江蘇省2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期末考試模擬試卷03含解析

PAGEPAGE25江蘇省2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期末考試模擬試卷03（含解析）總分：120分；考試時間100分鐘一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）請仔細(xì)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AEnglishlearnersshouldnotthinkthatmistakesarebad.AlexPoole,aprofessorofEnglishatWesternKentuckyUniversity,advisesthatlanguagelearnersshouldinsteadseeerrorsassignsofprogress.OnecommonproblemisthatEnglishlearnersthinktoomuchabouterrorsinsteadofcommunication."Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpracticalterms.Ifyouhaveanerror,theonlytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadstomisunderstanding,"Poolesaid.PoolesaidwhenspeakingwithanativeEnglishspeaker,youcanlookforsignsofconfusiontodetecterrors.Forexample,whenapersongivesanunusualresponsetosomethingyousaid,youcanthenaskthemdirectlywhattheproblemis.Italsoworksifyouaskanativespeakeraboutthekindsofthingsthatyousaythatcouldcausecommunicationproblemsifyouknowhimwell.Whenitcomestowriting,Poolerecommendsthinkingabouterrorsinadifferentway.Hesuggestskeepingalistofcommonerrors.WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,insteadofgrammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.Thenheadvisesthinkingabouthowtoputthoseideasinorder.Afterfinishingit,youcangobackanduseyourlisttolookforerrors.“Myphilosophyasalanguagelearnerhasalwaysbeen..I'mgoingtomonitormyerrors,butI'mnevergoingtobeperfect,sothatshouldn'tbotherme.ButIshouldlookforthingswhichcausecommunicationproblems,andIjusthavetolivewiththat."YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole'snewbookLearningaForeignLanguage-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,healsowritesaboutstudyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.1．Englishlearnersshouldworryabouterrorswhen________A．theymisusepracticalterms.B．theydon'tknownativespeakers.C．mistakesbecomesignsofslowprogress.D．errorscausecommunicationbreakdown.2．WhatshouldEnglishlearnersconsiderfirstinwritingaccordingtoPoole?A．Grammars. B．Mainideas.C．Details. D．Wordchoice.3．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainbasicrules.C．Toofferpracticaladvice. D．Torecommendaprofessor.BHavingamicrochipimplantedinaman'sbrainmaybecommoninsci-fimovieplots,butitmaysoonbecomeanactualpossibility.ElonMusk-aUStechtycoon,founderofSpaceX-hasbeenworkingonthistechnology.OnAug28,Muskgaveadisplayofthechip,whichwasimplantedintotheheadofapignamedGertrude.Thechip,developedbyMusk'scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin.Butdon'tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes（電極）attachedtoflexiblethreads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神經(jīng)元）.Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers,accordingtoMSN.ThatenabledresearcherstomonitorGertrude'sbrainactivitywhileshewaswalkingaroundinthedisplay.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystage,itisencouragingforhumans.Thistechnologywouldsolvealotofbraininjuriesandisessentia]forAlsymbiosis,whichwillallowthehumanbraintocombinewithanartificialintelligence.Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilitydifficulties.Muskhopesthistechnologycanalsobeusedtohelpthosewithhearingandeyesightissues.Althoughsuchadevicecouldrepairthoseproblems,puttingitintopracticeisbynomeansapieceofcake.Currently,thedevicecantransmitsignalsfromabout500neuronsinthepig'sbrain.Comparedto80billionneuronsinahumanbrain,thisnumberistiny.Andtocoverthewholehumanbrainalsomeanstheelectrodeshavetobemuchsmaller.Also,implantingthechipintothebrainposesapotentialdanger.Thereisariskoftheimmunesystemattackingthisforeignbody.Rightnow,thehopeofcontrollingthebrainviacontrollingafewneuronsseemsoverlyoptimistic."Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges...toovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanputitsdevicestothepurposes,"YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.4．WhatdoweknowaboutElonMusk'smicrochip?A．Itwasinspiredbysci-fimovieplots.B．Itisabletocollectwirelesssignals.C．Itistinyinsizebutpowerfulinfunction.D．Ithasbeenimplantedintoahuman'sbrain.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inParagraph3referto?A．TheoperationofthechipinGertrude’sbrain.B．Theattachmentofelectrodestoflexiblethreads.C．ThedevelopmentofneuronsinsideGertrude'sbrain.D．Thetransmissionofsignalsfromanearbycomputer6．Whatisthemajortargetofthemicrochip?A．Tomonitoranimals’brainactivity.B．Tohelppeoplewithmobilityissues.C．Todevelopacureforimmunesystemproblems.D．TocontributetotheresearchonAltechnologies.7．HowdoesYuanLanfengfeelaboutimplantingthechipintothehumanbrain?A．Worried. B．Excited. C．Optimistic. D．Challenged.COnceuponatime,sciencefictionwasjustastyleamongotherstyles.Therewerecrimestories,therewerehorrorstories,therewasliteraryfiction,andtherewassciencefiction.Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.Anditsnotjustbooks.Witheverysecondmovieandcomputergamehavingasci-fielement,sciencefictionseemstohavecontrolledourentireentertainmentculture.It'sclearthatifwewanttodefinesciencefiction,weshouldrelateittotherolethatscienceplaysinourlives.Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.Factorieswithvastmachinesturnedouthugequantitiesofgoods,whichweretransportedbytrains,motorvehiclesandshipsallovertheworld.Citieswerebuiltonthebackoftechnology,withelectricityinhomesandhospitalshelpingeveryonetoleadhealthier,moreconvenientlives.Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.Writersbegantodescribethesechangingphysicalandmentallandscapes,eventuallygivingsciencefictionalargeanddevotedfanbaseofespeciallyyoungreaders,whofoundthatitspoketotheircuriosityaboutthefuturethatsciencewouldcreate.Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“l(fā)ittlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.Giventhatscience,technologyandpolitiesarealwaysintertwined,contemporarysciencefictionoftenhasagreatdealtosayaboutpower.Manyrecentnovels-likeAmericanCoryDoctorow'sLittleBrother（2008）-areconcernedwithgovernmentandsecurityservice“conspiracies（陰謀）”againstthepeople,particularlyastherevelationsofwhistleblowerslikeEdwardSnowdensinkin.Thiscangivesci-fiwritinga“skeptical（懷疑的）”feel.Thisunderlinesoneofthefeaturesthatremainsconstantbetweenthebeginningsoftheempireofsciencefictionanditsstatetoday.Asthen,sonow:Wewanttoreadabouthowfearfulthefuturewillbe,nothowitwillbeaparadise.8．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.A．sciencefictionusedtotaketheleadershipinliteratureB．horrorstoryandliteraryfictionhaveinitiatedsciencefictionC．modernfictionreflectstheinfluenceofsciencefictionD．sciencefictionisthedominantliteraturestyleatpresenttime9．Whatcausedsciencefictiontoappearinthe19thcentury?A．Thecuriosityofyoungreadersaboutthefuture.B．Thechangesthattheindustrialrevolutionbroughtabout.C．People'sstretchedimaginationaffectedbytheirreallife.D．