2024年高考英語考前必練卷5（新高考專用）（解析版）

密卷（新高考專用）05-2024年高考英語考前必練10套密卷

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位

號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（A）填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答

題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。

2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息

點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。

3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域

內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，

不按以上要求作答的答案無效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最

佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對

話僅讀一遍。

1.WhenwillthespeakersgiveEricaparty?

A.ThisThursday.B.NextFriday.C.ThisFriday.

【答案】C

【原文】W:IsEriccomingbacksoon?Imisshimverymuch.

M:HeplannedtoarrivenextFriday,buthe'scomingthisThursday.

W:Lefsgivehimapartyonthefollowingnightafterhisarrival.

M:Great.

2.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?

A.He'sgettingmarried.B.Hebecomesadoctor.C.He5sjustbecomeafather.

【答案】C

【原文】M:How9smywife?

W:Congratulations!Yourwifegavebirthtoabeautifulbabygirl.

M:ThankGod!Doctor,canIseemywifenow?

W:Sure.She'sabittiredandstressed.Butdon'tworry,sheisingoodhands.

3.Howdoesthewomanfeeltoday?

A.Thesameassheusedtobe.

B.Muchbetterthanbefore.

C.Moreseriousthanbefore.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Howareyoufeelingtoday?

W:Nothingchanged,sir.Theheadacheisprettymuchthesameasbefore.

M:Nowtakethispaperandgotothetestroomfortests.

4.HowwillthewomancontactJohn?

A.Byphone.B.Byemail.C.Inperson.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Hello,thisisMargaretShawspeaking.CanyouputmethroughtoJohnplease?

M:I'msorrybuthehasjustlefttheoffice.Heshouldbeintomorrowifyouwanttocallback.

Wouldyouliketoleaveamessageforhim?

W:No,thafsokay.Iwillemailhiminstead.

5.Whatbehaviordoesthemandislikeatthecinema?

A.Kickingtheseat.B.Leavinghalfway.C.Sendingtexts.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Isthereanybehavioryoudon'tlikeatthemovietheater?

M:Ofcourse.Ican'tstandpeoplesendingtextsduringtheshow.

W:Isee.Andsomepeoplelikekickingthefrontseatorleavinghalfway,whichaffectsmymood.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個

選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽

完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.WhatisthemangoingtodoinParis?

A.Toplaytennis.B.Tohaveaninterview.C.Togotouniversity.

7.Howwillthemangotothestation?

A.Bytrain.B.Bytaxi.C.Bycar.

【答案】6.B7.C

【原文】W:WouldyoulikeagameoftennisnextWednesday?

M:Ican't.I'mafraid.IhavetogotoParis.

W:Whatfor?

M:Ihaveajobinterviewinarecordshop.Youknow,Ineedtoworkthissummertosavesome

moneyformyuniversity.

W:HowareyougettingtoParis?

M:Ihaveabitofaproblem,actually.Mycarisn'tworkingatthemoment.I'mthinkingofgetting

ataxitothestationandthentakingatrain.

W:Don'tworry.Icangiveyoualifttothestationthatday.

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M:Great,thanksalot.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

8.Whathappenedtothewoman'sflight?

A.Itfailedtotakeoffontime.

B.Itwascalledoffwithoutnotice.

C.Itarrivedabouttwohoursearlier.

9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Onaplane.C.Attheairport.

【答案】8.A9.C

【原文】M:Ithoughtyourflightwouldarrivetwohoursago.Whattooksolong?

W:Didn'ttheyannouncethatourflightwasdelayed?

M:Ididn'thearanythingaboutadelay.Ithoughteverythingwasrunningontime.What

happened?

W:Wegotontheplaneontimebutthenwewereheldupforalmosttwohoursduetoanunknown

problem.

M:Thafstoobad.Haveyouhadanythingtoeat?

W:Imanagedtogetasandwichontheplane.Howaboutyou?

M:I'vehadnothingbutacupofcoffee.I'mstarving.Lefsgetoutofhereandfindarestaurant.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

10.Whattypeofphotographydidthewomanstartwith?

A.Streetphotography.B.Fashionphotography.C.Naturephotography.

