Unit+6+Earth+first+Using+language 高中英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

Unit6EarthfirstLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a),whoisswimmingatnight?Over200,000peoplereadtheblog.Insentence(b),whoisfrightenedofsharks?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousedifferentformsofverbsinthetwosentences?Thesunisrising.Ifweuseonesingle-ingformtomodifyanoun,weusuallyputitbeforethenoun.Ifthe-ingformplusotherwordsisusedtomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputafterthenoun.-ingasattributive現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

（一）概述賓語(yǔ)可以分為三種類(lèi)型:單賓語(yǔ)、雙賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。make這個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以接這三種賓語(yǔ)。1.Shemadeatoy.（單賓語(yǔ)）她做了一個(gè)玩具。2.ShemadeTom

atoy.（雙賓語(yǔ)）她給湯姆做了一個(gè)玩具。3.ShemadeTom

agoodboy.（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）她使湯姆成為一個(gè)好孩子。-ingasattributive現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，以彌補(bǔ)意義上的不足,讓賓語(yǔ)的意義完整。這種起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)就叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可以是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞等。賓補(bǔ)必須同時(shí)具備以下三個(gè)條件:1.賓語(yǔ)是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。2.在一個(gè)完整的句子中,賓補(bǔ)是不可缺少的,省掉后句意就不完整。3.判斷某個(gè)成分是不是賓補(bǔ)，這跟謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)有關(guān)。賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)詞作用于賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)果。大致可分為兩類(lèi):1.動(dòng)詞具有“使”“令”“導(dǎo)致”賓語(yǔ)做某事的作用，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使賓語(yǔ)怎么樣、成為什么或變成什么(例如:make類(lèi),tell類(lèi),cause類(lèi))。2.動(dòng)詞具有感官的性能,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)具有感知作用(see,hear,find類(lèi))。Shetriedtomakeherselfunderstood.(herself為賓語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞understood為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))她設(shè)法讓別人理解她的意思。Wesawthemanenteringtheroom.(theman為賓語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)enteringtheroom為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))我們看見(jiàn)那個(gè)人進(jìn)了房間?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示“觀點(diǎn)”的這一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞如think,consider,believe,find,feel等,都可以接這類(lèi)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Iconsideredthebookratherboring.我認(rèn)為這本書(shū)相當(dāng)枯燥。Theyallfeeltheresultofthegamedisappointing.他們都覺(jué)得比賽結(jié)果令人現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)

