專題17 代詞 (解析版)

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法填空專題應(yīng)對(duì)策略專題17代詞目錄一知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、其他代詞和it的用法二考點(diǎn)考法1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞4.不定代詞5.其他代詞6.it的用法三真題回顧展現(xiàn)命題趨勢(shì)，明確考試目標(biāo)四真題訓(xùn)練近幾年高考代詞專題訓(xùn)練五考情分析自2014年以來(lái)的全國(guó)卷中，代詞在語(yǔ)法填空共考了13題，屬于?？伎键c(diǎn)。六模擬操練再次鞏固所掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)體系并能靈活應(yīng)用知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)代詞1.人稱代詞1)主格（作主語(yǔ)）：Iamhiscousin.我是他的堂/表兄弟。2)賓格a.作賓語(yǔ)：Thosepeopledon’ttrustme.那些人不信任我。b.作表語(yǔ)：“Who’sknockingatthedoor?”“It’sme.”“誰(shuí)在敲門？”“是我?！?.物主代詞1)形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)：Myfatherisapoet.我父親是詩(shī)人。2)名詞性物主代詞a.作主語(yǔ)：ThiscarisTom’s.Mineisoverthere.這車是湯姆的，我的在那邊。b.作賓語(yǔ)：He’safriendofmine.他是我的一個(gè)朋友。c.作表語(yǔ)：Ithoughtthatbookwasmine.我原以為那本書(shū)是我的。3.反身代詞1)作賓語(yǔ)(反指)a.動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)：Hedevotedhimselftowriting.他致力于寫作。b.介詞賓語(yǔ)：Shemustbeproudofherself.她一定為自己感到自豪。2)作同位語(yǔ)(強(qiáng)調(diào))a.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)：Imyselfwillpresenttheprizes.我將親自去頒獎(jiǎng)。b.賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)：Isawtheladyherself.我見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)女士本人。3)習(xí)語(yǔ)byoneself獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立地：Shelivesbyherself.她獨(dú)居。4.不定代詞1)“兩者”或“多者”both,all(都)；either，any(任一)；neither,none(都不)2)“另一”“別的”a.泛指：another(只接單數(shù)名詞)，othersb.特指：theother(兩者中的另一個(gè))，theothers(其余的人或物)c.搭配：one...theother...(兩者中)一個(gè)...另一個(gè)...some...theothers...(多者中)一些...其余的...some...some...others...一些...一些...另一些...3)一些somea.肯定句Shekeptsomemoneyinherdeskdrawer.b.疑問(wèn)句1.望得到肯定回答：Canyougivemesomeadvice?2.邀請(qǐng):Wouldyoulikesomecakeorbiscuit?3.建議：Howabouthavingsomecoffee?4.反問(wèn)：Aren’ttheresomestampsinthatdrawer?4)一些any1.疑問(wèn)句：Isthereanyadvantageingettingthereearly?2.否定句：IsuddenlyrealizedI’dcomeoutwithoutanymoney.3.條件句：Givemesomeifthereareany.4.if/whether從句：Iwonderwhetherthereisanydifficulty.5.任何，任一（可用于肯定句）：Hecanrepairanycars.5)“多”或“少”1.修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞：few,afew,many2.修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞：little,alittle;much6)替代詞it,that,those,theone7)復(fù)合不定代詞由some-,any-,every-,no-與-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成5.其他代詞1)指示代詞：this,that,these,those,such,so→Suchisthesituationwearefacing.2)疑問(wèn)代詞：what,which,who,whom,whose→Whoinventedthesteamengine?3)相互代詞：eachother,oneanother→learnfromeachother;helponeanother4)連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what(詳見(jiàn)名詞性從句)5)關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that(詳見(jiàn)定語(yǔ)從句)6.it的用法1)形式主語(yǔ)：It’snouseshouting.2)形式賓語(yǔ)：Ifindithardtoconcentrate.3)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：ItisMrLiwhooftenencouragesme.4)時(shí)間：It’sthreeyearssinceIlastsawher.5)距離：It’s10milesfromheretomyoffice.6)環(huán)境：It’squietintheclassroom.7)天氣：Itisraining.在下雨。8)剛提到的事物（它）：“Where’syourcar?”“It’sinthegarage.”9)嬰兒或動(dòng)物：“Whatabeautifulbaby!”“Isitaboy?”10)確認(rèn)身份：“Whoisitthathascome?”“It’sTom.”11)代前面整句：You’vesavedmylife;I’llneverforgetit.考點(diǎn)考法代詞1.人稱代詞1)主格Itwas___________(our)thatmethimattheschoolgate.(答案為we)2)賓格Thanksforinviting___________(we)toyourfoodfestival.（答案為us）2.物主代詞1)形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)：Ihave__________(me)ownroom.(答案為my)2)名詞性物主代詞Katewentonholidaywithacousinof_________(she).(答案為hers)3.反身代詞1)作賓語(yǔ)(反指)ShethoughtIhadhurt_______(I)(答案為myself)2)作同位語(yǔ)(強(qiáng)調(diào))He_______(him)wenttothebank.(答案為himself)3)習(xí)語(yǔ)Theycandoitby_____________(they).(答案為themselves)4.不定代詞Iwillstayherefor___________threeweeks.(答案為another)InCanada,thetippingsituationisverysimilarto_______oftheUS.