11.Whydoesthewomanlikestreetphotography?

A.Ifschallenging.B.Ittellsherstory.C.Itdocumentsordinarylife.

12.Whatwillthewomangivetheman?

A.Aphoto.B.Astorybook.C.Amagazine.

【答案】10.c11.C12.A

【原文】M:Mia,how'syourlatesthobby?

W:Thephotographyclassesaregreat.Ican'tgetenoughofthem!I'vebeenpracticingwithevery

chanceIget!

M:Fascinating.What'syourfocusbeen?

W:Iwasinitiallyattractedbylandscapes,flowersandsunsets.ButnowFmintostreet

photography.Shootingtheordinaryaspectsofpeopleandthingsholdsauniqueappeal.

M:Igetit.It'slikerecordinglife,right?

W:Exactly!Everyshottellsastory.It'schallengingsometimesbutit'sagreatwaytoexplorethe

cityandseethedifferentarchitectureandfashion.

M:Tdlovetoseeyourwork.MaybeIcouldlearnsomething.

W:Actually,Ihavesomethingforyou.Itookitlastweekendwhenweweretogether.

M:Wow,Mia...thisisincredible.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。

13.Whattourdoesthemandecidetotaketoday?

A.Athree-hourtour.B.Ahalf-daytour.C.Aone-daytour.

14.Whattimeisitnow?

A.10:00a.m.B.10:30a.m.C.11:00a.m.

15.Whichplacewillthemanvisittomorrow?

A.BuckinghamPalace.B.WestminsterAbbey.C.WindsorCastle.

16.Howmuchdoesthemanpayintotal?

A.￡15.B.￡90.C.￡105.

【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.C

【原文】M:Excuseme,thisismyfirsttimeinLondon.Doyouhaveanyonedaysightseeing

toursaroundLondonavailable?

M:Allofouronedaytoursaredaytripsoutsideofthecity.Wedohaveathree-hourtourthat

visitsBigBen,Buckinghampalace,Westminsterabbeyandsoon.

M:Itsoundsinteresting.Howmuchdoesitcost?

W:Onlyfifteenpoundsandwiththeweatherasgoodastoday,you'llbeabletotakesome

beautifulshotsofthepalace.

M:Soundsgreat.Whendoesitstart?

W:Wehaveoneeveryhouronthehour,whichmeansthenextonewillstartatelevena.m.

M:Okay.SoIstillhavehalfanhourtograbsomething.CanIalsobookaonedaytourfor

tomorrow?IwanttoseemoreofEngland.

W:CertainlywehaveonethatvisitsStonehengeandWindsorcastle.Itcostsninetypoundsand

includesamealatalocalpub.

M:Cool,Tilgoonthatone.

W:Here'syourreservationnumber.HopeyouenjoyyourtimeinEngland.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhatisDrTonytalkingabout?

A.Makingthebestuseoftime.

B.Designingadailystudyschedule.

C.Planningaweeklyschedule.

18.WhatdoesDrTonymentionfirst?

A.Ageneralguideforadailyschedule.

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B.Amountoftimetobespentonstudytime.

C.Thingsabestdailyscheduleshouldinclude.

19.WhatdoesDrTonysuggeststudentsdo?

A.Challengethemselvestofinishmoretasks.

B.Followtheguidelinesallthetime.

C?Suittheirtimetotheirneeds.

20.WhatdoesDrTonythinkofplanningascheduleandkeepingtoit?

A.Itgivespeoplesatisfaction.

B.Ithelpspeoplefinisheachtaskquickly.

C.Itmakespeoplefindcomfortindifficultthings.

【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.A

【原文】

W:Planningaschedulethatincludestimeforstudies,sports,part-timeworkandfreetime

canbeachallenge.TodaywehaveDrTonywithustotalkabouthowtoplanaschedule.

M:Well,thegoodwaytostartistomakeaplanforeachdayoftheweekandthentryto

balanceyourtimesoyoucanincludeeverything.Herearesomeguidelinesthatmayhelpyou.

