英語閱讀 Ⅲ專筆記

EnglishReadingIII

英語閱讀III

Homeworkl:Unit3ANIMALS

2021-2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期

一、WordPretestexplorer馮曉霞2020030106

l.Theanimalswereantisepticizedbytheveterinarianbeforetheoperation.

A.personwhoworksonafarm

B.personwhotreatedsickanimals

C.personwhoraiseslivestock

動(dòng)物在手術(shù)前由獸醫(yī)進(jìn)行了消毒。

Answer：B

veterinarian★

英Lvetori'neorion]美[,vetori'nerian]

常見釋義：n.獸醫(yī)

例句

OnworkingIntroducingtheSystemofProfessionalVeterinariansinChina

執(zhí)業(yè)獸醫(yī)制度初步研究

antisepticize★

英[aenti'septisalz]美[<enti'septisalz]

v.防腐，消毒

2

antisepticizebox消毒箱

antisepticizeofsoysauce醬油防腐

2.IntheMiddleAgestheterm"drab"denotedaverysimpletypeofwoolencloth

whichwasusedbypeasantstomaketheircloth.

A.implied

B.noticed

C.meant

Answer:C

在中世紀(jì)，“drab”一詞指的是一種非常簡(jiǎn)單的羊毛布料，農(nóng)民們用它來織布。

denote★

英［di'nout］美［di'nout］

vt.

標(biāo)志;預(yù)示;象征;表示;意指；

例句

Therewasamessagewaiting,denotingthatsomeonehadbeenhereaheadofher.

有了一條留言，這表示有人已先于她到了這兒。

3.Underpinningthisfestivalofcommerceisthesymbioticrelationshipbetweensport

andthemedia.

A.longexisting

B.essentiallysymbolic

C.mutuallydependent

這個(gè)商業(yè)節(jié)日的基礎(chǔ)是體育和媒體之間的共生關(guān)系。

Answer：C

symbiotic★

英［,simbai'Dtik］美［,simbai'a:tik］

adj.

共生的;互惠互利的；

例句

(1).SymbioticPartnership:AnAnalysisoftheRoleofEducationResearchersin

SchoolImprovement

專業(yè)共生的協(xié)作伙伴：教育研究者在學(xué)校改進(jìn)中的角色分析

(2).Itisasymbioticrelationship.

這是一種共生關(guān)系。

4.Eachhumanbeinghasintrinsicdignityandworth.

A.essentialB.muchC.noble

.每個(gè)人都有內(nèi)在的尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值。

Answer:A

3

intrinsic*

英[in'trinzik]美[in'tnnzik]

adj.

固有的;內(nèi)在的;本身的；

例句

Thecharacterisintrinsic.

性格是內(nèi)在的。

5.Havingbegunmylifeinchildren'shome1havegreatempathywiththelittleones.

A.sympathyB.feelingC.love

我在兒童之家開始了我的生活，我對(duì)孩子們有很大的同情心。

Answer：A

empathy★

英「empoQi]美[empoOi]

n.

移情;同情洪鳴;同感；

例句

Differentempathytrainingmethodofchildgendereffectsaredifferent.

不同的移情訓(xùn)練方法對(duì)幼兒性別的影響也是有差異的。

6.Tirednesscanseriouslyimpairyourabilitytodrive.

A.repairB.improveC.weaken

疲勞會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害你的駕駛能力。

Answer:C

impair★

英[Im'peo(r)]美[im'per]

vt.

損害消(l弱;

例句

Muchreadinghasimpairedhisvision.

大量讀書損害了他的視力。

7.Thisskinnycowisnowfatteningoutunderthegoodcareofthestockman.

A.keeperofawarehouse

B.brokerwhobuysandsellsstocks

C.farmerwhoraiseslivestock

這頭瘦骨嶙峋的母牛在飼養(yǎng)員的精心照料下，正在肥壯起來。

Answer:C

fattenout長(zhǎng)肥大，長(zhǎng)胖

4

stockman★

英「stDkmon]美「sta:kmon]

n.

畜牧工;飼養(yǎng)員;牧場(chǎng)主;倉庫管理員；

例句

Thecoltsandcalvesaregambollingroundthestockman.

小馬駒和小牛犢圍著飼養(yǎng)員歡蹦亂跳

8.Serviceindustriesdonotproducetangibleobjects,suchasautomobilesor

refrigerators.

A.realB.concreteC.untouchable

服務(wù)業(yè)不生產(chǎn)汽車或冰箱等有形物品。

Answer:B

tangible★

英「taendjobl]美「taendjabl]

adj.

有形的;實(shí)際的;真實(shí)的;可觸摸的;可觸知的;可感知的；

n.有形資產(chǎn);可觸知的或具體的某事物；

例句

Usetechniquesthatmakesoftwareprogressandqualitytangibletoyourstakeholders.