People'sfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.10．Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheearlysciencefiction?A．Itarousedpeople'scuriosityofscienceondailylife.B．Itintensifiedpeople'sworriesaboutthesocialproblems.C．Itpromotedpeople'sunderstandingofthetruevalueofscience.D．Itconveyedanatmosphereofimaginaryanxietiestopeople.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Despitethecontent,thethemeofsciencefictionremainsthesame.B．Thefearofouterspaceattackhaslongbeenaworryamongpeopleoftimes.C．Theappearanceofsciencefictionhascausedmisunderstandingamongpeople.D．Sciencefictionisweakeninggovernmentpowerimplementedonpeople.DAmericanwriterA．N.DEVERSwasatarare-bookfairinNewYorkCityin2015whenshenoticedaJoanDidiontitlesellingforjust$25.ThenshesawthepricetagofanovelbytheequallyfamousCormacMcCarthy:about$600.“Irealizedwedon’tvaluewomen’sworkthesamewaywedomen’s,”Deverssays.“It’sdepressing.Butit’salsoexciting,becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”Threeyearslater,aftermovingtoLondonandjoiningtheU.K.’sboomingrare-booktrade,Deversopenedthereddoorsofhernewbookstore,theSecondShelf.LocatedinaquietcourtyardoffthebusystreetsofLondon’sSoho,thestorealmostexclusivelystocksrarebooksbywomen(alongsideahandfulofmale-authoredbooksaboutwomen).Thefocusismodernfiction:ElizabethBowennovels,romancesbyRosamundePilcher,poetrybyNtozakeShange.Devers’skillforfindingoverlookedjewelswaspolishedduringachildhoodofVisitstoyardsalesintownsacrosstheU.S.,aresultofherfamily’sfollowingherfather’sAirForcejob.Someofhermostsought-afterrecentfindswereworksbyMiriamTlali,thefirstblackwomantopublishanovelinSouthAfrica.Devershitonher1975debutinacharitystoreandquicklysourcedandsold15moreTlalibooks.Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethathasallowedwomen’sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.Bookdealershavetendedtobemen;muchofthetrade’searlymaterialwascollectedby“countrygentlemenwhoranestatesandamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,”Deverssays.Shearguesthatthey’vebeenliketheirpeersinothermale-ledcreativeindustries—includingtelevision,filmandthenewsmedia—inthat“theyfocusonthemselves.”Thatpastcontributestoaplainabsenceofwomen’sworkamongthebooksconsideredtobevaluableculturalobjects.InJanuary,theSecondShelfwentviral(走紅)onTwitterafterDeverspointedoutthatonlyninebooksbywomenappearedinalist,producedbyatradewebsite,ofthe500biggestsalesatauctioninthebooks-and-paperfieldlastyear.Evenamongmorerecentlypublishedworks,a2024studyfound,titlesbywomenareonaveragepriced45%lowerthanbooksbymen.Inrecentyears,callshavegoneouttoreadonlybooksbywomenforayearandforuniversitiestoexpandtheircurriculums.TheobservanceofWomen’sHistoryMonthintheU.S.hasalsomadeMarchatimeforpublisherstosuggestfittingreadinglists.Devers’shopisthephysicalsiteofthatmovementchallengingthecurrentsituation.“We’vebeentaughttofindvalueinsomethingreallynarrow,”shesays.“It’stimetoexploresomethingdifferent.”12．Thefirstparagraphtellsthereaders_________.A．whyDeversnamedhershoptheSecondShelfB．howDeverswasexposedtorarebooktradeC．whatmotivatedDeverstoopentheSecondShelfD．whereDeversfirstcameacrosswomen’sliteraryworks13．Theunderlinedword“eclipse”inthefourthparagraphmeans_________.A．fullyexposedB．partiallyconcealedC．seriouslytreatedD．roughlyexplained14．Whichmayexplaintheabsenceofthegreatliteraryworksbywomen?A．Thetradeusedtobedominatedbymen.B．Womenwriters’ideasconflictwiththebookdealers’.C．