2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 模擬練習(xí)（含解析）

Passage1

Lotsofpeopledislikerats.Theyslidearoundsewers（下水道）.Theygetinthe

garbage.Theycanspreaddisease.Itcanbedifficulttoseetheirvalue-otherthanas

ananimalmodelforstudyinghumanillnesses.Butratshavemoretoshare.

WhenthefirstEuropeanscametoVirginia,blackratstookarideintheirships.

TheywentontolivewiththeEuropeansandoftenbuiltnestsinthewallsofpeople's

homes.Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers.Theyshowwhatspecific

materialstheearlysettlersused,whichhelpshistoriansfindoutwhattheycouldmake

andproduceforthemselves-andwhattheyhadtoimportfromacrosstheocean.

Inrats,DNA"reallytellsastoryaboutthepeople,"saysEmilyPuckett,who

studieshowaspecies5DNAdiffersacrossitsrange.Anotherspecies-thebrownrat

canhelptellalargestoryabouthowpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds.

BrownratswereoriginallyfromEasternChinaandMongolia.Puckett9sDNAsamples

haveshownthatthebrownratspreadsouthandeastfromthere,toIndiaandalmost

everywhereelse.TheDNAinitsbonescouldhelpdeterminewheretheratscame

from-andwhichcitiesmighthavebeenlinked.

AttheUniversityofYorkinEngland,DavidOrtonstudiesanimalsthatlivedwith

ancienthumans.Usually,whenhistoriansfindremainsofanancientcity,theywantto

digandfindmore."Thetroubleisthatmostofthetime,theancientcitiestendtobe

underneathmoderncities/Ortonsays."Andyoucan9tjustgoanddigthewholething

up."Butyoucanfollowtherats.Ratsare"verydependentonhumansfortheirfood

suppliesandfortheirshelter,"heexplains.

Theseratshavegivenusanewappreciation.nItisfascinatingtothinkthatthese

littlecreaturesarestealingthingsandthatnowwe'resafeguardingthemtomakea

study,"MaureenElgersmanLee,ahistorian,says.

IWhatdohistoriansprobablylearnfromthenestofrats?

A.Theappearanceoftheirnests.

B.Thefamilymembers9occupations.

C.Thelivingconditionsofearlysettlers.

D.Theprocessoftheirfoodtransportation.

2Whycanthebrownrathelptellalargestory?

A.BecauseitoriginatedfromEasternChina.

B.BecauseitsDNAreflecteditsspreadingexperience.

C.Becauseitenjoyedtravellingaroundtheglobe.

D.Becauseitsboneswerefullofinformationofcities.

3WhatdoDavidOrton9swordsmean?

A.Humansofferedfoodandsheltertorats.

B.Historianscouldstudytheancientcitybydigging.

C.Theancientcitiesweremostlylocatedabovemodemones.

D.Ratscouldofferacluetolearningthesizeofancientcities.

4Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.RatsDifferinDifferentRegions

B.RatsChangePeople'sAttitude

C.RatsRevealtheHistoryofUs

D.RatsDependonHumansforLiving

Passage2

OneChinesestartuphasapparentlydevelopedtechnologythatallowsittoidentify

individualsbytheirwalk,eveniftheirfaceiscoveredortheyhavetheirbacktothe

camera.

Knownasngaitrecognition0,thetechnologyinventedbyartificialintelligence

startupWatrixanalysesthousandsofmetrics（指標）aboutaperson9swalk,fromtheir

bodyshapeandtheangleofarmmovementtotheirpostureandwhethertheyhavea

toe-inortoe-outgait.Alltheseindividualfeaturesgointoadatabasethatthesoftware

thengoesthroughwhenattemptingtoidentifypeople.Accordingtoanofficial

statementfromWatrix,theaccuracyrateofgaittechnologyatthelaboratorylevel

exceeds96percent.

Facialrecognitiontechnologyhascomealongwayinrecentyears,butitstillhas

afundamentalweakness——itneedsto"see"people'sfacesinordertoidentifythem,so

ifsomeone'sfaceiscoveredoriftheirbackistothecamera,it'sbasicallyuseless.Gait

recognition,ontheotherhand,ismuchmorereliable.Itworksfromvirtuallyanyangle,

andbecauseitanalysessomanymetrics,itcanidentifysubjectseveniftheyattemptto

covertheirlegs.Disguises（偽裝物）orfakelimpsarenotveryeffectiveinfoolingthe

technologyeither.

