新教材2024年高中英語綜合質(zhì)量檢測新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

綜合質(zhì)量檢測第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoesthemansayabouttheshirt？AA．It'smadeofcotton.B．It'sexpensive.C．Itfeelssoft.2．Whydoesthemanwearsunglasses？BA．Hewantstomakehimselflookcool.B．Hehassomephysicalproblems.C．Hethinksittoosunnyoutside.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout？CA．Atrip.B．Adish.C．Arestaurant.4．Wherearethespeakers？BA．Inacar. B．Onaplane.C．Onabus.5．Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie？AA．Unsatisfying.B．Good.C．Interesting.其次節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Howmanytimesdoesthemanwashhishairaweek？CA．Fivetimes.B．Sixtimes.C．Seventimes.7．Whatkindofliquidsoapdoesthemanprefertobuy？AA．Theonethatisworththemoney.B．Theonethathasaprettybottle.C．Theonethatiswelladvertised.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Howdidthegirlfindoutherschoolwasclosed？BA．Fromtheradio.B．Fromaclassmate.C．FromtheInternet.9．Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo？CA．Stayathome.B．Studymathtogether.C．Haveasnowballfight.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatcolorflowerwilltheplanthave？BA．Red. B．Pink.C．Purple.11．Whenshouldthemanputtheflowerinthegarden？CA．Inspring.B．Insummer.C．Inautumn.12．Howmuchwillthemanpayfortheplant？CA．$30. B．$10.C．$8.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatkindofplaceisthewomanlookingfor？AA．Ahouse. B．Aflat.C．Aroom.14．Howdoesthewomanwanttogotouniversity？BA．Bycar.B．Onfoot.C．Bybus.15．Whydoesn'tthewomanchoosethefirstplace？BA．It'stoofar.B．It'ssmall.C．It'stooexpensive.16．Whatwillthemandonext？AA．Givethewomananaddress.B．Takethewomantoseeaplace.C．Showthewomanaroundagarden.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Wheredidthewomanworkfirstaftergraduation？AA．InSpain.B．InItaly.C．InBritain.18．Howdidthewomanfindherfirstjobinhercompany？CA．Sheappliedforthejobadvertisedinthenewspaper.B．Shefilledoutthejobapplicationformonline.C．Shewrotetothecompanydirectly.19．Whendidthewomanbecomethemanager'sassistantafterjoiningthecompany？BA．Twomonthslater.B．Fourmonthslater.C．Oneyearlater.20．Whatisthewomanresponsiblefor？CA．Designingguidebooks.B．Givingtalks.C．Advertising.聽力原文：Text1W：Whatalovelyshirt！Well,itfeelssosoft.Whatisitmadeof?M：Idon'tknow.Ithinkit'sjustcotton.Mywifeboughtityesterday.It'scoolbutnotveryexpensive.Text2W：Whyhaveyougotyoursunglasseson？It'snotthatsunnyoutside.M：Iknow,it'squitecooltoday,butI'vegotaterribleheadacheandmyeyeshurtinthelight.Text3W：John,lookatthisadforthenewrestaurantinGarstangRoad.Whydon'twego?M：TheRoebuckInn？Ohyes,thatwouldbenice.I'veheardtheydodelicioussteakandchickendishesthere.W：Andtheyalsohavefreshfishspecials.M：Hey,maybewecaninviteyoursistertoo!Text4W：Theaircraftistakingoffinafewminutes.Whyhaven'tyoufastenedyourseatbelt?M：I'mhavingahardtimewithit.Ican'ttightenit.Text5W：Howdidyoulikethemovielastnight?M：Notmuch,tobehonest.Ijustwishthestoryhadbeenhalfasgoodasthephotography.W：Yeah,thestorylineisreallyboring.Text6W：Goodmorning.We'redoingasurveyonshoppingchoices.Wouldyoumindansweringafewquickquestions?M：Oh！Allright.W：Canyoutellmewhetheryouwashyourhairsixtimesaweek,fivetimesaweekorless?M：Usually,everyday.W：Doyoualwaysbuythesamebrandofliquidsoap?M：Um...Itendtobuyadifferentoneeachtime.W：Soareyouinfluencedbytheshapeofthebottleorthepublicity?M：IthinkIusuallygoforvalueformoney—Idon'ttakemuchnoticeoftheadvertisingorwhatthebottlelookslike.W：Thankyouverymuch.Text7W：Hey,Jack—guesswhat？