(答案為that)5.其他代詞6.it的用法1)形式主語(yǔ)：_________isnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(答案為It)2)形式賓語(yǔ)：hemakes_________aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast(答案為it)3)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：ItwasI_________toldhimaboutit.（答案為that/who）4)時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境、天氣_________ishalfanhour'swalktothecitycentre.（答案為It）真題回顧語(yǔ)法填空:在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem61(tobelifted)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____62____(they)contents.【解析】此處用形容詞性物主代詞their作定語(yǔ)修飾contents，故填their。2.(2022年全國(guó)乙卷)TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening_____(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.【解析】修飾名詞exhibition，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。3.(2021年全國(guó)乙卷)Ecotourismhas_______(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.【解析】修飾名詞origin，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。4.(2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin_______(I).【解析】本句中does指代上文的stick，句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，與前文的thevisitor’smemory相對(duì)應(yīng)，用mine，相當(dāng)于mymemory，故填mine。5.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive__________atry.【解析】作間接賓語(yǔ)，代替前文的running，用it。當(dāng)然直接填running也可以，故填it/running。6.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind_______(they)alive.【解析】作動(dòng)詞find的賓語(yǔ)要用賓格，故填them。7.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing____everyday.【解析】作using的賓語(yǔ)，用賓格人稱代詞；指代前文中的therailway，用it，故填it。8.(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether_____(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【解析】在名詞plans前作定語(yǔ)，用形容詞性物主代詞its，指“中國(guó)的”計(jì)劃，故填its。9.(2014全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s___________(I).”【解析】句中It可能是替代mysuitcase，意為“那是我的箱子”，故填mine；也可能是代替anyone,意為“丟東西的人是我”，故填me。10.(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Readersareencouragedtocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof_______(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.【解析】在名詞FurtherResourcessection前作定語(yǔ)，用形容詞性物主代詞，故填our。11.(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine_____________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.【解析】反指主語(yǔ)visitors，故填反身代詞themselves。imaginesbdoingsth意為“想象某人做某事”，故填themselves?？记榉治隹记椋鹤?014年以來(lái)的全國(guó)卷中，代詞在語(yǔ)法填空共考了13題，屬于?？伎键c(diǎn)。在上述語(yǔ)法填空中，8題給了提示詞：3題是給出it，要求考生填入its；2題是給出they，要求考生填them或themselves；2題是給出I，要求考生填mine/me；1題是給出we，要求考生填our；2題是純空格題，要求考生填it。1.在語(yǔ)法填空的純空格中，如果空格處是句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，一定是填代詞。因?yàn)樽髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的典型詞類就是名詞和代詞，而在純空格中是不要求考生根據(jù)上下文推斷來(lái)填名詞的，所以只能是填代詞；然后根據(jù)句意弄清指代對(duì)象，指代對(duì)象在上下文（主要是上文）中找，找到后填入空格看句意是否通順；最后根據(jù)指代內(nèi)容是人還是物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)等，填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)拇~。2.如果語(yǔ)法填空中給出了代詞的基本形式，要根據(jù)要填的詞在句中的作用來(lái)判斷填哪種形式。作定語(yǔ)用形容詞性物主代詞，作主語(yǔ)用人稱代詞主格，作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)用賓格；同時(shí)注意，名詞性物主代詞也可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，但意思不同，它相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。此外，還需要注意偶爾會(huì)考查反身代詞。