"Coveringyourlegswouldreducetherecognitionscorebutweanalyseallofa

person9sbody/HuangYongzhen,co-fbunderandchiefexecutiveofWatrix,saidinan

interview."Withfacialrecognitionpeopleneedtolookintoacamera——cooperationis

notneededforthemtoberecognizedbyourtechnology."

WatrixrevealedthefirstversionoftheirgaitrecognitiontechnologyinOctober,

2018andhassincebeenintalkswithsecuritycompaniesfromSingapore,India,Russia,

theNetherlandsandtheCzechRepublicforcontracts.Thetechnologyhasalsobeen

testedbypublicsecurityofficialsforthousandsofhoursandusedtosolvedozensof

policecases.AuthoritiesinShanghaiandBeijingarealreadyusinggaitrecognitionto

detectwantedcriminalsandidentifyjaywalkers（舌L穿馬路的人）.

Thecurrentversionofgaitrecognitionsoftwareisn'tyetcapableofdetecting

peopleinrealtime,buttheChinesestartupclaimsthatit'sabletoanalyseanhour's

worthofvideofootageinjust10minutes,withover94%accuracy.

IHowcouldWatrixguaranteetheaccuracyof"gaitrecognition"?

A.Bycheckingtheangleofpeople'sarmmovement.

B.Bycombiningfacialrecognitionwithpeople'swalk.

C.Bysettingupadatabaseofnumerousindividuals9metrics.

D.Byanalysingthousandsoffeaturesofpeople'slegsandtoes.

2Whatadvantagedoesgaittechnologyhaveoverfacialrecognition?

A.Unlimitedangles.B.Freegestures.

C.Noneedtocover.D.Activecooperation.

3Whatcanwelearnfromthefifthparagraph?

A.Watrixhasfoundseveralcooperativepartnersforitsfirstversion.

B.Gaitrecognitionhasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldofpublicsecurity.

C.WatrixistryingtoextendtheuseofthetechnologyinChinesebigcities.

D.Gaittechnologyhasbeenprovedbeneficialinidentifyingwantedcriminals.

4Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefutureofthetechnology?

A.Challenging.B.Promising.C.Profitable.D.Unknown.

Passage3

Adietrichinfruitandvegetablesandincorporatingadailyglassofwinecan

protectthebrainagainstdementia（癡呆），astudysuggests.Stickingcloselyto

Mediterraneaneatinghabits,whichalsoincludeplentyofnuts,seafood,wholegrains

andoliveoil,hasbeenlinkedtoa23percentlowerriskofdementia.

Basedondatagatheredon60,000peopleviatheUKBiobank,amedicaldatabase

setupin2006,theresearchersscoredparticipants9dietsforhowcloselytheymatched

theidealMediterraneandietontwoscales.

Usingone,thosewhoseeatinghabitswerethebestmatchwere23percentless

likelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhosedietsleastfitthepattern.Adietwitha

perfectscorewouldinvolvemorethanfourtablespoonsofoliveoil,atleasttwo

portionsofvegetablesandthreeoffruitperdayaswellasaglassofwine.Itwouldalso

includeatleastthreeservingsoflegumes,90gramsofnuts,andthreeservingsoffish

orshellfishaweek.Theidealdietwouldalsoinvolveverylittleredorprocessedmeat,

avoidingtoomanysweeteneddrinks,butter,margarineorcream.

Thesecondscaleusedsimilarcriteriaandaclosematchonthatwaslinkedtoa14

percentlowerriskofdementia.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine.

appearedtoshowanprotectiveeffectregardlessofsomeone'sgeneticrisk".

DrSusanMitchellofAlzheimer'sResearchUK,said,"Thereisawealthof

evidencethateatingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelpreducetheriskofcognitive

decline.Buttheevidenceforspecificdietsismuchlessclear-cut."Shepointedoutthat

thestudyonlydrewondatafrompeoplewithwhite,BritishorIrishancestry.Shesaid,

"Whiletherearenosurefire（一定成功的）waystopreventdementiayet,adietrichin

fruitandvegetables,alongwithplentyofexerciseandnotsmoking,allcontributeto

goodhearthealth,whichinturnhelpstoprotectourbrainfromdiseasesthatleadto

dementia."

IWhatdidthestudyfindout?

A.Anewwaytocureadisease.

B.Apopulardiettokeepbalance.

C.Amedicaldatabasetodoresearch.