要使用那些可以把軟件進(jìn)展和有形的質(zhì)量報(bào)告給你的涉眾的技術(shù)。

9.Hehavealectureoncropandanimalhusbandry.

A.management

B.protection

C.farming

Answer:C

他有一個(gè)關(guān)于農(nóng)作物和畜牧業(yè)的講座。

husbandry★

英「hAzbondri]美['hAzbondri]

n.畜牧業(yè);(尤指精心經(jīng)營(yíng)的)農(nóng)牧業(yè);節(jié)儉使用;精打細(xì)算；

例句

Theydependedonanimalhusbandryfortheirlivelihood.

他們以畜牧業(yè)為生。

二、Backgroundinformationexplorer陳思思2020030101

Maincontent

1.animalwelfare(linel3)

5

2.Animalrights(linel3)

3.Welfaredefined(line41)

4.Physicalstate(line44)

5.Mentalstate(line46)

6.Naturalstate(line50)

7.FannAnimalWelfareCouncil(line60)

8.WSPA(WorldSocietyfortheProtectionofAnimals)(linel31)

(1)animalwelfare動(dòng)物福利(linel3)

AnimalwelfarereferstohowananimalADAPTStoitsenvironmentandmeetsits

basicnaturalneeds.Scientificallyprovenanimalwelfarerequirementsaremetifthe

animalishealthy,feelscomfortable,well-fed,safe,abletofreelyexpressitsnature

andisnotthreatenedbypain,fearandstress.Ahighlevelofanimalwelfarerequires

immunizationagainstdiseaseandveterinarytreatment,properhousing,management,

nutrition,humanetreatmentandhumaneslaughter.Animalwelfare,especiallythe

livingconditionofanimals;Thetreatmentofanimalsisdescribedinotherterms,such

asanimalcare,breedingmanagementandhumanedisposal."—WorldOrganization

forAnimalHealth.

(2)Animalrights動(dòng)物權(quán)利(line13)

Animalrights,alsoknownasanimalliberation,isasocialmovementinitiatedby

humanstoprotectanimalsfrombeingtreatedaspossessionsbyhumans.Thepurpose

ofthistrendofthoughtisnotonlytofightfortherightofanimalstobetreatedmore

kindly,butalsotoadvocatethatanimalsshouldenjoythebasicspiritual"human"

rights.

(3)Welfaredefined福利的定義(line41)

Benefitsareindirectcompensationforemployees.Thisusuallytakestheformof

healthinsurance,paidvacation,holidaygiftsandretirementbenefits.Theseawards

aregiventoindividualemployeesorgroupsofemployeesaspartofthebenefitsof

corporatemembership.Benefitsmustbeconsideredaspartoftotalcompensation,and

totalcompensationisoneoftheimportantaspectsofhumanresourcestrategic

decisionmaking.Fromamanagementperspective,benefitscanhelpattractandretain

employees;Improvetheimageoftheenterpriseintheeyesofemployeesandother

enterprises;Improveemployee'sjobsatisfaction.Unlikeanemployee'sincome,

benefitsaregenerallynottaxable.Forthisreason,benefitsareinsomesensemore

valuabletoemployeesthananequivalentcashpayment.Benefitsapplytoall

employees,whilebonusesapplyonlytohighperformers.Therearemanycontentsof

welfare,andeachenteiprisealsoprovidesdifferentformsofwelfareforemployees,

butvariouswelfarecanbeclassifiedintothefollowingcategories:employeewelfare,

supplementarywagewelfare,insurancewelfare,retirementwelfare,employeeservice

welfare,materialwelfare.Thetrendisforwelfaretobecomeabiggerpartofthe

overallcompensationsystem.

(4)Physicalstate身體狀態(tài)(line44)

Thephysicalconditioncanberoughlydividedintofourcategories:physicaland

mentalhealthcondition,sub-health,frontwheeldriveconditionofdisease,disease

condition.

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(5)Mentalstate精神狀態(tài)(line46)

Featuresandmodalityofmovement.Suchascompetitivestate,psychologicalstate,

mentalstate,scientificexplanationofitinvolvesthecycleofpeakphysicalfitness,

endocrinescience,psychologicaladjustmentartandotherknowledge.Nomatterhow

variedpeople'slivesare,thefundamentalreasonforcreatingtheirownliving

conditionsisprobablythehumanspirit.Whatkindofmentalstateyouhaveyouwill

havewhatkindoflife,lifecomesfromthespirit,everythingisthecreationandgiving

ofthespirit.