First,westartwiththetwenty-fourhoursweallhaveineveryday.Ifwetakeouteighthoursfor

oursleeptime,thatleavessixteenhourstodivideamongtheotheractivities.Attendanceatschool

takesaboutsixhoursandhomeworkabouttwo,foratotalofeight.Thatleavesuseighthoursfor

sports,workandfreetime.Remember,thoseguidelinesareflexibleandyoumustadjustthemto

yourparticularneeds.Weekendsaredifferentsincewedon'thavetoattendschool.Herewecan

usuallyfocusoncertainactivitiessuchassportsorpart-timeworkandfreetime.Wecanseeour

friendsandspendmoretimewithourfamily.Ifyoumakeascheduleandtrytokeeptoit,youwill

soondevelopthehabitofdoingeachtaskduringitsplannedtimeandwillbesatisfiedthatyoucan

comfortablydoeverythingyouhavetodo.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Whetheryou'rehikingthroughYellowstoneorcampingintheOzarks,choosingthebest

backpackingstove（爐子）totakewithyoucanmakeabigdifference.Readonforsomeofourtop

picks.SotoWindmaster4Flex

Backpackersloveitsconvenientbuilt-inigniter（點火器），powerfulheatoutput,andfour-pronged

（四管的）potstabilizer,whichprovidesamorestableplatformforcookingthanthree-pronged

stoves.BuyitnowatREI

SoloStoveTitan

TheSoloTitanburnstwigs,pinecones,leaves,andanyotherbiofuelsyoumayfindoutinnature,

offeringasafeandnaturalalternativetoburninggas.TheTitanisconsideredmid-size,idealfor

cookingforseveralpeople.BwyitnowatSoloStove

FireMapleStarX2CookingSystem

Basedonhundredsofreviews,hikerssaythey'reimpressedbythisgas-poweredstove'seasy

setup.TheStarX2alsofeaturesHeatExchangeTechnology,whichthecompanysaysprovides

superiorwind-resistanceindifferentweatherenvironments,helpingtoreduceoverallboil

time.BuyitnowonAmazon

SotoAmicus

Weighingjust2.9ounces,theSotoAmicusiswellknownforitslightweightandattractive

appearance.MultipleAmazonreviewerspraisethisbackpackingstove'seasysetupandfour

integratedpotstabilizers,whichcreateastablebaseforcookinginthewilderness.Bwyitnowon

AmazonorREI

21.Whichstovesuitsyoubestifyouwantaquickmeal?

A.SotoAmicus.B.SoloStoveTitan.

C.SotoWindmaster4Flex.D.FireMapleStarX2CookingSystem.

22.WhatfeaturedoSotoWindmaster4FlexandSotoAmicushaveincommon?

A.Easysetup.B.Windresistance.

C.Relativestability.D.Attractiveappearance.

23.Whatisthetext?

A.Anadventuretravelreport.B.Anoutdoortravelguide.

C.Anadvertisementforfacilities.D.Acookbookforeasymeals.

【答案】21.D22.C23.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種背包式的爐灶。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FireMapleStarX2CookingSystem部分中“TheStarX2alsofeatures

HeatExchangeTechnology,whichthecompanysaysprovidessuperiorwind-resistancein

differentweatherenvironments,helpingtoreduceoverallboiltime.（StarX2還采用了熱交換技

術(shù)，該公司表示，該技術(shù)在不同的天氣環(huán)境下提供了卓越的抗風(fēng)能力，有助于縮短整體煮沸

時間。）”可知，如果你想快速用餐，火楓之星X2烹飪系統(tǒng)這種爐子最適合你。故選D項。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SotoWindmaster4Flex部分中“Backpackersloveitsconvenientbuilt-in

igniter（點火器）,powerfulheatoutput,andfour-pronged（四管的）potstabilizer,whichprovidesa

morestableplatformforcookingthanthree-prongedstoves.（背包客喜歡它方便的內(nèi)置點火器，

強大的熱量輸出，以及四叉鍋穩(wěn)定器，它提供了一個比三叉爐更穩(wěn)定的烹飪平臺。）”和Soto

Amicus部分中“MultipleAmazonreviewerspraisethisbackpackingstove'seasysetupandfour

integratedpotstabilizers,whichcreateastablebaseforcookinginthewilderness.（多名亞馬遜評

論者稱贊這款背包式爐灶安裝方便，還有四個集成的鍋穩(wěn)定器，為野外烹飪創(chuàng)造了一個穩(wěn)定

6

的基礎(chǔ)。）”可知，SotoWindmaster4Flex和SotoAmicus的共同之處是它們都有相對穩(wěn)定性。

故選C項。

23.推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Whetheryou'rehikingthroughYellowstoneorcamping