模擬操練語(yǔ)法填空:在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.TheBritishMuseumwasfirstopenedon15January,1759.Intheearlydaysofthemuseum,about5,000peoplevisited______everyyear.【解析】缺賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填代詞；指代前文的TheBritishMuseum作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞it，故填it。2.AthemeparkinFrance…h(huán)astrainedsixrooks(白嘴鴉)topickuprubbish…Thebirdspickupthelitterandputitinatrashcan.Thisgivesthecrowsfoodasareward.Themorelitterthebirdsputinthetrash,themorefood______get.【解析】句意：鳥(niǎo)兒撿的垃圾越多，它們得到的食物就越多。此處指代thebirds并在句中作主語(yǔ)，故填they。3.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)WhiletheQinlingMountainshavelongbeenknownasthenorthernedgeofgiantpandahabitat,_____wasonlyin2005thattheQinlingpandawasrecognizedasadistinctsubspeciesofgiantpanda.【解析】此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型“Itbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+剩余部分”，故填it。4.(2023屆山東泰安期中考試)“Shereliesonusandherteachersverymuch.Iwanthertolearnhowtodothingsby________(her)andbecomemoreindependent,”shesaid.【解析】因byoneself為固定搭配，意為“獨(dú)自地”，故填herself。5.Xiafinallymade_____inhisfifthattemptonMay14,2018…【解析】因makeit意為“獲得成功”，故填it。6.____wasalsoduringthisagethatsimilargameswerebeingplayedinKoreaandJapan,andgraduallyworldwide.【解析】與was…that…構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)duringthisage，故填I(lǐng)t。7.Seippelhasbeenplayingmusicsincehewasjust12yearsold.Butitwasnotuntilhewas24andlivinginChina_____helearnedtoplaythepipa.【解析】因itwasnotuntil…that….是not…until…(直到……才……)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，故填that。8.What’smore,withafastercheck-in,thehigh-speedtrainsarealsolessaffectedbyweatherthanplanes.Seldomare_____delayedorcancelledforweathercondition.【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺主語(yǔ)，由前文內(nèi)容可知，此處指代高鐵，故用代詞they。9.(2023屆廣東普寧階段檢測(cè))…buttheyhadalsolearntthat_____waspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.【解析】此處為Itisadj.forsbtodosth固定句型，意為“做某事對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……”，其中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是todosth。10.[2023·唐山市一模]Itwilltakesometimetopopularizethenewtraveltrendandthepricesmustremaincompetitivetoensurethatregulartouristscanafford________．【解析】句意：要普及這種新的旅游趨勢(shì)還需要一段時(shí)間，而且價(jià)格必須保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，以確保普通游客能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起。分析句意可知，這里指代的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞prices且動(dòng)詞afford后接賓語(yǔ)，所以用人稱代詞的賓格形式，故填them。11.SheoftentellsmethatIcanbeanyoneIwant,aslongasI’mconfidentof________(I).【解析】從句中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都是“我”，故用反身代詞，表示“我對(duì)自己充滿信心”，故填myself。12.[2023·廣州市綜合測(cè)試二]Insuchfestivals,peoplecreateprojectsandpresent________tojudges.Therearetworules:theprojectmustbemadeoffood,anditmustbebasedonabook.【解析】根據(jù)句意“在這些節(jié)日中，人們創(chuàng)作出項(xiàng)目并向評(píng)委展示他們”，此處present為及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填them，指代前面的projects。13.(2023屆浙江湖州聯(lián)考)RecentlythecityofHonolulu,Hawaii,declaredit’stimetotakeactionandmake______illegaltocrosstheroadwhileusingasmartphone.【解析】因make/find/considerit+adj.+(forsb)todosth為固定句型，意為“使得/發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為(某人)做某事很……”，其中it是形式賓語(yǔ)，(forsb)todosth是真正的賓語(yǔ)。