Malestendtobeproductiveinthecreativeindustry.D．Themajorityofmalereadersdon’treadmodernfiction.15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Inrecentyears,universitycurriculumshaveemphasizedbooksbywomen.B．Women’sHistoryMonthhaspushedwomenwriterstobemoreproductive.C．MorephysicalbookstoreslikeDevers’areneededtochangethesituation.D．TheSecondShelfishelpingturnapageforwomeninliterature.二、七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Forhumans,ignorance(無知)isinevitable(不行避開的):It'sournaturalstate.There'stoomuchcomplexityintheworldforanyindividualtomaster.Ignorancecanbefrustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself.16．.AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyare.Ifyougiveagroupofpeopleatasktodoandthenaskthemhowwelltheythinkthey'vedoneonthetask.Poorperformersoverestimatehowwellthey'vedone;strongperformersoftenunderestimatetheirperformance:Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolacktheknowledgeofwhatskillsthey'remissing.17．Thosewhohaveskillsknowwhatskillstheycouldimproveon.Ourignorance,ingeneral,shapesourlivesinwayswedonotknowabout.Putsimply,peopletendtodowhattheyknowandfailtodowhattheydon'tknow.18．Peoplefailtoreachtheirpotentialsimplybecausetheyarenotawareofthepossible.Thisisafactoflife.19．Wewon'tmissDisneylandifwedon'tknowit'sthere.Formanyexpensivethings,thelessyouknowaboutthem,thelessyou'llmissthemandthehappieryou'llbe.20．Ifwedon'tknowaboutbirthcontrol,thenwewon'tuseit.Ifweremainignorantaboutthehorrorsthataregoingonnextdoor,wewon'tdowhat'snecessarytostopthem.Andifweareignorantaboutthedangerousthingsourchildrenaregettinginto,disastercanfollow.A．Ignorancemeansyouhaveneither.B．Sotheythinkthey'reprettygood.C．It’sthetroublewegetintobynotrecognizingit.D．Butignorancehascosts.E.It'sknowledgeofpossibilitiesthatmakesusmissthem.F.Wecan'tchoosewhatwedon'tknowabout.G.Inthatway,ignorancechannelsthecoursewetakeinlife.三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從所供應(yīng)的四個選項中選出最佳選項.Therearemanytalentedpeoplearoundtheworld.Someare21inbusiness,othersaregoodartists.Whateverthe22is,theremustbegoodideasinordertosucceed.Becauseasinglepersonbyhimselfcan23assesshisideascritically,heneedstocommunicatewithanotherperson.Todayyoucan24findpeopletotalktoonline.Extensivegeographycanincreaseyour25tofindthepersonwhosharesyourinterests.Inthebeginning,itis26tomeetasmanypeopleaspossible.Themorepeopleyouknow,thehigherthechanceyoufindthe27person.Beforeyouimplement(實施)youridea,itisnecessaryto28itwiththispersonyoufind.Inthiswayyougetanewviewofyourideaandrealizehowyoucandevelopitfurtheror29ittoimprove.Oftenthispersoncanshowyouwhatstrengthsand30yourideahas.Itisgoodtoimplementanythoughtonyourown,butdoingitwitha/an31iseasier.Whenyouchoosesomeonetoexpressyourideas,32thepersonhasstrongmotivationtolistentoyou.Sheorhealsoneedstohavethe33totellyouwhatisgoodandbadaboutyourideas.Chooseallthe34methodstofindthisperson.Communicateyourthoughtstohimandyourlifewillbecomemoresuccessful.Soitisimportantto35yourideaswithsomeoneelse.21．A．wealthy B．busy C．strong D．interested22．A．part B．field C．case D．a(chǎn)dvice23．A．hardly B．regularly C．instantly D．nearly24．A．proudly B．roughly C．easily D．a(chǎn)ctually25．A．courage B．chance C．interest D．hope26．A．necessary B．normal C．possible D．helpful27．A．rich B．friendly C．proper D．clever28．A．a(chǎn)rgue B．discuss C．cover D．travel29．A．control B．check C．protect D．change30．A．