intheOzarks,choosingthebestbackpackingstove（爐子）totakewithyoucanmakeabig

difference.Readonforsomeofourtoppicks.（無論你是徒步穿越黃石公園還是在奧扎克露營，

選擇最好的背包式的爐子可以帶來很大的不同。請繼續(xù)閱讀我們的一些最佳選擇。）“可知，

本篇文章是一個設(shè)施廣告。故選C項。

B

HodyChildress,afarmerfromGeraldine,Alabama,livedthelast10yearsofhislifewitha

littlesecret.

Inthesmalltownwherehelivedhisentirelife,Childresswantedtohelphiscommunity.He

knewtherewerefamiliesinhishometownthatwerestrugglingfinancially.Soonedayhepulled

hislocalpharmacist（藥齊師），BrookeWalker,tothesideandasked,"Doyouevermeetanybody

whocan'tpayfortheirmedicine?”"Well,yeah,unfortunately,thathappensagoodbit,“Walker

said.SoChildressdonated$100tothelocalpharmacyforanyonewhocouldn'taffordtopayfor

medicineandsaidtoWalker,"Nexttimethathappens,youcanusethis.Don'ttellthemwhereit

camefrom,anddon'ttellmewhoneededit.”

Thisactofgenerositycontinuedfornearly10years,upuntilhisdeathinJanuary2023.And

hisstoryonlycametolightathisfuneral,whenhisdaughter,TaniaNix,wantedtoshowwhat

kindofmanherfatherwas.

Infact,the80-year-oldonlyrevealedhisgenerositytohisdaughterwhenhewasunableto

gettothepharmacyhimself.Heaskedhisdaughtertotakea$100billtothedrugstoreonthefirst

dayofthemonth.Nixcontinuedtodropoffthemoneytothepharmacyanddidn'ttellanybody

aboutwhatherdadwasdoing.

WithherbrotherDoug,Nixshared,"It'sreallyhardforustodecidewhethertoallowthis

storyouttothepublic,butIfeellikeasmalldeed（行為）canturnintoabigdeed-oritcanturn

intosomethingthatgivespeoplehope.Ifitcanencourageanyonetobeabetterpersonandwant

tohelpothers,ifsworthit.”

AccordingtotheBBC,sincethestorywasfirstpublishedbytheWashingtonPost,the

pharmacyhasreceiveddonationsfromalloverthecountry.

24.WhatcanbeinferredfromWalker'swords?

A.Childressoftenfellillandneededtotakemedicine.

B.Childressdonatedmoneytothelocaldrugstore.

C.AllpeopleinGeraldinelivedagoodlife.

D.Manypeoplecouldn'tpayfortheirmedicine.

25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChildress?

A.Honestandbrave.B.Generousandnoble.

C.Humorousandopen-minded.D.Independentandeasy-going.

26.WhatcanweknowaboutNixfromthetext?

A.Shewantedtomakehisfatherfamous.

B.Sheheldadifferentopinionaboutherfather^donation.

C.Shefollowedherfather^exampleandalsodonatedmoney.

D.Shehesitatedaboutthedecisiontospreadherfather^secret.

27.Whatlessoncanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.

C.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.D.Onegooddeedmayleadtoanother.

【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位心地善良且不圖名利的老人默默地捐錢，為

有需要的人支付醫(yī)藥費的故事。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Doyouevermeetanybodywhocan'tpayfortheirmedicine?