D.Apossiblestrategytoreducetheriskofdementia.

2Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?

A.Bymakingcomparison.B.Bypresentingtheprocess.

C.Byconsultingotherstudies.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

3WhatdoesSusanMitchellthinkofthestudy?

Alt'sevident.B.Ifslimited.

C.Ifspractical.D.Ifspromising.

4Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

Passage4

AnimportantlifelessonthatI'vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.It

hasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectations

ofretirementandaging.

Runningisametaphor（隱喻）forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathon

tocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademe

embarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.

Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmore

easilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.

Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.Findingarhythmisnotabout

efficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatI

decidetodoatthisstageinmylife.

Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrong

runner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleat

certainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteron

howleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofa

grandmother.

Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit'seasytoview

retirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks（基準）tobemet.Weoftenmake

whatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.Ifsacomparisontrap.

Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushould

runat.Runinyourownway.It'snotbetterorworse一onlydifferent.

IWhatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?

A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.

C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.

2Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?

A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.

C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.

3Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?

A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbad

occupations.

C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoung

peoplestronger.

4Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?

A.Retirementcan'tstopoldpeople'sdreams.

B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.

C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.

D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.

Passage5

Kindnessisseenasatruestrength,andthesuccessofcivilizationsrelieson

kindness.Weteachchildrenfromayoungageto"bekindtooneanother"and"treat

othersthewayyouwanttobetreated".Beingkindisevenshowntobegoodforwell-

being.AccordingtoMayoClinic,whenweperformactsofkindness,thepleasure

centerinourbrainisactivated,releasingthestress-reducinghormone（激素）.

Individualswhovolunteeronaregularbasisreportgreaterlifesatisfaction.Thatsaid,

considerthefollowingquestion:Couldkindnesseverbeconsideredharmfultouswhen

ithassuchclearbenefits?Lefsthinkaboutthisassumingweareintheworkplace.

Youareanewpersonontheteam,andyouwanttobewell-likedandrespectedby

yourco-workers.Youareakindpersonandtellyourteam,"LetmeknowhowIcan

helpyou;I'malwaysavailabletohelp."Thoughyoumaytrulymeanthis,thereare

peopleinthisworldwhocanconsideryourkindnessasweaknessunfortunately.This

canleadtoyoubeingtakenadvantageofbyothers.

Let'sfast-forwardtoayearlater.Youhavebeeninyourpositionnowforoneyear,

andyouareworkingwiththesameteam.Younoticethatyourco-workerscontinue

askingforyoursuccoroverandoveragain.Infact,theonlytimetheyinteractwithyou

iswhentheyneedsomething.Youhavebeenalwaysatyourco-workers9serviceand

therehasrarelybeenanyreturnfromthem.Imaginethelevelofdiscouragementyou're

feeling!

Inaverybroadsense,itisadvantageoustobekindtoothers,andyourkindacts

willbeappreciatedand,perhaps,payoff.However,youneedtobewillingtosay"no".

Whenpeopleaskyouforafavor,assessifyouhavethetime,energyandattentionto

givehelptothem.Totrulybekind,sometimesyouneedtobemorecomfortabletosay

"no"toothersandsay"yes"toyourself

IWhyisMayoClinicmentioned?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofkindness.

B.Toexplainthereasonsforbeingkind.

C.Toshowthepositiveeffectofkindness.

D.Toassessthecurrentkindnesseducation.

2Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"succor"inparagraph3?

A.Comfbrt.B.Company.C.Interaction.D.Assistance.

3Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginthelastparagraph?

A.Findingthebestwaytorefuseothers.B.Beingalittlemoreself-focused.

C.Beinggratefulforothers9kindgestures.D.Acknowledgingyoureffortsand

sacrifices.

4Whatisthetextmainlydiscussing?

A.Arewehurtingourselveswithkindness?

B.Whyarerandomactsofkindnessimportant?

C.Isthepowerofkindnessatworkundervalued?

D.Howcanshowingkindnesspromotewell-being?

Passage6

InmyAncienttoMedievalLiteratureclass,mystudentscelebrateandarewalking

onairwhentheygettothelastbookoftheterm,becauseit'snotapoetrybookbuta

prose（散文）one.Butifsnotjustmystudentswhodon'tenjoypoetry-fewadultsfind

themselvesdesiringaneveningwithit.Mostpeoplecomplainthatpoetryistoodifficult

tounderstandornotaccessibleenough.ButIthinkit'sdeeperthanthat.