(6)naturalstate自然狀態(tài)(line50)

nStateofnature"isthetheoreticalfoundationofmodernWesternpoliticsandthe

premiseoflogicaldeductionofmodemWesternpoliticalphilosophy.Thepopularity

ofthestateofnaturetheoryintheearlymodernperiodcanbeattributedtothe

popularityofmathematicalargumentationinmodempolitics.Inthe18thcentury,

EuropeanandAmericanpoliticalthoughtformedtwotributaries,oneis

empiricism-basedliberalisminitiatedbyScottishenlightenmentthinkersDavidHume,

AdamSmithandAdamFerguson,andtheotherisdemocracysteepedinCartesian

rationalism.LockeandRousseauarethemainrepresentativesofboth.Takingthe

naturalstateasthelogicalstartingpoint,Lockeanalyzedthedefectsofthenatural

stateandformedtheliberaltheorythatprivatepropertyisinviolableandindividual

naturalpowerrestrictsstatepower.Similarly,Rousseautookthestateofnatureasthe

logicalstartingpoint,describedthepictureofthestateofnatureandtheprocessofthe

movementtowardscivilizedsociety,andputforwardthedemocraticthoughtof

people'ssovereignty.ThedifferenceofLockeRousseau*spoliticalthoughtcomes

fromtheirdifferentassumptionsofthesamelogicalstartingpoint,thatistosay,there

aregreatdifferencesintheirtheoriesofthestateofnature.

(7)FarmAnimalWelfareCouncil農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物福利委員會(huì)(line60)

ApprovedbytheMinistryofAgricultureandregisteredbytheMinistryofCivil

Affairsin2013,theAnimalWelfareInternationalCooperationCommitteeofChina

AssociationforThePromotionofInternationalCooperationinAgriculture(CGIAC)

isabranchestablishedbyCGIACtopromoteanimalwelfare.

Throughunremittingefforts,wehopetoarousetheattentionofthewholesocietyto

farmanimalwelfare,tocreateaharmoniousenvironmentbetweenpeople,animals

andnaturetothegreatestextent,sothateveryonecaneatmeatanddrinksafemilk,

benefitpeople'shealthandimprovethequalityoflife.

(8)WSPA(WorldSocietyfortheProtectionofAnimals)世界動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)(linel31)

Foundedin1981,itisdedicatedtoanimalprotectionandisheadquarteredinLondon.

Activeinmorethan50countriesaroundtheworld,activelystrengtheningand

promotingtheconceptandpracticeofanimalprotection.Attheinternationallevel,it

hasthegeneralconsultativestatusoftheUnitedNationstoensurethatanimal

protectionisincludedintheglobalissuesthatneedtobeaddressed,toexplaintothe

worldthatanimalprotectionistobenefitmankind,andtopromotetheworldto

protectanimals.

SinceJune2014,WSPA(WorldSocietyfortheProtectionofAnimals)haschangedits

Englishnameto"WorldAnimalProtection".

7

三、Structureexplorer單春穎2020030104

l.Aintroductionaboutanimalwelfare

2.Thedifferencebetweenwelfareandrights

3.Thedifferencebetweenwelfareandconservation

4.Thefivestatesofwelfare.

5.TheUK'sFAWCprovidefivefreedomsaboutanimalwelfare.

6.Theneedsofwelfare.

7.ThesentienceofanimalprovidedbytheUN.

8.Threecomponentsaboutwelfareassessment.

9.Thedifferencebetweenwelfareanddeath.

四、mainideaexplorer劉志龍2020030116

1.Introduction

(l)Human*sunderstandingofanimalsisdevelopingallthetime.

(2)Theresearchcenteredonphysicalstates,greatermentalstatesandthen

multi-facetednature.

2.Differencebetweenanimalwelfareandanimalright.

(l)animalwelfare:preventanimalsuffering.

(2)animalright:animalhaverightslikehuman(livetheirlivefreeofhuman).

3.Differencebetweenanimalwelfareandconversation.

animalwelfare:careaboutindividualanimal.

opinion:(l)animalhaveintrinsicvalue,shouldberespectedprotected.

(2)livetheirlivesfreefromavoidablesuffering.

(3)requiregreateraltruismandempathy.

conversation:careaboutspecies.

opinion:human-centredobjective

4.Welfaredefined

states:physicalstate.

mentalstate.

Naturalness.

5.theUK'sFarmAnimalWelfareCouncil(FAWC),sfivefreedoms(idealstates).

(l)hungerandthirst.

(2)discomfbrt.

(3)pain,injuryanddisease.

(4)expressnormalbehavior.

(5)fearanddistress.

6.Welfare'sneeds,sentienceassessment.

(l)Need:Biologyoftheanimalsfundamentalrequirementisparticular

8

resourceenvironmentandbodilystimulus.

(2)Sentience:TheUN'sstandardofanimal.

awareoftheirownenvironment.

haveemotion.

haveawareness.

couldlearnandfeel.

haverelationship.

(3)Welfareassessment.

Investor：government,corporationandindustrybodies,welfaregroupsandother

agencies.

Function：animalsraredforfood,usedinresearch,keepincaptivityorascompanion

animals.

Components:usethefivefreedomsastheframework.