（你見過付不起醫(yī)藥費的人嗎？）"和"Well,yeah,unfortunately,thathappensagoodbit（是啊，

不幸的是，這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生）”可知，有很多人付不起醫(yī)藥費。故選D。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“SoChildressdonated$100tothelocalpharmacyforanyone

whocouldn'taffordtopayformedicineandsaidtoWalker,"Nexttimethathappens,youcanuse

this.Don'ttellthemwhereitcamefrom,anddon】tellmewhoneededit."（因止匕，柴爾德里斯向

當(dāng)?shù)氐乃幏烤栀浟?00美元，幫助那些買不起藥的人，并對沃克說：“下次遇到這種情況，

你可以用這個?！辈灰嬖V他們錢是從哪里來的，也不要告訴我是誰需要它J）”可知,Childress

捐錢為生活困難的人付醫(yī)藥費，他是一個慷慨大方的人，而他做好事不留名的做法也表明他

是一個高尚的人。故選B。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"It'sreallyhardforustodecidewhethertoallowthis

storyouttothepublic（我們真的很難決定是否讓這個故事公布于眾）”可推知，對于是否將父

親的善行義舉公之于眾，Nix曾經(jīng)猶豫不決。故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ifeellikeasmalldeed（行為）canturnintoabigdeed

（我覺得一件小事可以變成一件大事）”和最后一段的“sincethestorywasfirstpublishedbythe

WashingtonPost,thepharmacyhasreceiveddonationsfromalloverthecountry.（自從《華盛頓郵

報》首次發(fā)表這篇報道以來，這家藥店收到了來自全國各地的捐款。戶可推知，一件好事會

帶來另一件好事。故選D。

C

Humanscanbepoorjudgesoftheirownability.So,youmightnotbeasgood,orasbad,as

youthinkyouare.Psychologistshavefoundthelessexpertiseyouhaveinsomething,themore

likelyyouaretooverestimateyourcompetenceinit.Andinadigitalerawhereself-assuredsocial

8

mediainfluencersgiveyou"lifetricks”,andface-to-faceconversationismorelimited,this

psychologicalphenomenonseemsimportanttoremember.

ThisconceptiscalledtheDunning-Krugereffect,namedafterthepsychologistsDavid

DunningandJustinKruger.Backinthe90s,theyfoundacorrelationbetweenaperson'slackof

skillsandabilityandalackofawarenessoflackofability.Theyareignoranttotheirown

limitations.Thisplaysoutinvariousareasoflife,suchasinmedicaldiagnosis.Forexample,

DunningtoldBBCRadio4that,onethirdofthetime,doctorsdisagreewithpatientswho

self-diagnoseusinginternetsourcesratherthanseeingamedicalprofessional.Whetherit's

judgingjokes,logicalreasoning,orgrammar,thepatternisthesame:thelessskilledyouare,the

moreover-confidentyouare.

Ontheothersideisintellectualhumility.Thismeanshavingamodestorlowviewofyour

importanceorabilities.ElizabethJ.Krumrei-Mancuso,ProfessorofPsychologyatPepperdine

University,foundthatahigherwillingnesstoacknowedgecognitivelimitations,andtheability

toembracediverseperspectives,areconnectedwithamoreaccurateperceptionofintelligence.

Howcanweusethisknowledgetohelpusineverydaylife?TenellePorter,apsychologist

atRowanUniversity,toldtheBBCthatknowingthis"opensusuptobeingintellectuallyhumble,

toadmittingeverythingthatwedon'tyetknow”.Andcurrentstudiessuggestthatthosewith

higherintellectualhumilityaremoreopentonegotiating,compromisingandexploring

information.

So,embracetheunknownandremember:there9salwaysmoretolearn.

28.Whatpsychologicalphenomenonisdescribedatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Thoseaddictedtosocialmediaareworseatjudgingthemselves.

B.Thosewithlessexpertisearemorelikelytoovervaluethemselves.

C.Thosewithlessknowledgearemorelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialmedia.

D.Thoseaccustomedtomoreface-to-taceconversationtendtobemoreoutgoing.

29.WhatcorrelationdidDunningandKrugerfind?

A.Acorrelationbetweenaperson'sconfidenceandprofession.

B.Acorrelationbetweenaperson'spersonalityandhislimitations.

C.Acorrelationbetweenaperson'shealthconditionandhisdiagnosis.

D.Acorrelationbetweenaperson'scompetenceandhisawarenessofselfability.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromintellectualhumility?

A.Itmeansbeingsensitivetodiverseopinions.