Nowadays,wehavebecomesocaughtupintheshallowbustle（喧鬧）oftheworld,

senselessinourshortsightedness,self-satisfiedwithoursuccessandproudofour

productivity.Ourdaysarefilledwith"busy"becausebeingbusyiseasy.Todoten

thingsinfivehoursiseasy;todoonethingforfivehoursisdifficult.Webecomeunable

tooccupyourselveswithlisteningtoabird'smorningsongorspendanhourstaying

aloneindeepandfreethought.Wehavelosttheminer'sskillsindigging.We'vejust

contentedourselvesinshallowwaters.

Manypeoplethinkthere9snopayoffinreadingpoetry.Itjustdoesn'tfitintothe

fast-paced,shallow,productivity-drivenculture.Readingpoetrydoestakework,but

theworkisrewarding:asonewrestleswithapoem-readingitaloud,readingitsilently,

readingitoverandoveragain-themeaningandbeautysurfacefromitwithclarity.

Onceweexplorethedepthsofpoetry,we'llrealizeithasreachedourownsoul.And

aswelearnthispracticeinreadingpoetry,welearnthispracticeinreadinglife.

Asachildwelearnedtocrawl（爬），thenwalk,andthenrun.Andweneverstop

running.Butperhaps,ifwetakeabreakfrombeing"productive"andlookupfromour

plans,wemightseethewarmsunshineandhearbirdssingingasdescribedinpoems.

Poetrymakesamanhimselfagainwhenheflashesasmilebecauseofthesebeautiful

scenes.

IHowdothestudentsfeelabouttheproselearning?

A.Surprised.B.Unsatisfied.C.Excited.D.Disappointed.

2Whatarepeoplenowadayslikeintheauthor9seyes?

A.Theyareproudoftheirshortsightedness.B.Theysufferterriblyfromthebusy

lifestyle.

C.Theyareseparatedfromthesurroundings.D.Theylosetheabilitytothink

deeplyaboutthings.

3Whatcanbeinferredaboutpoetryandlifefromparagraph3?

A.Ittakeshardworktotrulyunderstandlife.

B.Lifeisimprovedbytheexistenceofpoetry.

C.Learningpoetryisapracticeofself-reflection.

D.Readingpoetrybeginswithadesireforareward.

4Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?

A.Readingpoetryisactuallyagradualprocess.

B.Apositiveattitudetolifebringsgoodfortune.

C.Peopleshouldstoptoenjoythebeautyoflife.

D.Productivityislessimportantthanagoodplan.

Passage7

WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudly

replied,"Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.nButthiskindofresponsemisses

thepoint.

Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone"hasanaccent"isthat

theiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromour

own.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnily

enough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itisthe

regulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon't

hearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it'spointlesstopoint

outthatsomeone"hasanaccent".Wealldo!

Everypersonspeaksadialect(方言)，too.Inthefieldofthelanguagestudy,a

dialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,

phrasesandwords.Forinstance,"Yougoteatornot?"(meaning"Haveyoueaten?")is

anacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.Thefactthatthis

expressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn't

meanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis"wrong"or"ungrammatical".Thesentenceiswell-

formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers9

solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseifsdifferent?

Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects一forthe

benefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople's

culturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinct

partofone'sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehind

theirspeech.We'dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongthe

way.

IWhatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends9responseinparagraph1?

A.Itreflectstheirself-confidence.B.Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.

C.Itmissesthepointofcommunication.D.Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents.

2WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?

A.Tojustifytheuseofdialects.

B.Toshowthediversityofdialects.

C.Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.

D.Tohighlightatraditionalapproach.

3Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelastparagraph?

A.Leamtospeakwithourlocaldialect.

B.Seekforanofficialdefinitionofaccents.

C.Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects.

D.Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers9.

4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.EveryoneHasanAccentB.AccentsEnhanceOurIdentities

C.DialectsLeadtoMisunderstandingD.StandardEnglishIsatRisk

Passage8

You'veheardanoldChinesesayingbefore:Giveamanafishandyoufeedhim

foraday;teachamantofishandyoufeedhimforalifetime.Youmayevenbenodding

yourheadinagreementrightnow.However,wecanhaveadifferentunderstandingof

it.