a(chǎn)spects B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．weaknesses D．exception31．A．partner B．guide C．a(chǎn)dult. D．expert32．A．tryout B．makesense C．workout D．makesure33．A．belief B．a(chǎn)bility C．confidence D．time34．A．scientific B．traditional C．a(chǎn)vailable D．various35．A．a(chǎn)ssociate B．exchange C．provide D．combine四、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(每小題1.5分，滿分15分)ThestoryofAtlantisisoneofthe36．(old)mysteriesintheworld.Buthowdidthestorybegin?Morethan2,000yearsago,afamousGreekwriterPlatowroteastoryaboutabeautifulislandintheAtlanticOcean,37．hecalledtheislandofAtlantis.Thepeopletherewereveryrichand38．(success).However,astheygrewricher,theybecameselfishandgreedyandtheystartedtoargueandfight39．eachotherandthepeoplefromtheotherislands.Then,oneday,asa(n)40．(punish),ahugeearthquakecameandgreatwavescoveredtheislandofAtlantisuntilitdisappearedunderthesea.Forover2,000years,everyonethoughttheislandofAtlantis41．(be)justafantasticstoryuntilanAmericanpoliticianandwriter42．(name)DonnellystudiedthehistoryoffloodsandnaturaldisastersfromEgypttoMexicoandthoughtthestorywasaboutarealnaturaldisaster.Then,in43．late1960s,theruinsofanancientcityontheGreekislandofTherawerediscoveredbyaGreekhistorian.Whenthehistorianandhisteamexaminedtheruinsoftheancientcity,theyfoundagroupofpeoplehadlivedtherebeforeandthecity44．(destroy)andburiedbyavolcaniceruption.So,wasTheratrulytheislandthatPlatohaddescribedinhisbooks?NOoneknowsandthestoryofAtlantis45．(remain)amystery.五、提綱類作文(滿分15分)46．假如你是李華，是某國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生會主席。你發(fā)覺有些同學(xué)迫于同伴間的壓力，在過生日時常常攀比誰買的生日禮物好。請你用英語寫一封倡議信，發(fā)表在你校校內(nèi)網(wǎng)上，呼吁同學(xué)們不要攀比。內(nèi)容包括：1.相互攀比的危害；2.對生日禮物的建議；3.向同學(xué)們發(fā)出倡議。留意：1.詞數(shù)80詞左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearstudents,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union六、讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右?！癐wishmymotherhadaringlikethosetheladieswearatthehotel,”saidHiramGreentohimselfoneday.Hiramwasthesonofafisherman,butthefishermanhaddiedwhenHiramwasalittleboy.Hiram’smothertookonsewingworktoearnmoneytosupportherselfandherson.Hehelpedherwhenhecouldoutofschoolhours,andduringvacationtime.Hehadtwouncleswhohadtaughthimhowtocatchshrimp(蝦).Withthemoneyheearnedbysellingthemhecouldbuythingsforhisownuseorpleasure.Hehada“bank”almostfullofwhathecalledhis“shrimpmoney.”Thesightoftheflashingdiamondsonthehandsofsomeofthesummervisitorsatthefishingvillageinwhichhelivedhadaddedanewarticletothelistofbeautifulthingshismotherwouldownsomeday.Hehadheardthatjustonesinglediamondwassometimesworthfivehundreddollarsormore.Thishaddiscouragedhimverymuch.Butoneday,hehappenedtopassashopintheneighboringtownandsawanumberofdiamondringsdisplayedinthewindow.Hestoppedfascinated,andpressedhisfaceagainsttheglasseagerlytoseeifanypricesweremarkeduponthem.Imaginehissurprisewhenhesawuponthelargestone—atag(標(biāo)簽)marked$4.75.Helookedagaintoseeifhehadmadeamistake.Perhapsitwas$475.00.Butno,heknewenoughaboutfigurestoseethathewasrightthefirsttime.Hewenthomeasfastashecould,andranupintohisbedroom.Then,heopenedhis“bank”andcounteditscontents.“Threedollarsandtwenty-twocents!”hecried.“I’llhavethatringbeforeanotherweek.”Hiramworkedearlyandlateforthenextfewdays.Hecaughtmoreshrimpsthanhehadevercaughtinthesamelengthoftime,andsoldthemreadily.Paragraph1:Attheendoftheweekhehadthesumhedesired.