感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice,observe,discover,find,listento,lookat,catch(當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn))等，可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Sheheardsomeonesingingnextdoor.她聽(tīng)到隔壁有人在唱歌。Inoticedsomethingburning.我注意到有東西燃了起來(lái)。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①感官動(dòng)詞后面可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，也可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)(find和catch除外),二者有一定的差別?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或結(jié)果。Iheardthedoorbellringing.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門(mén)鈴在響。(聽(tīng)的時(shí)候門(mén)鈴正在響)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門(mén)了。(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)敲門(mén)的全過(guò)程)②現(xiàn)在分詞作感官動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不能使用完成式。Hesawthehousehavingburned.(誤)Hesawthehouseburning.(正)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(2)使役動(dòng)詞have,get,set,leave,keep等,可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Ican'thaveyouwastingwaterlikethat.我不能讓你那樣浪費(fèi)水。3.在“with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)了with的賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Maryfeltveryshywithsomanyeyeslookingather.有這么多眼睛看著她，瑪麗感到很害羞。過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞除了作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)外,還可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。能接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有兩大類(lèi):一類(lèi)是感官動(dòng)詞,另一類(lèi)是使役動(dòng)詞。1.感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,notice,find等可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。IfindhisEnglishimprovedalot.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的英語(yǔ)提高很多。過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.使役動(dòng)詞make,have,get,keep,leave等可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Theforeignertriedtomakeherselfunderstood,butfailed.這個(gè)外國(guó)人設(shè)法使別人明白她的意思，但失敗了。3.意欲動(dòng)詞want,like,wish,expect,wouldlike等可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Themotherwantsherdaughtertaughtmusicinherfreetime.這位母親想讓她的女兒在空閑時(shí)間學(xué)音樂(lè)。非謂語(yǔ)形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Isawthedogfollowingaman.我看見(jiàn)那只狗跟在一個(gè)人的身后。Isawthedogfollowedbyaman.我看見(jiàn)有人在那只狗后面跟著。非謂語(yǔ)形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別2.不定式現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.幾個(gè)學(xué)生最后看見(jiàn)瑞德時(shí)他正在一家網(wǎng)吧附近玩耍。I'dliketoseeaproposalputforwardatonce.我想看到立馬有人提出建議。非謂語(yǔ)形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別3.過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別Sheheardhernamecalledjustamomentago.剛才她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人叫過(guò)她的名字。(called是過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示“被動(dòng)和完成”)Sheheardhernamebeingcalledfrombehindandstoppedtolookback.她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下來(lái)向后看。(beingcalled是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)，表示“被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”)Vocabulary1.devotedevoted adj.忠誠(chéng)的;深?lèi)?ài)的;全心全意的devotion n.深?lèi)?ài)，熱愛(ài)，奉獻(xiàn)devoteone'slife/energy/time/money/attentionto(doing)sth.把某人的生命/精力/時(shí)間/金錢(qián)/注意力用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.=sb.+bedevotedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事,獻(xiàn)身于(做)某事練習(xí)：She_______________(devote)tothecauseofpeaceallherlife.wasdevotedVocabulary2.presentationpresent v.呈現(xiàn);授予n.禮物;目前make/giveashortpresentation 作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短介紹thepresentationofevidence 證據(jù)的提交thepresentationofprizes 獎(jiǎng)品的頒發(fā)練習(xí)：Iwasaskedtogiveashort_________(present)ontheaimsoftheplan.presentationVocabulary3.establishestablishrelations/links/contact(withsb.) (與某人)建立聯(lián)系establishanagency 成立一個(gè)代理處establishfunds 設(shè)立基金establishwhether/if... 確定是否……establishhow... 確定如何……練習(xí)：Ourgoalis_________(establish)anewresearchcentreinthenorth.toestablishVocabulary4.damagedo/causedamageto 對(duì)……造成損害damagefrom 由……起的損失damageone'sproperty/reputation 損害某人的財(cái)產(chǎn)名譽(yù)damagetoone'sreputation 對(duì)某人名譽(yù)的損害payforthedamage 賠償損失brain/liverdamage 腦損傷/肝損傷damageone'shealth 損害某人的健康canbeeasilydamaged 容易損壞練習(xí)：Theearthquakecausedseriousdamage_______thehouse.toVocabulary5.floodfloodwater 洪水causefloods 引發(fā)水災(zāi)flooddamage 洪澇災(zāi)害floodwarnings 水災(zāi)警告afloodof 大量的……afloodofcomplaints 大量投訴beinflood (河水)上漲,泛濫infoodsoftears 淚如雨下練習(xí)：Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelslike________________(flood)withobjects.tobefloodedVocabulary6.reducereduction n.減少;縮小bereducedto... 淪落為……;被迫……(to為介詞)reducesb.totears/silence 使某人流淚/沉默reducefrom+起點(diǎn)

從……降低/減少reduceto+終點(diǎn)

