaldruguse.So,giventhesegloomyfacts,isthereanythingthatschoolscando?TivertonhighschoolinDevonthinksthereis.NowTivertonhaswona20,000BarclaysNewFuturesChallengeAwardtofinanceaprojectcalledChangingFamilies.Theaimistohelpthechildrenwithintheschool,andthentomovetheworkoutintothecommunityandprimaryschools.NinaWroe,aformerdeputyheadteacherinExeter,istheschool'scommunitypartner.Sheworkedwithagroupof12-and13-year-olds.Theyaretellinganddevelopingastoryoverseveralweeksandtheyplantotakeitouttoprimaryschoolsasapieceofdrama.Somestudentsarecommittedandkeen.Othersareveryfidgetyandclearlydisturbed."MarkandSarahdon'twanttodothingstogetheranymore.Theyargue.Andhe'sspendingtoomuchtimewithhissecretary,"oneofthegirlshelpfullyrecalls.Graduallytheothersfleshoutthecompletepicture.Thentheyrole-playthefictitiouschildren'ssadreturntoMumafteraweekendwithDad.Butthefictionisjustameansoffacingtheissues.UnobtrusivelytheTivertonchildrenslipintotheirownreal-lifeanecdotes."TheymightthinktheycanlivetogetherbutIbettheycan't,"saysone12-year-oldboywiththestudiedwisdomofa50-year-old."Myparentshavetrieditthreetimes.They'retogetheragainnowbutIwouldn'tgiveitlong."Howevertheresearchonthisissueisroutinelyignoredthatthetroubleseemstobetopersuadeparents,teachers,ministers,themediaandthepublicthatdivorceanditsresultsdoaffectchildren'swelfareandeducation.Peopleweigheddownwiththeguiltofdivorce"baggage",areunlikelytobeabletofacethetruthevenwhenit'sstaringthemintheface.6、ThebleakoutcomesofthechildrenfromdivorcedfamilydemonstratethattheyA、arefewbutwithhighacademicqualifications.B、becomemoreindependent.C、findpartnerandgetmarriedearly.D、aremorelikelytocommitcrimes.標準答案：D知識點解析：離異家庭的孩子慘淡的出路證明了他們[A]人數很少但是學歷很高。[B]變得更加獨立。[C]早早地找到伴侶并結婚。[D]更有可能犯罪。通過題干中的關鍵詞bleakoutcomes和childrenindivorcedfamily，可以在第一段找到解答本題的信息。原文指出：離異家庭的孩子主要表現在以下幾方面：一，他們取得學業(yè)資格證書的人數往往比較少，[A]錯在說他們取得高學歷；二，他們比正常家庭的孩子更有可能早日離開學校和家庭，可見這是一種貶義的說法，而[B]錯在independent是褒義詞；三，他們更有反社會和違法犯罪的危險性，這正是[D]的內容．[C]的內容文章并未提及。7、Thephrase"resortto"(Line8,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansA、abandon.B、repair.C、adopt.D、sort.標準答案：C知識點解析：第一段第八行的短語resortto的意思最有可能是[A]“放棄”。[B]“修理”。[C]“采納，采取”。[D]“分類”。本題可采用代入法，即把四個選項代入原文，看哪個最符合文意。上下文講到離異家庭的孩子容易犯罪，由此可以推出，他們必然是會吸煙、酗酒，甚至染上吸毒。所以[A]abandon(放棄)顯然與文意不符；[B]repair(修理)與吸煙、酗酒、吸毒顯然在語意上并無聯(lián)系．[D]sort(分類)也無聯(lián)系，所以綜合比較，[C]adopt(采納，采取)意思更為貼切。8、Besideshelpingthechildrenwithintheschool,ChangingFam