B.Itmeansbeinghumbleaboutself-competence.

C.Itmeansbeingreadytobreakself-limitations.

D.Itmeansbeingconfidentinacceptingdifferentcomments.

31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayTenelleagreewith?

A.Weshouldadmitothers'virtues.

B.Weshouldignoreouradvantages.

C.Weshouldacknowledgeourlimitations.

D.Weshouldcooperateactivelywithothers.

【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹兩個心理學(xué)概念“鄧寧-克魯格效應(yīng)”和“智性謙遜”

來說明為什么我們應(yīng)該了解自身能力的局限性。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Humanscanbepoorjudgesoftheirownability.So,youmight

notbeasgood,orasbad,asyouthinkyouare.Psychologistshavefoundthelessexpertiseyou

haveinsomething,themorelikelyyouaretooverestimateyourcompetenceinit.（人類對自己的

能力判斷得很差。所以，你可能沒有自己想象的那么好，也可能沒有自己想象的那么壞。心

理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，你在某方面的專業(yè)知識越少，你就越有可能高估自己的能力。）”可知，文章開

頭描述了那些缺乏專業(yè)知識的人更有可能高估自己。故選B。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ThisconceptiscalledtheDunning-Krugereffect,namedafter

thepsychologistsDavidDunningandJustinKruger.Backinthe90s,theyfoundacorrelation

betweenaperson'slackofskillsandabilityandalackofawarenessoflackofability.（這個概念

被稱為鄧寧-克魯格效應(yīng)，以心理學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?鄧寧和賈斯汀?克魯格的名字命名。早在上世紀(jì)

90年代，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個人缺乏技能和能力與缺乏能力意識之間的相關(guān)性。）”可知，

DavidDunning和JustinKruger發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人的能力和他對自我能力的認(rèn)識之間是有關(guān)系

的。故選D。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Ontheothersideisintellectualhumility.Thismeanshavinga

modestorlowviewofyourimportanceorabilities.（另一方面是智性謙遜。這意味著對自己的重

要性或能力持謙虛或輕視的態(tài)度。）”可知，智性謙遜意味著對自我能力保持謙遜。故選B。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Howcanweusethisknowledgetohelpusineverydaylife?

TenellePorter,apsychologistatRowanUniversity,toldtheBBCthatknowingthis“opensusup

tobeingintellectuallyhumble,toadmittingeverythingthatwedon'tyetknow^^.Andcurrent

studiessuggestthatthosewithhigherintellectualhumilityaremoreopentonegotiating,

compromisingandexploringinformation.（我們?nèi)绾卫眠@些知識在日常生活中幫助我們呢？

英國羅文大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家TenellePorter告訴BBC,知道這一點“讓我們在智力上變得謙遜,

承認(rèn)我們還不知道的一切”。目前的研究表明，智性謙遜程度較高的人更愿意談判、妥協(xié)和

探索信息。）和最后一段的“So,embracetheunknownandremember:there?salwaysmore

tolearn.（所以，擁抱未知，記住：永遠(yuǎn)有更多的東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。）”可知，Tenelle可能同意我

們應(yīng)該承認(rèn)我們的局限性。故選C。

D

ScientistsfromTuftsUniversityhavedevelopedtinygroupsofhumancellsthatcanmove

10

ontheirown-andinalabexperiment,theseso-called“anthrobots“inspiredsheetsofhuman

neuronstorepairthemselveswhendamaged.Theresearchershopethecollectionsofcellscould

onedaybeusedtotreatdiseasesoraidwithhealinginhumans.

Thestudycomesontheheelsofearlierworkfromoneofitsauthors,whoproducedtiny

robotsbystitchingtogetherfrogembryocells.Theserobots,knownas“xenobots”,could

assemblethemselves,moveacrosssurfacesandtravelthroughliquid.

Sincethey'renotmadefromhumancells,xenobotscan'tbeusedtotreathumans,writes

MatthewHutson,afreelancesciencewriter.Buttheanthrobotsinthenewstudycould

theoretically.Eachanthrobotstartedwithasinglecellfromanadulthumanlung.Itthengrewinto

amulticellularbiobotafterbeingcultured（培養(yǎng)）fortwoweeks.