Assesswelfareinputsandoutputs,

Quantifyproblemsusingseverity,durationandnumberofanimalsaffected.

Input:affectwelfare.

Output:actualimpactofthesefactorsonwelfare.

Inpufsexamples:stockman,environment,animal.

Componentsofwelfare:welfarescience,animalethics,welfarelaw.

Scienceisnottheonlycriteriaforjudgingwelfare,asotherlesstangiblefactorsare

involved.

7.Differencebetweenwelfareanddeath.

Welfare：careaboutthe“quality“ofanimallife.

Death:affectthe"quantity“ofanimallife.

Butthemannerofdeathisrelevanttoananimal'swelfare.

Forexampleslaughterisimportant.

Highdeathratesandpoorhusbandryconditionscanindicatepoorwelfareconditions

五、Sentenceexplorer程宏2020030105

1.(Iine7?9)

Thisisparticularlytrueofethologicalresearchincluding"preferencetesting“where

animals*preferencesaremeasuredandassessed.

這在動(dòng)物行為學(xué)研究中尤其如此，包括“偏好測(cè)試”，即測(cè)量和評(píng)估動(dòng)物的偏好。

2.(Iine21-23)

Animalrightistsarephilosophicallyopposedtotheuseofanimalsbyhumans

(althoughsomeaccept“symbiotic“relationships,suchascompanion

animalownership).

動(dòng)物右翼分子在哲學(xué)上反對(duì)人類使用動(dòng)物(盡管一些人接受“共生”關(guān)系，如伴侶

動(dòng)物所有權(quán))。

3.(Iine34-38)

Animalwelfarerequiresgreateraltruismandempathythanconservation.Carefbr

conservationcanbegeneratedbyhuman-centredobjectives,suchasnotwanting

9

speciestobecomeextinctbecauseofthelossforfuturegenerations(ofhumans).

動(dòng)物福利需要比保護(hù)更大的利他主義和同理心。保護(hù)可以由以人為中心的目標(biāo)產(chǎn)

生，例如不希望物種因(人類)后代的損失而滅絕。

4.(Iine54-57)

However,thesethreestates,whicharegiveninthedefinitiongivenbyWSPAin

its"ConceptsofAnimalWelfare,9veterinarytrainingresource,providethemost

comprehensivetodate.

然而，WSPA在其獸醫(yī)培訓(xùn)資源的"動(dòng)物福利概念”中對(duì)這三個(gè)國(guó)家的定義是迄

今為止最全面的。

5.(line74-78)

Theyareidealstates,anditisrecognizedthatsomefreedomsmayconflictina

situationwhereanimalsarecaredfbrbymane.g.theconflictbetweentreatment(such

asveterinarytreatment)tocureillness/diseaseandfreedomfromfearanddistress

(thatmaybecausedbythehandlingandprocedure).

他們是理想狀態(tài),認(rèn)識(shí)到一些自由可能沖突的情況被男人照顧動(dòng)物，如治療之間

的沖突(比如獸醫(yī)治療)治療疾病和免于恐懼和痛苦(這可能是由于處理和過程)。

6.(Iinel39-142)

Itis,therefore,importantthatthe'aprecautionaryprinciple,9isapplied,andwherethere

areanycasesofdoubt,thentheactiontakenshouldfavourtheanimals(ustincasethe

alternativecoursewouldimpairwelfare).

因此，應(yīng)用“預(yù)防原則”是很重要的，在有任何懷疑的情況下，所采取的行動(dòng)應(yīng)該

有利于動(dòng)物(除非另一種做法會(huì)損害福利)。

六、Readingskill杜雪娟2020030105

Skimthetextandanswerthequestionsbelow.

2.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat()

Aanimalwelfareshouldhaveourattention

Banimalwelfarehasacomplexandmulti-facetednature

Canimalwelfareneedsnewdefinitions

answer:B

line10-11

whereasthelatestdefinitionshavereflectedthecomplexmulti-facetednatureof

animalwelfare.

然而，最新的定義反映了動(dòng)物保護(hù)的復(fù)雜以及多面性。

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

ABothanimalwelfaristsandanimalrightistsareagainsttheuseofanimals

BAnimalwelfaristsarenotagainsttheuseofanimals.

CAnimalrightistsarenotagainsttheuseofanimals.

io

answer:B

line16

Animalwelfare:whilstnotcategoricallyopposedtotheuseofanimals

但并不是絕對(duì)反對(duì)使用動(dòng)物

4.Conservationcaresabout()

Athewholespecies

Btheindividualanimal

Cthehumanobjectives

answerA

line26

conservationcaresaboutspecies(andextinction)

保護(hù)關(guān)注物種(和滅絕)

5.Thedimensiontoanimalwelfarethathasbeenrecentlyrecognizedis()

Aphysicalstate

Bmentalstate

Cnaturalness

answer:C

line52

Naturalness:Thisthirddimensionhasbeenrecentlyrecognized

這第三個(gè)方面最近得到了承認(rèn)

6.Therearenow()internationallyrecognizedanimalfreedoms.