Theschool'sclosedtodaybecauseoftheheavysnow!M：Areyousure?W：Ofcourse.Marcusinourclasscalledmejustnow.Hesaiditwasannouncedontheradioat6：30thismorning.I'vehadalookontheInternetandthey'reclosinglotsofschoolsintheareabecauseofthedangeroftravelingbyroad.M：ThatmeansIdon'tneedtostudymath！ButIdon'twanttostayathomeallday.Whydon'twegetaloadofpeopletogetherforabigsnowballfight?W：Goodidea!Text8W：WelcometoYorkGardenCenter！HowcanIhelpyou?M：I'mlookingforaplantformymum'sbirthday.What'sthisonecalled?W：SweetWilliam.ItsnamecomesfromthewriterWilliamShakespeare.M：That'sinteresting.Whatcolorwilltheflowerbeonthisone?W：Thistypeispink.Buttherearealsotypesofredandpurple.M：Good.Whenwilltheflowercomeout?W：Everyspring.Thenyouneedtocutitbeforethesummer,soitcanreturnnextyear.M：OK.WhenshouldIputitoutside?W：Well,it'sAugustnow.WaituntilSeptembertoputitinthegarden.M：Howtallwillwillitgrow?W：It'sonly10centimeterstallnow,butintwoorthreeyearsitwillbe30centimeterstall.Leavespaceforit!M：I'dliketobuyit.Howmuchisit?W：Thenormalpriceis$10butit'sonly$8thisweekendbecausewehaveaspecialdiscount.M：Great.Text9M：Goodmorning.W：Goodmorning.I'mlookingforaplacetorentneartheuniversity.M：Whatareyouafter？Ahouse，aflat,oraroom?W：Preferablyahouse.Therearethreeofuslookingaltogether.Wethoughtwemightshareifwecouldfindsomethingsuitable.M：Sosomethingneartheuniversity?W：Yes.We'reallstudentssoit'dbegoodifwecouldfindsomethingwithinwalkingdistanceoftheuniversity.Noneofushasacarandwedon'twanttohavetotakeabus.M：Isee.Well,there'satwo-bedroomhouseinNewtownwhichisquitecheap.W：That'dbegoodbecauseit'snotfarfromtheuniversity,butifweallwantourownroomsitisn'tbigenough.Gotanythingelse?M：Whataboutthisthree-bedroomflat,closetotheuniversity.It's$400aweek.W：Oh,that'stooexpensive.M：Alright,well...here'ssomethingthatmightinterestyou.It'sathree-bedroomhousewithagarden.W：Notbotheredaboutthegarden,butwhereisit?M：Neartheairport.W：That'smilesfromtheuniversity.M：Yes,it'squitefar,butit'sonly$200aweek.W：Well，I'dliketohavealook.Givemetheaddress.M:OK.Text10M：Sylvia,tellussomethingabouthowyougotyourfirstjob?W：Mymaininteresthasalwaysbeentravel.AfterIleftuniversityIspentayearasanEnglishteacherinSpain,followedbysixmonthsasatourguideinItaly.WhenIreturnedtoEnglandIappliedforloadsofjobsadvertisedinthenewspaperorontheInternet,butIdidn'thaveanysuccess.SoIdecidedtomakealistofeverycompanyIwantedtoworkforandwritetothemdirectly.M：Goodadvicetoanyone，Ithink.W：Yes,andIwasveryluckyasthecompanyWorldTravelneededanassistantintheirofficeinLondon.Obviously,Iwashighlyqualified.Thenthemanager'sassistantannouncedshewasleavingafteronlybeingwiththecompanyforayear,andIappliedforherjob.Thecompanyencouragestheirstafftoapplyforhigher-leveljobs,andIwaspromotedfourmonthsafterjoining.AndnowI'vebeenworkinginthepositionfortwomonths.M：Whatdoesthejobinclude?W：Well,I'veenlargedtherolesinceItookiton.I'minchargeofalltheadvertisingwheneverwecanpublishanewguidebookandIarrangeforotherstogivetalkstopeopleinthetravelindustry.