專題08 推理判斷題 （講義）(原卷版)

專題08推理判斷題01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考03高頻考點(diǎn)·以考定法考點(diǎn)一推理判斷題考點(diǎn)一推理判斷題【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01邏輯推斷題命題點(diǎn)02觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題命題點(diǎn)03寫(xiě)作意圖題命題點(diǎn)04文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測(cè)】04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題微專題推理判斷三大易錯(cuò)陷阱05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容高考考題設(shè)問(wèn)推理判斷題核心價(jià)值：高考英語(yǔ)試卷取材廣泛、體裁多樣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)對(duì)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。第一，強(qiáng)化體美勞教育引導(dǎo)，夯實(shí)全面發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。在體育融入試題方面，2022年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀題選取運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)心臟健康的語(yǔ)篇，寫(xiě)作題選取一名殘疾學(xué)生積極參加跑步比賽的語(yǔ)篇。這些語(yǔ)篇和材料旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高運(yùn)動(dòng)意識(shí)，保持身心健康。在美育融入試題方面，2022年全國(guó)甲卷聽(tīng)力題選取一位藝術(shù)鑒賞家談?wù)撟约航?jīng)歷的材料，閱讀題選取介紹英國(guó)加的夫市藝術(shù)劇院的語(yǔ)篇，這些語(yǔ)篇旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加深對(duì)藝術(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)，培養(yǎng)健康向上的審美情趣。在勞動(dòng)教育融入試題方面，各套試卷的語(yǔ)篇包含了山區(qū)支教、烹飪、做家務(wù)等信息，涉及多種工作場(chǎng)景，旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成勞動(dòng)觀念，在學(xué)習(xí)和生活中培養(yǎng)勞動(dòng)精神。第三，關(guān)注時(shí)代發(fā)展與生活實(shí)踐，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)。2022年全國(guó)卷通過(guò)選取禁止開(kāi)車(chē)使用手機(jī)、悉尼新舊文化沖突、新媒體對(duì)家庭教育和生活的影響、英國(guó)征收糖稅的起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力；通過(guò)選取高科技無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用、鸚鵡識(shí)別物體形狀的實(shí)驗(yàn)、人類語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的研究及與捉迷藏相關(guān)的兒童心理發(fā)展實(shí)驗(yàn)等語(yǔ)篇，激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與研究的興趣通；通過(guò)選取關(guān)愛(ài)養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項(xiàng)目、勇救墜樓兒童、修復(fù)父子親情關(guān)系等語(yǔ)篇,倡導(dǎo)友好互助、彼此關(guān)愛(ài)的和諧人際關(guān)系。學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：從話題選擇來(lái)看，近三年圍繞人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我三大主題全面考查英語(yǔ)綜合運(yùn)用能力，試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣，進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)考試對(duì)五育（德、智、體、美、勞）全面發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)作用，加強(qiáng)對(duì)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、和社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂育人功能。落實(shí)立德樹(shù)人，彰顯德育本色。從命題方向及趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，全國(guó)卷試題高考英語(yǔ)試題整體難度穩(wěn)定且適中，從教材出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主干知識(shí)的運(yùn)用以及基本能力的考查。同時(shí)全國(guó)卷試題高考英語(yǔ)試題注重考查學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)新能力以及解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】B24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?邏輯推斷【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】D34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?邏輯推斷【2023年1月·浙江卷】B26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?邏輯推斷【2023·全國(guó)甲卷】D35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?邏輯推斷【2023·全國(guó)乙卷】B26.Whatcanweinferfromtheautho’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?邏輯推斷【2022·新高考I卷】 閱讀A23.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?邏輯推斷C篇31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?邏輯推斷【2022·全國(guó)高考乙卷】D篇35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?邏輯推斷【2021·英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷】B篇27．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?邏輯推斷D篇33．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?邏輯推斷【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】B篇27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?D篇35．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷 C篇】30．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?邏輯推斷【2021·全國(guó)新高考II卷】D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?邏輯推斷【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】D35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2023年1月·浙江卷】B25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2021·新高考I卷】D34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2021·北京】65.