Athree

Bfive

Csix

answer:B

line61

Theyarenowinternationallyrecognized,

line63-72

Freedomfromhungerandthirst-readyaccesstowaterandadiettomaintainhealth

andvigor

Freedomfromdiscomfort-byprovidinganappropriate

environmentincludingshelterandacomfortablerestingarea.

Freedomfrompain,injuryanddisease-bypreventionorrapiddiagnosisand

treatment

Freedomtoexpressnormalbehavior-byprovidingsufficientspace,properfacilities

andcompanyoftheanimafsownkind.

Freedomfromfearanddistress—byensuringconditionsandtreatmentwhichavoid

mentalsuffering

7.Inthediscussionsonanimalwelfare,"needs1*are()

Aprovidedbyhumanbeingsforanimals

11

Bfundamentalinobtainingprovisions

Cimportanttoanimalsondifferentlevels

answerC

line88

Differentneedshavedifferentlevelsofimportancetoanimals.

不同的需求對(duì)動(dòng)物有不同的重要性

8.Sentienceimpliesthatanimals()

Ahavetheabilitytorespondsensiblytowhatishappeningtothem

Bhavetheabilitytounderstandtheirownsun*oundings

Chavetheawarenessofbodilysensations

answerC

line100

Areawareofbodilysensations

9.Assessmentofanimalwelfare()

Areliesonsciencealone

Bappliesthe"precautionaryprinciple"

Cinvolvesmoreintangiblefactorsthanscience

answerC

linel37-140

AHowever,theimportantpointhereisthatscienceisnottheonlycriteriaforjudging

welfare

BItis,therefore,importantthatthe"precautionaryprinciple"isapplied

Casotherlesstangiblefactorsarealsoinvolved.

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

AAnimaldeathisnotanethicalconcernforhumans.

BThemethodofslaughterisnotrelevanttoanimalwelfare.

CHighdeathratesindicatepoorwelfareconditions.

answer:C

七、Glossaryexplorer馮曉霞2020030106

1.raccoon★

英gku：n］美［rae'ku：n］

n.浣熊;北美浣熊;浣熊的毛皮；

例句

Shedrewwhitespotsontheraccoontoshowdew.

她在浣熊身上畫上白點(diǎn)來表現(xiàn)露水

2.kangaroo★

英［,k到gdru：］美［,kaerjgo'ru：］

n.袋鼠(產(chǎn)于澳大利亞)；

例句

12

ThekangarooisindigenoustoAustralia.

袋鼠原產(chǎn)于澳大利亞。

3.skunk★

英[skAr）k]美[skAr）k]

n.北美臭鼬；

vt.〈俚,使慘敗;使得零分;爛醉如泥；

例句

Theskunkgivesoffanunpleasantsmellwhenattacked.

受到攻擊時(shí)臭鼬會(huì)發(fā)出一種難聞的氣味

4.hippopotamus★

英Lhip。'pDtamos]美[,hipo'pa：tomos]

例句

Thebabyhippopotamushasnotyetbeengivenaname.

小河馬還沒名字呢。

5.giraffe★

英口3。'ra：f]美[djdraef]

例句

Giraffeshaveverylongnecks.

長(zhǎng)頸鹿脖子很長(zhǎng)。'

6.ostrich★

英['Dstritj]美['a:stntj]

n.鴕鳥;逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的人;不愿正視現(xiàn)實(shí)者；

例句

Thedancerworeaheaddressofpinkostrichplumes.

那位舞蹈演員戴著粉色鴕鳥毛制作的頭飾

7.seal★★★

英[si：1]美[si：1]

vt.密封（容器）;封上（信封）;封蓋…的表面；

n.印章;圖章;璽;EFJ記;表示確認(rèn)的事物;保證;信物;密封墊（或帶等）;

例句

Thefloorissealedtopreventwaterpenetration.

地板加了密封涂料防止?jié)B水。

詞組

sealin

保留；保存；將…封住

sealoff

封閉；封鎖

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sealup

封閉；密封

8.leopard★

英「lepod]美['lepord]

n.豹子;豹；

例句

Leopardscanmovewithanastonishingvelocity.

豹子跑起來速度驚人。

9.beaver★

英「bi:vs（r）]美['bi:vsr]

n.海貍;河貍（水棲嚙齒動(dòng)物，加拿大的象征）;海貍毛皮（用以制作衣帽）;女子陰部；

v.埋頭苦干；

例句

Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydrove

awaythepark'sbeavers.

郊狼殺死了公園里大部分的紅狐貍，把公園里的海貍都趕走了。

詞組

beaveraway

賣力干；勤奮工作

10.vulture★

英['VAItJs（r）]美「vAltJar]

n.兀鷲;禿鷲;乘人之危的人;趁火打劫的人；

例句

Vultureshadpeckedoutthedeadgoafseyes.