14.Foronething,differentregionsarefamousforgrowingdifferenttypesoftea…For___________,peopleindifferentregionstendtopreferdrinkingdifferentteas.【解析】因foronething…foranother…為固定搭配，意為“一方面……另一方面……”，故填another。15.[2023·山東省泰安市三模]WhilemanycalledthisregiontheSouthernOcean,somescientistscalled________theAntarcticOcean,otherssaidAustralOcean.【解析】句意：雖然很多人稱這個(gè)地區(qū)為南大洋，但一些科學(xué)家稱其為南冰洋，另一些科學(xué)家稱其為南極海。空處指代上文的“thisregion”作賓語(yǔ)，需用代詞it，故填it。16.Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting___________(we)inotherpeople’sshoes.【解析】反指從句的主語(yǔ)we，故用反身代詞ourselves。17.Idislike_____whentheairisbadbecausebadairmakesitdifficultformetobreathe…【解析】因Idislikeitwhen…(我不喜歡……的時(shí)候)是固定句式，故填it。18.[2023·蘇州八校三模]AftergraduationhebegantotakepartinthePLAAirForce'sselectionofastronautcandidatesandwasfinallyselectedwith________13maleaviators(飛行員)．【解析】句意：畢業(yè)后，他開(kāi)始參加中國(guó)人民解放軍空軍的航天員選拔工作，最終與另外13名男性航天員一起入選。根據(jù)句意和后文“13maleaviators”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞another修飾名詞，表示“另外13名男性航天員”，故填another。19.(2023屆重慶第四次質(zhì)檢)Recently,ithasbeendiscoveredbydoctorsthattheamountoffatinbuttercoffeeisatleastfivetimeshigherthan______inmostrecommendeddailyfood.【解析】用于指代前面的同類單數(shù)名詞theamountoffat，故填that。20.Sowhatis6Gsupposedtobring,especiallyforordinarypeople?Foronething,____willmakemobileInternetworkataspeedof1TBpersecond…【解析】缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填代詞；代指上文中的“6G”作主語(yǔ)，故填it。21.(2023屆重慶11月調(diào)研)Thesocialnetworkingwebsiteisatoolthatallows_____(we)tostaymoredeeplyconnectedwithalargerandmorediversesetoffriends.【解析】作allows的賓語(yǔ)要用we的賓格形式us，故填us。22.____tookartistGuoFengtwomonthstocompletetheblack-and-whitepaintingnamedYongshenginChinese…【解析】因Ittakessomebodysometimetodosth(某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事)是固定句型，其中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是todosth，故填I(lǐng)t。23.(2023屆江蘇鎮(zhèn)江期中調(diào)研)Thisyear’seventwillbemorediversethan______oflastyearanditisscheduledtolastuntiltheendoftheyear,accordingtotheorganizer.【解析】用于指代前面的同類單數(shù)名詞event，故填that。24.(2023屆河南洛平許濟(jì)一檢)In2001,anothergroupoffishermenfromSouthCarolinatoldastoryofhowdolphinsprotectedhumansfromdanger.Theirboatsank50kilometersfromtheshoreandtheyfound________________(they)surroundedbysomedangeroustigersharks.【解析】主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作對(duì)象就是主語(yǔ)自身，故用其反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填themselves。25.WhywasCaoabletomakethediscovery?HisteachersthinkitisCao’sindependentlearningabilityandinterestindoingexperiments______matter.【解析】本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+剩余部分，故填that。26.[2023·湖北省八市聯(lián)考]Also,thelectureisaneye-openerandIactuallyhavedevelopedanappreciationofthedevotionandhardwork________takestocreateart.【解析】句意：“而且，這次講座讓我大開(kāi)眼界，實(shí)際上，我已經(jīng)開(kāi)始欣賞創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)所需要的奉獻(xiàn)和辛勤工作。”此處為句型ittakes/tooksth.todosth.，表示“做某事需要……”，故填it。27.(2023屆陜西寶雞一檢)TodayChina’srapidgrowthand_____(it)favourableenvironmentandtheexpatriates’excitingstorieshavestimulatedforeigners’interestinthenation.【解析】修飾名詞environment用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。28.It’snosurprisethatsmartwatchesaresopopularnowadays—_____seemsthateveryonewantstobuyone!【解析】本