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:YearsafterwardsHiramlearnedthatwhathehadthoughtwasadiamondwasonlyabitofglass.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．D2．B3．A【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國西肯塔基高校的AlexPoole教授對于英語學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)當(dāng)如何對待自己用英語進行溝通和寫作時所犯的錯誤提出了自己的看法，并舉薦了Poole教授的新書。1．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段最終兩句“"Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpracticalterms.Ifyouhaveanerror,theonlytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadstomisunderstanding,"Poolesaid.（Poole說：“我們的目標(biāo)是能夠以實際的方式進行溝通。假如你犯了一個錯誤，只有當(dāng)它引起誤會時你才應(yīng)當(dāng)擔(dān)憂?！保笨芍?，英語學(xué)習(xí)者在所犯錯誤導(dǎo)致溝通中斷時才須要擔(dān)憂。故選D。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段第三句“WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,insteadofgrammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.(當(dāng)英語學(xué)習(xí)者（進行）寫作時，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮所寫內(nèi)容的大意，而不是語法。)”可知，Poole認(rèn)為當(dāng)英語學(xué)習(xí)者寫作時，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)首先考慮主要思想。故選B。3．推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了Poole教授對于英語學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)當(dāng)如何對待用英語進行溝通和寫作時所犯的錯誤的看法，且最終一段“YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole'snewbookLearningaForeignLanguage-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,healsowritesaboutstudyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.”提到假如想了解到更多關(guān)于語言學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，可以去閱讀他的新書。因此本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。4．C5．A6．B7．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了在大腦在植入芯片聽起來很科幻，但是馬斯克的公司已經(jīng)起先實施這樣的試驗了。4．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的句子“Thechip,developedbyMusk'scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin.Butdon'tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes（電極）attachedtoflexiblethreads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神經(jīng)元）.這個芯片是由馬斯克的Neuralink公司開發(fā)的，只有硬幣大小。但別讓它的尺寸愚弄了你。據(jù)MSN稱，這種微型芯片有3000多個電極連接在柔性線上，可以監(jiān)測大約1000個神經(jīng)元”可知，這種芯片雖然小但是功能強大。結(jié)合選項可知C項符合題意，故選C項。5．詞義揣測題。由劃線詞的前一句“Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers它從大腦的某個區(qū)域收集神經(jīng)信號，然后將這些信號無線傳輸?shù)脚赃叺挠嬎銠C?！笨芍?，這就是芯片工作的原理。依據(jù)語境，劃線詞That就是指代這種過程。所以選項A“TheoperationofthechipinGertrude’sbrain.格特魯?shù)麓竽X芯片的操作?！狈项}意。故選A項。6．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干中的themajortarget”與文章中的“itsmaingoal”意義相同，可以快速在文章中定位。由第五段第一句“Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilitydifficulties.當(dāng)這種裝置能夠應(yīng)用于人類時，它的主要目標(biāo)將是幫助那些有行動困難的人?！笨芍?，選項B符合題意。故選B項。7．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的句子“"Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges...toovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanputitsdevicestothepurposes,"YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.“有很多技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)……中國科技高校副教授袁蘭峰在接受《中國日報》采訪時說：“我們要克服這個問題，才能使Neuralink的設(shè)備達(dá)到預(yù)期目的?！庇纱丝芍m峰認(rèn)為這個技術(shù)很有“挑戰(zhàn)性”。故選D項?！军c睛】