減少到……reduceby+程度

減少了……練習(xí)：Itwasfoggysothedriverhadtoreducespeed______fortykilometresanhour.toVocabulary7.severeseverely adv.很?chē)?yán)重地;極為惡地lacesevereeconomicproblems 面臨嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題severeweatherconditions 惡劣的天氣情況causeseveredamage 造成嚴(yán)重的破壞severeinjuries 嚴(yán)重的傷勢(shì)aseverewinter 嚴(yán)冬練習(xí)：Anyonebreakingthelawwillbe__________(severe)punished.severelyVocabulary8.infectioninfect v.傳染;使感染sufferfromaninfection 患上感染/傳染病virusinfection 病毒感染haveaninfection 受感染get/developaninfection 受感染treataninfection 治療感染fightaninfection 抵御傳染thesourceofaninfection 傳染源練習(xí)：Ear__________(infect)arecommoninpreschoolchildren.infectionsVocabulary9.infectionlecturesb.about/onsth. 因某事指責(zé)/訓(xùn)斥某人lecturesb.aboutdoingsth. 因做某事指責(zé)/訓(xùn)斥某人alectureon/aboutsth. 關(guān)于……的講課/訓(xùn)斥givealecture(tosb.) (給某人)講課/演講lectureonsth 講授某方面的課程attendalecture 出席講座inthelecturehall 在演講廳練習(xí)：Shelectures______Russianliterature.onReadthepassageandchoosethecorrectformoftheverbs.HannahFraserAttracted/Attractingbymermaidssinceshewasachild,HannahFrasercreatedherfirsttailwhenshewasonlynineyearsold.Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.Shecanbeseenworn/wearingmermaidclothinganddived/divingupto50feetunderwatertoswimwithdolphins,sharksandwhales.SheappearedinTheCove,adocumentaryaimingathighlightingthecrueltyofdolphinhunting.Besidesperformingandmodelling,Hannahtravelstheworldgiven/givingpresentationsandtalks,gettingmorepeopleinvolved/involvingintheconservationofoceanlife.Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectformoftheverbs.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Here,youcanseedramaticlandscapeschangingfrommountainstograsslands,foreststorivers.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlanddamagedbyhumanactivity.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentuntouched,...Sharewhatyouknowabouttheseexpressions.Thesumtotalofallthegreenhousegasemissionsthathadtotakeplaceinorderforaproducttobeproducedorforanactivitytotakeplace.AwarmingofEarth’ssurfaceandtroposphere(thelowestlayeroftheatmosphere)causedbythepresenceofwatervapour,carbondioxide,methane,andcertainothergasesintheair.reusablewaterbottlecarbonfootprintrenewableenergyLEDbulbWaterconservationgreenhouseeffectWorkinpairs.Discusswhatyoucandotohelpdealwithglobalwarming,usingthewordsandexpressionsyouhavelearnt.A:Iwillgotoschoolbybiketoreducemycarbonfootprint.B:IwillbringareusablebagwhenIgoshopping....Listentothelectureandchoosethetopicsthatarecovered.1.Whattheword“smog”means.2.Whentheword“smog”appeared.3.Whatcausedsmoginthepast.4.Whatcausessmognow.5.Theeffectsofsmogontheenvironment.6.Howgovernmentstrytoreducesmog.7.Whatwillhappenifwedon’treducesmog.Listentothelectureandchoosethetopicsthatarecovered.1900s

TheGreatSmog

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requirementsofpayingtodrivechemicalsActivity9Workinpairsandtalkaboutrecycling.studentATellStudentBaboutrecyclingusingtheinformationbelow.BepreparedtobecorrectedbyStudentB.?Theclassificationofhouseholdwasteaimstohelppeopleseparatedifferenttypesofwaste.Thisisimportantbecausethesedifferenttypesofwastecanbedisposedoforrecycledappropriatelyandeffectively.

?Householdwastecanberoughlydividedinto:

*foodwaste

*non-recyclablewaste

*recyclablewaste,includingpaper,glass,plasticandused

batteriesActivity9Workinpairsandtalkaboutrecycling.studentATellStudentBaboutrecyclingusingtheinformationbelow.BepreparedtobecorrectedbyStudentB.?Chinaplanstointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationand

sortinginthefirstbatchofcitiesby2020.OnlyBeijing,

Shanghai,TianjinandChongqingareincludedinthefirst

batch.?Thetargetrecyclingrateinthesecitieshasbeensetat55%

by2020.studentBListentoStudentAtalkingaboutrecycling.Interruptpolitelytocorrecthim/herusingthefollowinginformation:Activity9?Usedbatteriesareusuallyregardedasnon-recyclablewasteandshouldbedisposedofseparately.?ThefirstbatchofcitiestointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationandsortingincludesBeijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqingandallcapitalsofprovincesandautonomousregions.?Thetargetrecyclingrateinth