禿鷲啄出了死羊的眼睛。

11.zebra★

英「zebrol美「zi:bro]

例句

Thelionwasstalkingazebra.

獅子偷偷接近斑馬。

12.hyena★

英[hai'i：no]美[hai'i:no]

n.鬣狗（分布于非洲和亞洲，以動(dòng)物尸體為食）；

例句

It'sthehyenaswhoaretherealenemy.

那些土狼才是我們真正的敵人呢。

13.shark★

14

英ua:k]美[fa:rk]

n.鯊魚;坑蒙拐騙的人;詐騙者；

vi.騙取;榨取;用不正當(dāng)手段攫取;勒索詐騙；

例句

Thesharkdescribedacirclearoundtheshoaloffish.

這條鯊魚圍繞著魚群游動(dòng)。

14.hedgehog★

英「hedjhDg]美['hedjho:g]

例句

Thehedgehogrolledupintoaball.

刺猬團(tuán)成了一個(gè)球。

15.reindeer★

英「reindlo(r)]美]reindlr]

例句

Bytheway,mayIaskhowmanyreindeeryouhave?

對(duì)了，您一共有多少只馴鹿呢？

16.antelope★

英「aentihup]美[aentiloup]

n.羚羊;羚;羚類動(dòng)物；

例句

Hardyantelopewanderinfromthedesert.

適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)的羚羊從沙漠游蕩到了這里。

17.eagle★

英「i：91]美['i：91]

n.鷹;雕;鷹擊(比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿少打兩桿)；

v.[高]低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿數(shù)兩桿；

例句

Inthestorythegodassumestheformofaneagle.

在這個(gè)故事中神以鷹的形象出現(xiàn)。

18.cicada★

英[si'ka:do]美[si'kei的

n.蟬;知了；

例句

Thedeepsilenceallaroundwasbrokennowandthenbythetrillsofcicadas.

四周已然岑寂，惟有幾處蟬聲，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地送來?！?/p>

19.squirrel★

英「skwirol]美「skw3：ml]

FL松鼠；

15

V.把…作為因素計(jì)入;代理經(jīng)營(yíng);把…分解成；

例句

Thesquirreldisappearedintoahollowatthebaseofthetree.

松鼠鉆進(jìn)了樹根處的一個(gè)洞。

20.parrot★

英［'paerat］美「paerat］

n.鸚鵡；

vt.鸚鵡學(xué)舌地說…；

例句

Aflightofgreenparrotsshotoutofthecedarforest.

一群綠鸚鵡從杉木林里疾速飛出。

八、VocabularyBuildingexplorer陳怡竹2020030102

1.A11theories_frompracticeandinturnservepractice.

一切理論都來源于實(shí)踐，反過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù).

Answerrorignate(originally)★★★★

originate英［a'rid3Ineit］美。'rid3Ineit］

v.起源，產(chǎn)生；創(chuàng)始，開創(chuàng)

vi.發(fā)源；發(fā)生；起航

originatefrom發(fā)源于

originatein起源于(發(fā)生于)

詞根：originate

originn.起源

originaladj.起源的;獨(dú)創(chuàng)的

originallyadv.起初,原來；獨(dú)創(chuàng)地，新穎地

2.The_ofmydreamisapparentlyasfaroffasever.

顯然，我夢(mèng)想的實(shí)現(xiàn)仍然遙不可及。

Answer:fulfillment(fulfill)★★★★

fuHlH英［出1'fl1］美［fulfil］

vt.履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束

fulfilloneself完全實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的抱負(fù)

詞根：fulfill

fulfillment履行，實(shí)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，成就

3.Allthisgraciouslivingisn'tforme;I_thesimplelife.

這種奢侈的生活不適合我，我更喜歡簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。

Answer:prefer(preference)★★★★

prefer英［pri'f3：(r)］美［pri'f3：r］

v.更喜愛，寧可；〈法律〉舉報(bào)，提出(控告)；提拔(某人)，提升

vi.喜歡；愿意

wouldprefer寧愿；更喜歡

prefertodo寧可做某事；更喜歡做某事

preferdoing喜歡做某事

詞根：prefer

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preferredadj.優(yōu)先的；首選的

preferableadj.更好的，更可取的；更合意的

preferablyadv.較好；寧可，寧愿；更適宜

prefermentn.晉升；優(yōu)先權(quán)；酶原

preferredv.偏愛

4.Itis_totreatanimalscruelly.

