初中定語從句知識點(diǎn)詳解

1/3初中定語從句知識點(diǎn)詳解定語從句考點(diǎn)：①關(guān)系代詞的用法②關(guān)系副詞的用法③關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法●定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫做定語從句。Eg：Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成。Itisthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下。Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼。●先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成分。先行詞可以為一個詞、短語甚至整個句子?！耜P(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于連詞的作用；關(guān)系詞必在從句中充當(dāng)某個句子成分，可為主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語。一、各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別與具體用法：(一)、1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.打碎玻璃的人必須賠償。Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.穿黑夾克的那個小男孩很聰明。2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，若前面有介詞，則不可省略，也不能用that，例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom/who)wemetatthegate？你認(rèn)識我們在門口碰見的那個人嗎？MrLee(whom/who)youwanttoseehascome.你想要見面的李先生到了。ThemantowhomourteacherisspeakingisfromCanada.=ThemanwhoourteacherisspeakingtoisfromCanada.我們老師正在談話的那個男人來自加拿大。3.whose指人，也可指物（擬人化的物），意思是“誰的”，在定語從句中作定語。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.(Thegirl’smotherisill.)那個女生的母親生病了，她今天仍然呆在家。Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.(Theboy’sfatherisaprofessor.)我認(rèn)識那個男孩，他的父親是一名教授。Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.(Thehouse’swindowsfacethesouth.)我居住在一個窗戶朝南的房子里面。4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是一本可以給出單詞釋義的書。Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.這就是昨天老師提到的那本書。5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.我讀了那份刊載著重要消息的報紙。Whoistheboythat/whomIsawthismorning?我早上見到的那個男孩是誰？6.when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起在農(nóng)場工作的時候。HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.他在我離開北京的那天到的北京。7.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.這就是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉哪莻€房子。=Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.=Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父親工作的那個工廠在這個城市的東邊。=Thefactorywhichhisfatherworksinisintheeastofthecity.=Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.8.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語：Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelookssadtoday.我不知道他今天看起來難過的原因。Couldyoupleaseexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你可以解釋下遲到的原因嗎？（二）關(guān)系代詞和冠詞副詞引導(dǎo)的從句有什么區(qū)別？關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：1、關(guān)系副詞在從句中是做狀語，只做狀語，不能做其他的成分。2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。why=forwhichwhere=in/on/at/to···which(介詞同先行詞搭配）when=during/on/in/over···which（介詞從同先行詞搭配）注意：介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略介詞后面不能用that。eg：Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisclear.他拒絕邀請的理由顯而易見。=Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisclear.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.我出生的地方發(fā)生了巨大的變化。=GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasborn.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.我們團(tuán)聚的時刻最終到來了。=Thetimein/duringwhichwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。Eg:BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你來倫敦的時候，我們已經(jīng)在那里待了兩天了。IlikedtheseacitythefirsttimeIwentthere.我第一次來到那個海濱城市就愛上了它。例題一：1、Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which解題思路：此題中，從句是hearrived，它已經(jīng)是一個完整的句子，因此，這里要填一個在從句中充當(dāng)狀語的成分，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都不能做在從句中作狀語，因此排除掉，theday指的是時間，因此，要填上表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。練習(xí)題1：1、Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why2、Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when3.Thisistheplace________Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which4.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich5.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where6.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where7.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where8.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where例題二：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.解題思路：所謂定語從句，就是把兩句話壓縮成一句話，而且，這兩句話肯定輝提到同一個東西，因此，首先要找兩句話都提到了的東西，此題中，兩句話都提到了同一個東西——一個人（theboy,he）這就是共同點(diǎn)，人我們是用who或whom表示，兩句話都是做主語，因此，只能用在從句中作主語的who,不能在從句中做賓語的whom，因此，答案是：Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.練習(xí)題2：將下列兩個句子合并成一個含定于從句的句子。Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.4.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.例題三：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.解題思路：還是找兩句話都提到了的那個共同點(diǎn)，是thehall（it）,在第二句話中init是做定點(diǎn)狀語，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是：Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.=Thisisthehallinwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherday.練習(xí)題3：BeijingHotelisnearTian’anmenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.2、Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.3、Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.4、Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.二、只用that的情況：1.