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】 C篇31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2020年，天津卷，第一次高考】23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospectofelectricflying?觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度【2023年1月·浙江卷】C28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?寫(xiě)作目的【2023年1月·浙江卷】D34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?寫(xiě)作目的【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】B26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?寫(xiě)作目的【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】C28.Whatisthebookaimedat?寫(xiě)作目的【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】C31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?寫(xiě)作目的 【2023·全國(guó)甲卷】C28.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?寫(xiě)作目的【2023·全國(guó)乙卷】D33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?寫(xiě)作目的【2022·新高考I卷】B24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?寫(xiě)作目的【2021·英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷】C篇30.10．WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?寫(xiě)作目的【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】C篇29．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?寫(xiě)作目的【2021·全國(guó)新高考I】 D篇33．Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?寫(xiě)作目的【2021·全國(guó)新高考II卷】D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?寫(xiě)作目的【2023·全國(guó)乙卷】D 35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?文章出處【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】C28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?文章出處【2022·新高考I卷】A21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?文章出處【2022·全國(guó)高考乙卷】B27.Whatisthetext?文章出處【2021·英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷】A篇23．Wherecanthetextbefound?文章出處【2022年1月（浙江卷）】26．Whatisthetext?文章出處【2023·全國(guó)乙卷】31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?寫(xiě)作方法【2021·北京卷】32．TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．寫(xiě)作方法【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?寫(xiě)作方法命題點(diǎn)01邏輯推斷題典例01【2023年新高考I卷B篇】“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.典例02【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷D】Para4:Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Para5:Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.Para6:“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.典例03【2023·全國(guó)甲卷D篇】Obviously,ifprecautions(預(yù)防)arenttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.命題點(diǎn)02觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題典例01【2023年新高考II卷D篇】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.典例02【2023年1月·浙江卷B篇】Para3：Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A．Hedisapprovedofit. B．Hewasfavorabletoit.C．Hewastolerantofit. D．Hedidn’tcareaboutit.典例03【2021年新高考I卷之D篇】Para3：Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.命題點(diǎn)03寫(xiě)作意圖題典例01【2023年新高考II卷B篇】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.典例02【2023年1月·浙江卷C】Para1:Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.典例03【2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷C】ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.命題點(diǎn)04文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題典例01（2023年新高考II卷C篇片段）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.典例02（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.Ⅰ邏輯推斷題常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式： 1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe? 2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutfromthelastparagraph? 3．Whatcanwelearnfrom?4．Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?解題指導(dǎo)：瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。Ⅱ觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題做此類題目必須透過(guò)文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無(wú)非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。注意熟悉一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)。解題指導(dǎo)：認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度例詞支持肯定positive(積極的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(熱情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客觀的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感興趣的)、indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；否定反對(duì)negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(懷疑的)、disgusted(憎惡的)critical(批評(píng)的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不贊成的)。