殘忍地對(duì)待動(dòng)物是不人道的。

Answer:inhumane（humane）★★★★

humane英［hju：meln］美［hju：'meln］

adj,人道的，仁慈的；（學(xué)科分支）人文的，高尚的

humanesociety人道協(xié)會(huì)；保護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)

詞根：human★★★★

humanadj.人的，人類的；（尤指缺點(diǎn)或弱點(diǎn)）顯示人的本性的；有人情味的

n.人，人類

inhumaneadj.殘忍的；無人情味的

5.Thesmall_boiledoverintoaseriousquarrel.

這場(chǎng)小小的爭(zhēng)論演變成了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的爭(zhēng)吵。

Answer:argument（arguably）

argue英［'a：qju：］美「a：rgju：］★★★★

vi.爭(zhēng)論，辯論；提出理由

vt.辯論，爭(zhēng)論；證明；說服

n.（Argue）人名；（英、法）阿格

arguewith爭(zhēng)論；和...爭(zhēng)吵

argueabout爭(zhēng)論；議論某事

arguefor贊成；支持；論證

argueover辯論某事，為...爭(zhēng)論

argueagainst反對(duì)；據(jù)理反對(duì)；爭(zhēng)辯

argueon辯論（爭(zhēng)論）某事

詞根：argue

adj.argumentative好辯的;辯論的;爭(zhēng)辯的

arguable可論證的;可議的;可疑的

adv.arguably可論證地;可爭(zhēng)辯地;正如可提出證據(jù)加以證明的那樣地

argumentatively激辯地

n.argument論證;論據(jù);爭(zhēng)吵;內(nèi)容提要

arguing爭(zhēng)吵

argumentation論證;爭(zhēng)論;辯論

arguer爭(zhēng)辯者;辯論者

v.arguing爭(zhēng)吵（argue的ing形式）;爭(zhēng)辯

6.1tookawrongturnandwegot_inthemountains.

我轉(zhuǎn)錯(cuò)了彎，我們?cè)谏嚼锩粤寺贰?/p>

Answer:lost（loss）

loss英［IDS］美［10：$］★★★★

n.失去，喪失；虧損；死亡，去世；失落，傷感；（因某人的離去或某物的挪移

而造成的）損失；（比賽等的）失敗，失利；戰(zhàn)斗中死亡（受傷或被俘）的士兵;

17

（因某人的離去或某物的挪移而造成的）損失；（進(jìn)攻推進(jìn)不成卻被逼）后退的

距離

weightloss失重；重量減輕

ataloss虧本地；困惑不解

waterloss失水量；水耗

energyloss能量損耗，能量損失

heatloss熱損失，熱損耗

lossoflife被處死

詞根：lose

losev.遺失,丟失

lostadj.迷路的，迷失的；失去的，丟失的；不復(fù)存在的，不再擁有的；不知所

措，一籌莫展；糊涂的，困惑的；全神貫注的；（時(shí)間或機(jī)會(huì)）浪費(fèi)的，錯(cuò)過的；

輸了的

v.遺失，丟失；失去；輸?shù)簦ū荣?、?zhàn)斗、爭(zhēng)論等）（lose的過去式和過去分

詞形式）

7.Dinosaurshavebeen_formillionsofyears.

恐龍已經(jīng)絕種幾百萬年了。

Answer:extinct（extinction）

extinct英［Ik'stigkt］美［Ik'sti#］★★★★

adj.滅絕的；消亡的；（火山）死的；（貴族稱號(hào)）無合法繼承人的；熄滅了的

vt.使熄滅

becomeextinct滅絕；絕種

詞根：extinct

extinction。滅絕;消失；消滅；廢止

8.Adoctor'staskistoworkforthereliefofpatients'—.

醫(yī)生的任務(wù)是為減輕病人的痛苦而工作。

Answer:suffering（suffer）

suffer英「SAfg（r）］美「SAfgr］★★★★

vt.遭受，經(jīng)歷；忍受；允許

Vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受痛苦，受損害；變得糟糕；遭受；受處決

sufferfrom忍受，遭受；患…病；受...之苦

sufferfor因...而遭受

sufferloss遭受損失

sufferthrough挨過；熬過

sufferdefeat遭受失敗

sufferhunger挨餓

詞根：suffer

sufferingn.痛苦，苦難，折磨

adj.受苦的；患病的

v.受苦；蒙受（suffer的現(xiàn)在分詞）

二.1.humane,human

A.We'reallmortals,withour_faultsandweakness.

B.Isit_tokillanimalsforfood?

A.我們都是凡人，都有人性的缺點(diǎn)和弱點(diǎn)。

18

B.宰殺動(dòng)物以獲取食物人道嗎？

Answer:A.humanB.humane

（l）human英['hju：man]美['hju：mon]★★★★

adj.人的，人類的；（尤指缺點(diǎn)或弱點(diǎn)）顯示人的本性的；有人情味的

n.人，人類

Wemustallowforhumanerror.

我們必須考慮到人為的失誤。

（2）humane英[hju：'mein]美fhju：'mein]★★★

adj.人道的，仁慈的；（學(xué)科分支）人文的，高尚的

Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,DorotheaDixbegantocampaignforhumanetreatment

ofthementallyill.