只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是nothing,anything,everything,all,few,little,some,much,none,theone等不定代詞時。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.他所說的一切都是真的。先行詞被only,no,any,all,little,few,much,thesame,thelast等詞修飾時。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.他是唯一一個去過那個地方的外國人。先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.他是第二個告訴我這個秘密的人。先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞：Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.這是我今年讀過的最好的一本書。先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.他聊了他記得的人和事。(6)當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等詞時：Whoisthemanthatissittingthere?坐在那的那個人是誰？Whichisthecoatthatfitsmemost?最適合我的外套是那件？被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時：YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.昨天我抓了兩條魚放進(jìn)了水池，現(xiàn)在你可以看見它倆還活得好好的。如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.愛迪生建立一個工廠生產(chǎn)那些從未見過的東西。主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞，如：Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.角落里還有個座位是空的。被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。That’sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.這是本能給你巨大幫助的好書。Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前的那個鄉(xiāng)村了。練習(xí)題：1. Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who 三、只能用which，不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.會議推遲了，這正是我們所希望的。(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他正談?wù)摰氖虑榉浅Ｖ匾?。在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that，另一個宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary,whichwasnewlyopentous.我給你看看我從新開放的圖書里借來的這本小說。AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.在車站我買了一些可以打發(fā)火車上的時間的雜志，讀完后我還可以把它們傳給其他人看。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時：HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.這是英語語法書，正如我告訴你的那樣，它可以幫助你提高英語。先行詞本身是that，宜用which.What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么？先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.商店應(yīng)該儲存大量暢銷商品。who和that指代人時，有些情況宜用who,而不用that。先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people,theone等時，Eg:ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudiedhardandworkswell.我想要學(xué)習(xí)的那個人不但學(xué)習(xí)勤奮，工作也很努力。Anyonewho/whoeverfailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.任何缺席昨天會議的人都必須給出理由。Thosewhoarenotfittheworkmustleavetheofficeatonce.那些不適合這份工作的人必須立刻離開辦公室。(2)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定于從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人，如：Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.有位先生想要見你。先行詞有較長的短語時：ImetaforeignerattheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.昨天下午在公園里面我遇見了一個中文說得很好的外國人。一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，一個用that,另外一個宜用who：Thestudentthatwaspraisedattheyesterday’smeetingisourmonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.昨天在大會上被表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生是我們的班長，他既謙虛學(xué)習(xí)又勤奮。Heisoneofthemostfamoussingerswhowe’veeverknown.(定語從句修飾singers）他是我們知道的最受歡迎的歌手之一。Heistheoneofthemostfamoussingerswhowe’veeverknown.(定語從句修飾he）他是最受歡迎的歌手當(dāng)中我們熟知的一位。練習(xí)題：1.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、填空題：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1.Istillrememberthenight_________Ifirstcametothehouse.2.I'llneverforgettheday_________wemeteachotherlastweek.3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_________isthebestseasonthere.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_________Ispentwithyourfamily.5.I'llneverforgetthelastday_________wespenttogether.6.Thisistheschool_________Iusedtostudy.7.Doyoustillremembertheplace_________wevisitedlastweek?8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_________wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_________isfamousfortheWestLake?10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,__________liestheWestLake?11.TomwillgotoShanghai,__________livehistwobrothers.12.IliveinBeijing,__________isthecapitalofChina.13.Therewasatime__________therewereslavesintheUSA.14.Itisthethirdtime__________youhavemadethesamemistake.15.Thisistheverynovelabout__________we'vetalkedsomuch.16.Whoisthestudent___________waslateforschooltoday?17.Who__________knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?18.Helivesintheroom__________windowfacestothesouth.19.Thisisthehour___________theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.20.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace__________youmayspendyourweekend.二、單選題1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof__________youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.those2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatWe’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.whoagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything__________toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs20.“Howdoyoulikethebook?”“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatMr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22.Antarctic______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich23.Maythefourthistheday________