Theselungcellsarecoveredincilia.Butatthispointintheresearch,theciliaweregrowing

insidetheclumpsofcells.So,forthenextweek,theresearchersgrewthecellsinasolution（溶液）

thatcausedtheciliatofaceoutwardinstead,enablingthesestructurestomovetheanthrobots,

whichcouldmoveintightloops,travelinstraightlinesorwiggleinplace.Theirspeedvariedas

well.

Theresearchersalsotestedhowtheserobotsmighthealwounds.Theymimicked（模擬）a

woundbyscratchingalayerofneuronsinadish.Then,theyintroducedanthrobotstothesiteof

thescratch,andwithindays,theneuronsregrew,bridgingthegapcreatedbythewound.The

findingsshownewstructuresthatmighthaveusesinbiomedicalsettingscanbedeveloped

withoutgeneeditingandwithouthavingtodesignthestructuresmanually,thestudyauthorswrite.

“Unlikexenobots,anthrobotsdon*trequiretoolstogivethemshape,andwecanuseadult

cells-evencellsfromelderlypatients-insteadofembryoniccells,9,saysGizemGumuskaya,the

paper'sleadauthor."Wecanproducetheserobotsinlargeamountsinparallel,whichisagood

startfordevelopingatherapeutictool.”

32.Howaretheadvantagesoftheanthrobothighlightedinthetext?

A.Byshowingcommentsfromusers.B.Byexplainingsometerms.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bylistingthedataofquestionnaires.

33.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theweaknessesoftheanthrobot.B.Thecultureoftheanthrobot.

C.Thestructureoftheanthrobot.D.Theapplicationoftheanthrobot.

34.Whatisthefeatureoftheanthrobot?

A.Itcantravelbothonlandandinwater.B.Itrequiresnogeneticmodification.

C.Itcanbeappliedinacontrolledway.D.Itcandevelopfromanycellsofhumans.

35.Whatcanthestudybenefit?

A.Regenerativemedicine.B.Newmaterials.

C.Environmentalprotection.D.Individualizededucation.

【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了塔夫茨大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)出了一種可以自我移動

的人體細(xì)胞群體——“anthrobots”，并希望這些細(xì)胞群體有朝一日能用于治療疾病或幫助人

體愈合。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ScientistsfromTuftsUniversityhavedevelopedtinygroups

ofhumancellsthatcanmoveontheirown-andinalabexperiment,theseso-called“anthrobots”

inspiredsheetsofhumanneuronstorepairthemselveswhendamaged.^^（塔夫茨大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們

研發(fā)出了一種可以自我移動的人體細(xì)胞群體——anthrobots,在實驗室實驗中，這些所謂的

anthrobots激發(fā)了人類神經(jīng)元的自我修復(fù)能力）和第六段“Unlikexenobots,anthrobotsdon*t

requiretoolstogivethemshape,andwecanuseadultcells-evencellsfromelderly

patients-insteadofembryoniccells,"（與xenobots不同，anthrobots不需要工具來塑造它們的

形狀，我們可以使用成人細(xì)胞——甚至是老年患者的細(xì)胞——而不是胚胎細(xì)胞）可知，文章

通過比較anthrobots和xenobots的不同，突出了anthrobots的優(yōu)點。故選C。

33.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theselungcellsarecoveredincilia.Butatthispointinthe

research,theciliaweregrowinginsidetheclumpsofcells.So,forthenextweek,theresearchers

grewthecellsinasolutionthatcausedtheciliatofaceoutwardinstead,enablingthesestructures

tomovetheanthrobots,whichcouldmoveintightloops,travelinstraightlinesorwiggleinplace.

Theirspeedvariedaswell."（這些肺細(xì)胞被纖毛覆蓋。但在研究的這個階段，纖毛在細(xì)胞團(tuán)

中生長。因此，在接下來的一周，研究人員在一種溶液中培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞，使纖毛向外，使這些結(jié)

構(gòu)能夠移動人類機器人，它們可以在緊密的環(huán)中移動，在直線上移動或在原地擺動。它們的

速度也各不相同。）可知，第四段主要講述