在19世紀(jì)中葉，多羅西婭?迪克斯發(fā)起了為精神病患者爭(zhēng)取人道待遇的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

2.source,resource

A.There'sagreatshortageof_materialsinmanyschools.

B.Anovercrowdedworkplacecanbeamajor_ofstress.

C.Immeasurablequalityofnatural_waslostforeverthroughmisuse.

A.許多學(xué)校的教材都很短缺。

B.過度擁擠的工作場(chǎng)所可能是壓力的主要來源

C.不可估量的自然資源因?yàn)E用而永遠(yuǎn)喪失了

Answer:A.resourceB.sourceC.resource

（l）resource英[ri'so:s;n'zo:s]['ri:so:rs;n'so:[§]★★★★

n.資源，財(cái)力；辦法；智謀

vi.向…提供資金

Acountry'sprincipalresourceisitsbrainpower.

一個(gè)國(guó)家最重要的資源是其人才庫。

（2）source英[so:s]美[so:「$]★★★★

n.來源，出處；（問題的）原因，根源；消息人士，信息來源；河流源頭，發(fā)源

地；（電子）源極，電源；源（代）碼

v.（從某地）獲得；找出……的來源

Whatistheirmainsourceofincome?

他們的主要收入來源是什么？

3.access,assess

A.They_hishouseat1500000dollars.

B.Supervisorshavemanyopportunitiesto_theabilityofcandidates.

C.Theonly_tothetownisacrossthebridge.

A.他們?cè)u(píng)估他的房子價(jià)值15萬美元。

B.監(jiān)督者有很多機(jī)會(huì)來評(píng)估候選人的能力。

C.通往城鎮(zhèn)的唯一通道是過橋。

AnswerA.assessB.assessC.access

（l）access英['aekses]美「aekses]★★★★

n.通道；進(jìn)入；機(jī)會(huì)；使用權(quán)；探望權(quán)；（對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器的）訪問；（情感）爆

發(fā)；入口

v.接近，使用；訪問，存?。娔X文檔）

adj.（電視節(jié)目或時(shí)間等）對(duì)外公開的

19

Doesthehotelhavewheelchairaccess?

這家旅館有輪椅通道嗎？

(2)asses英［s'ses］美［o'ses］★★★★

vt.評(píng)定；估價(jià)；對(duì)…征稅

It'sdifficulttoassesstheeffectsofthesechanges.

這些變化帶來的效果難以評(píng)估。

MembersinGroup1：

目錄

一、SectionBglossy陳思思2020030101sectionC陳怡竹

2020030102sectionc..............................................................21

二、Mainidea程宏2020030103sectionB單春穎

20200304sectionC...................................................................22

三、structure杜雪娟2020030105sectionB馮曉霞

2020030106sectionC............................................................23

20

一、SectionBglossy

1.grandeur英［brasnd33(r)］美[bMndser]***

n.莊嚴(yán)；偉大;宏偉；壯觀

2.immortality英[imo'taeloti]美[imoi-'taeloti]^T*riAr^

n.不朽；永生

3.double-headed英['dAblh'edd]美['dAblh'ed[1]★★★

adj.雙頭的

4.emblem英['embhm]美['emblom]★★★

n.徽章

5.devour英［divaos(r)］美[divaoar]★★★

v.吞食；毀滅；貪婪地閱讀

6.triumph英［'tranmf］美['trahmf]★★★★

n.凱旋；成就；勝利；歡欣

vi.戰(zhàn)勝;慶祝勝利

21

7.motil英［ms'ti］美

adj.自動(dòng)的，能動(dòng)的

8.fulfillment英［fbl'flmant］美［fol'fimant］★★★★

n.滿足；完成；履行

9.two-and-a-half英［'tu：'aend'eh'a：f］美f'tu：'2end'eh'a：f］★★★★

num.兩個(gè)半

lO.geese英［gi：s］美［gi：s］★★★

n.鵝

11.perceptive英［pa'septv］美［per'septN］★★★★

adj.敏感的；有洞察力的；感知的

12.philosopher英［fa'losofo(r)］美［fa'la：sofor］★★★

n.哲學(xué)家；思想家；達(dá)觀者

Sectioncglossy

13.forage英［'fords］美「必丫日3］★★★

n.糧草；飼料；搜尋糧草

v.喂；掠奪

14.cactus英［'kaektos］美［'kaektss］★★★

n.仙人掌

15.spine英［span］美［span］★★★

n.脊柱；脊椎；書脊；尖刺

16.squawk英［skwok］美［skwok］★★★

n.叫聲；嘈雜的抱怨

V.呱呱地叫鳴；喋喋不休地發(fā)牢騷

17.flock英［fink］美［fla：k］★★★

n.