Whenapersonisstarving,that9snotthetimetofilltheirheadwithknowledgebut

tofirstgivethepersonafish-eradicatingtheirhunger-andonlythenteachthemto

fish.Fartoooften,peopleignorethiscommon-sensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewho

isstruggling,andtheyrushtoofferwisdom."LetmetellyouwhatI'ddoinyour

position/awell-meaningindividualmightoffer.

Butfewofusunderstandtheanxiety,confusionanduncertaintythatcomewith

overwhelmingneed.Peoplemeetingwithpersonaldisastersdon'thavetheabilityto

thinkstraight.Theirnervesmaybeshot.Theirconfidencemaybenon-existent.Can

youimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeinthatperson'ssituation?

Rushingtoofferastrugglingpersonlong-termadviceisawasteoftime.Instead,

itmakesfarmoresensetohelpthemregaintheiremotionalbalance.Oncetheirears,

heartandmindopen,you'llhaveanopportunitytoteachanewskill.

Buthowdoweknowwhetherapersonneedsafishbeforeafishinglesson?Two

things:Oneistheabilitytopayattention.Weneedtoknowwhetherthepersonisopen

andreceptive,orlookingattheworldwithnarrowedeyes.Youcan9tjusttaketheir

wordsbuthavetolookathowthepersonactsandwhattheydon'tsay.Theotheris

empathy（共情）.Themoresuccessfulyouare,theharderitistoimaginewhatitmustbe

liketobetheopposite.Trytocreateasafeenvironmentforemotionalacceptancebefore

thefishinglesson.

IWhatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toillustrateaconcept.B.Tobringinanewviewpoint.

C.Tointroducethebackground.D.Toputupanexample.

2Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eradicating"meaninParagraph2?

A.Gettingridof.B.Payingattentionto.

C.Makingupfor.D.Puttingupwith.

3Whatshouldwedofirstforthoseindisasters?

A.Getthemtothinkstraight.B.Enhancetheirconfidence.

C.Satisfytheirprimaryneeds.D.Teachthemanewskill.

4Whichdoestheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Liveandlearn.B.Neverteachafishtoswim.

C.Putyourselfinothers1shoes.D.Don'tteachanolddognewtricks.

Passage9

Aroundtheworld,riversseemtobeeitherfloodingorshrinking.WhilePakistan's

rivershaveleftone-thirdofthatcountryfloodedandmillionsofpeoplewithouthomes,

adrought（旱災(zāi)）unseenfor500yearshasleftEurope9smajorwaterwaysalmostdry.In

theUnitedStates,theKentuckyRiversuffereddeadlyfloodingthissummer,whilethe

ColoradoRiverdroppedsharply,whichbroughtaboutwaterdistributioncutsacross

severalstates.

Thereislittledisagreementaboutwhafsgoingon:Scientistshavewarnedforyears

thatourchangingclimatewillcausethefrequencyofbothrainfallanddroughtsto

increase,makingthewetwetterandthedrydrier,withevermoreextremeimpactson

rivers.Thequestionnowmaybehowtomanagethosewaterwaysaffectedbyclimate

changeand,specifically,whatroledamsshouldorshouldnotplayinrelievingthe

disasterswe'vebeenseeinglatelyandwillseemoreof.

Advocatessaywaterstoragedamswillbecomemoresignificantwhichcanstop

waterduringfloodingandallowitoutintimesofdroughts.Dams,theysay,canhelp

relieveclimatechangebyproducingcleanhydropower（水電）."Damsandhydropower

arefundamentaltoclimatereliefandadaptation/*saysRichardTaylor,aleading

hydropowerexpert.

Notso,counteropinionsclaimdamsdomoreharmthangood.Theirarguments

havelongcenteredonthenegativeimpactmostdamshaveonbiodiversityandriver

ecosystems,andincreasingdatashowthatdamsactuallyworsenbothfloodsand

droughts.Theyalsopointoutstudieshaveshownthatlakescreatedbydamsoften

producefarmoreharmfulgreenhousegasesthanpeoplepreviouslyunderstood."Dams

arethoughttobeaclimatesolution/saysIsabellaWinkler,whoco-leadsInternational

Rivers,aU.S.-basedadvocacygroup."Theyhavebeenpraisedasasourceofgreen

energybuttheyareactuallynot."Besides,scientistswarnthatmanyexistingdamsuse

operatingrulesbasedonoldclimateassumptions.Newdams,expertsagree,mustbe

builtfortheworstcases.

IHowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?

A.Byexplainingreasons.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bydescribingadisaster.D.Byintroducingsomefindings.