Ⅲ寫(xiě)作意圖題常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________.Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.寫(xiě)作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）說(shuō)明文：其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；議論文：一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。Ⅳ文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題廣告：語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；藥品說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志考向01-邏輯推斷題【2023屆福建省廈門(mén)一中高三二模試題C篇片段】Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(診斷)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.考向02-觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題【2023上·河北·高三泊頭市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中片段】AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereport’sconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandareprobablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest.“Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvestsandusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,”hesays.“Wecannotjustsayweshouldstopusingwood.”9．WhatisAliAmiri’sattitudetowardthenewresult?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Objective.考向03-寫(xiě)作意圖題【2023屆湖南省九校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題片段】“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.考向04-文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題【2023上·山東青島·高三統(tǒng)考期中片段】ThefilmLunana:AYak(牦牛)intheClassroom,nominatedforanOscarintheBestInternationalFeaturecategory,tracestheyear-longtransformativejourneyofayoungBhutaneseteacher,Ugyen.BhutanesewriteranddirectorPawoChoyning’sfirstfilmissetintherealvillageofLunana,aremotecommunityofnomadicyakherderssituatedatadizzyingaltitudeofmorethan11,000feet.4．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Ablogontravelling. B．Anintroductiontoafilm.C．AguidebooktoHimalayas. D．Abiographyofadirector.推理判斷三大易錯(cuò)陷阱【易錯(cuò)陷阱一】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度要理清【2024屆河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考片段】But,itdoesn'thavetobeallbadnews.“Onemajormotivationinstudyingthelinkbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-wildlifeconflictsisfindingsolutions,”saidAbrahms.“Aswelearnaboutspecificincidents,wecanidentifypatternsandtends-andcomeupwithinterventions(干預(yù))totrytoaddresstheseconflicts.”Someinterventionsmaybeassimpleaspublic-awarenesscampaigns.Governmentscanalsoplanfortieswhenextremeclimateeventswillbringpeopleandwildifeintoclosercontact.“Onceyouknowtherootcausesofaconflict,youcandesigninterventionstohelpbothpeopleandwildlife,”saidAbrahms.“Wecanchange.”WhatdoesAbrahmsthinkofinterventions?A.Theyaretoosimple. B.Theyareout-of-date.C.Theyarechangeable. D.Theyarebeneficial.【易錯(cuò)陷阱二】寫(xiě)作目的要分明【2024屆河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考片段】Navigatinggrowingupalongsideacademicdemandsisadifficultphaseoflifeforanyone.“ThehardestpartofhavingdyscalculiainmyK-12experiencewasdealingwithadisabilityontopofthenormalaspectsofgrowingup,”Cladeksaid.“Growingupwithdyscalculiagreatlyaffectedmyself-worthandnotfeelinglikeIamenough,”saidCladek,whoisnowacollegestudent.“IflcouldonlybeabletofitinwiththerestofthekidsandnothavethisanxietyandfrustrationeverytimeIlookatamathproblemonmyworksheet,thenI’llbeenough,whichwasacommonthoughtIhad.”WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentoningCladek'sexperience?A.Cladekhasfantasticmemoriesofschooling.B.It'sbettertohavedyscalculiadiagnosedearlier.C.Growingupwithdyscalculiaisabigchallenge.D.Academicdemandsoutweighstrugglingwithdyscalculia.【易錯(cuò)陷阱三】文章出處和讀者對(duì)象勿混淆【湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三摸底考試片段】Whenyouthinkaboutit,foodisanimportantpartofourlives.Familygatheringscenteraroundfoodandthecelebrationofmajorlifeeventsandmilestonesinvolvesfoodinonewayoranother.ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.FoodisimportantandendsupusuallybeingatopicofdiscussionforalmosteverycrewOurfoodalsocomespackagedinmanyways.Butnomatterwhattheformofthefoodthough,youstillhavethesameproblemeatingit--youdonotwantitflyingawayfromyouandmakingamesswhenyouopenitup.Inthiscasealittlebitofextrawaterisextremelyhelpful.Itkeepsthefoodkindofstickingtogetherandtothepackageandtoyourspoon.Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.Thatisenoughfornow!NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Afoodmagazine. B．Anastronaut’sjournal.C．Asci-fihandbook. D．Aspacehistorywebsite.（2023上·江蘇南通·高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）It’sgoodtobesmart.Afterall,intelligentpeopleearnmoremoney,accumulatemorewealth,andevenlivelonger.Butthere’sanothersidetothestory.Thebrightestpeopleandstrongestleaderssometimesmakeerrorsothersdon’t,especiallyinsituationsthatrequirecommonsense.TravisBradberry,presidentatTalentSmart,explainedinhispostWhySmartPeopleActSoStupidthat“Rationalthinking(理性思維)andintelligencedon’ttendtogohandinhand.Intelligentpeoplearemorelikelytomakesillymistakesbecauseofblindspotsinhowtheyuselogic.Theseblindspotsexistbecausesmartpeopletendtobeoverconfidentintheirreasoningabilities.”Theyaresousedtobeingrightandhavingquickanswersthattheydon’tevenrealizewhenthey’remakingamessbyansweringwithoutthinkingthingsthrough.Alifetimeofpraiseleadssmartpeopletodeveloptoomuchfaithintheirintelligenceandabilities.Theyoftenfailtorecognizewhentheyneedhelp,andwhentheydorecognizeit,theytendtobelievethatnooneelseiscapableofprovidingit.“It’shardforanyonetograciouslyacceptthefactthatthey’rewrong.It’sevenharderforsmartpeoplebecausetheygrowsousedtobeingrightallthetimethatitbecomesapartoftheiridentity,”Bradberrywrote.“Forsmartpeople,beingwrongcanfeellikeapersonalattack,andbeingright,anecessity.”Smartpeoplealsohaveahardtimeacceptingfeedback.Theytendtoundervaluetheopinionsofothers,whichmeanstheyhavetroublebelievingthatanyoneisqualifiedtogivethemusefulfeedback.Notonlydoesthistendencyslowtheirgrowthandperformance,itcanleadtoharmfulrelationships,bothpersonallyandprofessionally.Smartpeopledevelopoverachievingpersonalitiesbecausethingscomesoeasilytothem.Theysimplydon’tunderstandhowhardsomepeoplehavetoworktoaccomplishthesamethings,andbecauseofthat,theypushpeopletoohard.Theysetthebartoohigh,andwhenpeopletaketoolongordon’tgetthingsquiteright,theyassumeit’sduetoalackofeffort.Sotheypushevenharder.1．Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthebrightestpeople?A．Theycandifferintheirpersonalities.B．Theyareadmiredbypeoplearoundthem.C．Theyusuallyfacetheirownweaknessescalmly.D．Theycanmakesillymistakesinstraightforwardsituations.2．Whataccountsfortheexistenceofintelligentpeople’slogicalblindspots?A．Theirirrationalwayofthinking. B．Toomuchconcernabouttheirwork.C．Toomuchfaithintheirabilitytothink. D．Theirignoranceofbehavioralscience.3．Whatmayhappentosmartpeoplewhofinditdifficulttoacceptsuggestions?A．Theymayexperiencealotofemotionalstress.B．Theymaycommitmoreerrorsthaneverbefore.C．Theymaylosefaithintheiradministrativeabilities.D．Theymaysufferintheirprofessionalandprivatelife.4．Whatissaidaboutthoseworkingwithorunderoverachievingpeople?A．Theyareunderincreasingpressure. B．Theysethighergoalsforthemselves.C．Theyputalotofeffortintotheirwork. D．Theytakelesstimetogetthingsdone.（2023上·江蘇·高三馬壩高中?？计谥校㏄ickled(腌制的)vegetables,fishandmeatpreservedinsalt,andbreadbakedinacirclewithaholeinthemiddle(e.g.bagels),wereoncethefoodsforthepoorofallbackgroundsincentralandeasternEurope.ButitwasJewishimmigrants(猶太移民)whobroughttheserecipestotheWest,particularlytoAmerica,inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.BagelsandpickledfoodsbecamemainstaysofJewishdeli(熟食店)cuisine,whicharethesubjectofanexhibitionattheNew-YorkHistoricalSocietycalled“I’llHaveWhatShe’sHaving”.Theexhibitionimplicitly(含蓄地)askswhetheracuisinethathasbeenenjoyedbymillionsandhelpeddefinethetasteofNewYorkCitycontinuestobelivelytoday.Thereisadistinctlysadtonetoit.Thoughsomefoodsexistoverseveraldecades,thenumberofJewishdelisinAmericahasdroppedsharply.Black-and-whitepicturesoflong-gonepeopleeatingatlong-goneplaceslinetheexhibition’swalls.Afterall,theJewishdeliisaproductofabygoneera,shapedbyimmigration,discriminationandinner-citylife.Asimmigrants’childrenfitinwiththelocalsandmovedaway,thedelibecameoneofmanydiningchoices—lessacenterofcommunalJewishlifeandmoreapleasantplacetooccasionallycatandtalkaboutthepast.Meanwhile,delifooditselfhascrosseditslimits.Forawhile,McDonald’sinGermanyoffereda“GrilledTexasBagel”.Thatisasenselessphrasetoadeliexpert:adecentbagelbelongsnowherenearagrillandhasnothingtodowithTexas.Butitsuggeststhatbagels—likepizza,hotdogsandotherfoodsonceonlyconsumed