8．C9．B10．D11．A【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科幻小說對其他文體的影響，并介紹其起源和現(xiàn)代科幻小說與以前的不同。8．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.(但今日，科學(xué)主題主導(dǎo)了其他風(fēng)格。很難想象有多少現(xiàn)代犯罪、恐怖或“肅穆”小說不涉及科學(xué)。)”可知，現(xiàn)代小說受到了科幻小說的影響。故選C。9．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.(盡管一些專家聲稱科幻小說可以追溯到古代，但更合理的說法是科幻小說最早出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)，那時工業(yè)社會剛剛興起。)”和“Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.(全部這些變更不僅對人們的現(xiàn)實生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，而且對他們想象中的生活也產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。)”可知，工業(yè)革命帶來的變更導(dǎo)致科幻小說出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)。故選B。10．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第五段“Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.(但科幻小說反映的更多的是對科學(xué)的恐驚，而不是希望。這些典型的早期科幻小說可能是一部英國小說，如H.G.Wells的《世界大戰(zhàn)》(1897)。Wells以超群的技巧，通過想象地球受到來自火星的人類文明的威逼，演繹了人們對科技的恐驚。)”可知，早期的科幻小說向人們傳達(dá)了一種想象中的擔(dān)憂和恐驚氣氛。故選D。11．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第六段“Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“l(fā)ittlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.(今日的科幻小說表達(dá)了計算機革命、機器人和我們面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)的影響，而對“來自火星的小綠人”和過去科幻小說的其他主題關(guān)注較少。)”可推斷，盡管不同時期的科幻小說內(nèi)容不同，但主題還是一樣的。故選A。12．C13．B14．A15．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述Devers發(fā)覺女性文學(xué)作品沒有得到和男性作品同等的待遇，確定為女性作品做些事情。12．主旨大意題。由第一段中的“Irealizedwedon’tvaluewomen’sworkthesamewaywedomen’s,”Deverssays.“It’sdepressing.Butit’salsoexciting,becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”可知，“我意識到，我們并不像重視男性工作那樣重視女性的工作，”Devers說?！斑@是令人懊喪的。但這也很令人興奮，因為我可以為此做些什么?！庇纱丝梢?，第一段告知讀者是什么驅(qū)使Devers開設(shè)了theSecondShelf。故選C。13．詞句揣測題。分析本句可知，“hathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.”在句子作定語，對名詞ahistoricalimbalance進行修飾說明，ahistoricalimbalance表示的是歷史的不平衡，由此可測，這種不平衡引起女性文學(xué)成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)的是一種不好的語境，結(jié)合選項，選項B，表示的是有偏見地被隱藏，符合語境。故選B。14．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的其次句Bookdealershavetendedtobemen;muchofthetrade’searlymaterialwascollectedby“countrygentlemenwhoranestatesandamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,”可知，書商始終傾向于是男性，很多的貿(mào)易早期資料被鄉(xiāng)紳收集，他們經(jīng)營房地產(chǎn)并且積累了一圖書館的書去顯示他們的財寶和才智。由此可見，貿(mào)易過去常常被男性限制，導(dǎo)致了女性文學(xué)作品的缺失。故選A。15．推理推斷題。由第四段的第一句Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.和最終一段的第三句Devers’shopisthephysicalsiteofthatmovementchallengingthecurrentsituation.可知，在收集這些作品的時候，書店theSecondShelf正在訂正歷史的不平衡，這個不平衡已經(jīng)讓女性文學(xué)成就變得黯然失色了。Devers的書店是那場挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)狀的運動的實質(zhì)性地點。由此可見，Devers的書店TheSecondShelf始終在為女性文學(xué)的變更供應(yīng)幫助。故選D。【點睛】詞義揣測題解題技巧之一：利用定語從句的語法功能解題。定語從句是對句中某個名詞進行修飾說明，我們可以通過對名詞的理解或者定語從句的理解，推想要揣測的詞義。如本小題2，分析本句可知，“hathasallowedwomen'sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.”在句子是定語從句，對名詞ahistoricalimbalance進行修飾說明，ahistoricalimbalance表示的是歷史的不平衡，由此可測，這種不平衡引起女性文學(xué)成就遭到不好的待遇，eclipsed應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)的是一種不好的語境，結(jié)合選項，選項B，表示的是有偏見地被隱藏，符合語境，故選B。16．C17．B18．G19．F20．D【分析】這是一篇爭論文。文章圍繞“無知”這一主題，闡述了“無知可能會令人懊喪，但問題并不在于無知本身，而是我們身陷其中卻渾然不覺”這一道理。16．上文“Ignorancecanbefrustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself.”指出“無知可能會令人懊喪，但問題并不在于無知本身”，結(jié)合下一段首句“AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyare”（依據(jù)DavidDunning的說法，無知的人往往不知道他們有多么無知）可知，真正的問題應(yīng)當(dāng)指人們對無知的事實相識不足，C選項“問題在與我們相識不到自己是無知的”正好表達(dá)了這一含義。故選C項。17．圍繞“表現(xiàn)欠佳者自吹自擂，表現(xiàn)良好者又自暴自棄”這一現(xiàn)象，前文“Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolacktheknowledgeofwhatskillsthey'remissing.”指出“這是因為那些欠缺技能的人對自己原委欠缺哪些實力相識不足”，正因為這樣，B選項“所以他們自我感覺還挺不錯”承接前文，其