2Whathasbeenalong-existingconcerntoscientists?

A.Buildingdamsdestroystheecosystem.B.Naturaldisastersoccurmore

frequently.

C.Waterwaysareinterribleconditionwidely.D.Climatechangeworsensnatural

disasters.

3What9sIsabellaWinkler'sattitudetowardsbuildingdams?

A.Opposed.B.Uncertain.C.Favorable.D.Mixed.

4Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Whataccountsforthedifferenceinrainfall?

B.Ishydropowerreallyenvironmentallyfriendly?

C.Isbuildingdamsthewaytofightclimatechange?

D.Whoistoblamefortheincreasingnaturaldisasters?

【解析】老鼠除了可以作為研究人類疾病的動物模型之外，它還有其他的一些研究價值:可

以為了解古代城市的大小提供線索,可以揭示我們的歷史。

1.C理解具體信息根據(jù)第二段的"Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers"可

知，這些老鼠窩充滿了早期定居者的信息。由此可知，歷史學(xué)家可能會從老鼠窩中了解到早期

定居者的生活條件。故選C項。

2.B理解具體信息根據(jù)第三段的"Inrats,DNA...thebrownratcanhelptellalargestoryabout

howpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds"可知,Puckett說,在老鼠身上,DNA”確實講述

了一個關(guān)于人的故事”。Puckett發(fā)現(xiàn)，另一個物種一褐家鼠可以幫助講述人類是如何在全球

范圍內(nèi)擴散的大故事。由此可知，褐家鼠可以幫助講述一個大故事，因為它的DNA反映了它

的擴散經(jīng)歷。故選B項。

3.D推斷明題意:本題問"DavidOrton的話是什么意思?"一尋線索:根據(jù)第四段中David

Orton說的話可知，大多數(shù)時候，古城往往位于現(xiàn)代城市的下面。你不能直接把整個東西都挖

出來。但是你可以跟著老鼠一定答案:由此可推知,DavidOrton的話的意思是老鼠可以為了解

古代城市的大小提供線索。故選D項。

4.C理解主旨要義（標題判斷）通讀全文可知，本文介紹了老鼠除了可以作為研究人類疾病

的動物模型之外，它還有其他的一些研究價值:可以為了解古代城市的大小提供線索，可以揭

示我們的歷史。故選C項。

【二次精讀】

核心單詞:slidev.（使）滑行，滑動remainsn,古代遺物，遺跡，遺址dependentadj.依賴的

難句分析:Theyshowwhatspecificmaterialstheearlysettlersused,

(what_

非限制性定語從句賓語從句1

ocean）.

賓語從句2

譯文:它們展示了早期定居者使用的具體材料，這有助于歷史學(xué)家了解他們可以為自己制造和

生產(chǎn)什么,以及他們必須從大洋彼岸進口什么。

【解析】本文主要介紹了一家中國初創(chuàng)公司W(wǎng)atrix開發(fā)出了步態(tài)識別技術(shù)。

1.C理解具體信息根據(jù)第二段中的"thetechnology...analysesthousandsofmetrics（指

標）...Alltheseindividualfeaturesgointoadatabasethatthesoftwarethengoesthroughwhen

attemptingtoidentifypeople"可知，這項技術(shù)分析了數(shù)千個關(guān)于一個人走路的指標，從他們的體

型、手臂運動的角度到他們的姿勢，以及他們是腳趾向內(nèi)還是腳趾向外的步態(tài)。所有這些個

人特征都會進入一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，在試圖識別人時，軟件會通過數(shù)據(jù)庫進行識別。也就是說,Watrix

通過建立一個包含眾多個人指標的數(shù)據(jù)庫來保證"步態(tài)識別”的準確性，故選C。

2.A理解具體信息根據(jù)第三段的"Gaitrecognition,ontheotherhand,ismuchmorereliable.

Itworksfromvirtuallyanyangle,andbecauseitanalysessomanymetrics,itcanidentifysubjects

eveniftheyattempttocovertheirlegs"可知，步態(tài)識別從幾乎任何角度進行工作,因為它分析了

如此多的指標，即使實驗對象試圖遮住他們的腿，它也能識別出實驗對象。由此可知，與人臉識

別相比，步態(tài)識別技術(shù)的優(yōu)點是無識別角度限制，故選A。

3.D推斷根據(jù)第五段中的"Thetechnologyhasalsobeentestedbypublicsecurityofficialsfor

thousandsofhoursandu