其次部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AVolunteeringactivitiesWebsiteManagerCountriesserved:TheUnitedStatesofAmericaUpdateandmanagethewebsiteasneeded.Thereisextremeflexibilityinthisvolunteeropportunitysotheindividualneedswillvarydependingonwherethepersonlives，howmuchtimetheyhavetogive，andwhatresourcestheyhaveavailabletothemsuchasacomputerorcellphone.Thiscanbedoneelectronically，online&remotely.Notravelisneeded.Thiscanallbedoneremotely.Requiredskills:Websitedevelopment，managementStudentServiceLearningCountriesserved:Guatemala，PanamaStudentswillhavetheopportunitytotraveltoGuatemalaorPanamaovertheirschoolbreaks!Volunteerswilltakepartinthecompletionofbuildingaprimaryschoolandwillattendthededicationceremony(落成典禮)withthelocals.Fromhere，studentswillalsohavetheopportunitytotakepartinvariousculturaltrips，learningaboutGuatemalan，PanamanianandMayanhistoryandculture!Mostofthecostgoestowardsthefirstyearofprogramming(teachertraining，parenttraining，books，etc.)forthecommunity.Requiredskills:AsPanamaandGuatemalaareSpanishspeakingcountries，anySpanishskillswilladdthatmuchmoretotheexperience!CommunityHealthInternCountriesserved:KenyaScreenandsurveythestudentsabouthealthneeds(especiallythegirls)．Developprogramsforhealtheducationandprovisionofhealthneeds.Potentiallyruncommunityeducationprogramsandassesssanitationinthehomesofstudentsandeducatetheirguardians.Wewillworkwithyouonexpenses.Thereisahotelnearby.Requiredskills:PreferGraduate-LevelCommunityHealthtrainingorequivalentexperienceTranslationSpanish-EnglishCountriesserved:MexicoThevolunteerwillworktogetherwiththeareasofcommunication，fundraising，direction.Itwillhelptotranslatereports，socialnetworkmessagesandothers.Norelatedcosts.Thevolunteeringisonlinewithflexiblearrangementofhours.Requiredskills:Professionalism，teamwork，communicationskills文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)適合青少年的志愿者活動(dòng)，包括服務(wù)的國家、內(nèi)容和技能要求等狀況。21．Whichactivityissuitableforacomputerlover？AA．VolunteeringactivitiesWebsiteManager.B．StudentServiceLearning.C．CommunityHealthIntern.D．TranslationSpanish-English.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一部分VolunteeringactivitiesWebsiteManager下的描述“Updateandmanagethewebsiteasneeded.(依據(jù)須要更新和管理網(wǎng)站。)”可知，這份志愿者工作與電腦網(wǎng)站有關(guān)，而其他幾項(xiàng)工作與電腦無關(guān)。故選A。22．WhatwillvolunteersdoiftheyjoininStudentServiceLearning？CA．Holdadedicationceremony.B．Dosomeparenttraining.C．Helpbuildaprimaryschool.D．TeachlocalkidsaboutMayanculture.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次部分StudentServiceLearning中的描述“Volunteerswilltakepartinthecompletionofbuildingaprimaryschool(志愿者將參與一所小學(xué)的建成)”可知，志愿者在這份工作中，將參與幫助建設(shè)當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰W(xué)。故選C。23．Whatdoactivity1andactivity4haveincommon？BA．Volunteerswilldoalotoftraveling.B．Volunteershaveaflexibleworkingtime.C．Volunteersneedgoodcommunicationskills.D．Volunteersneedprofessionalwebknowledge.解析：推理推斷題。結(jié)合第一部分VolunteeringactivitiesWebsiteManager的描述“Updateandmanagethewebsiteasneeded.Thereisextremeflexibilityinthisvolunteeropportunitysotheindividualneedswillvarydependingonwherethepersonlives(依據(jù)須要更新和管理網(wǎng)站。這個(gè)志愿機(jī)會(huì)特別敏捷，因此個(gè)人的需求將依據(jù)個(gè)人居住的地方而有所不同)”和最終一部分TranslationSpanish-English的描述“Norelatedcosts.Thevolunteeringisonlinewithflexiblearrangementofhours.(無相關(guān)成本。志愿活動(dòng)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行，時(shí)間支配敏捷。)”可知，這兩份工作都是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上進(jìn)行。由此推知，參與活動(dòng)一和活動(dòng)四的志愿者的工作時(shí)間很敏捷。故選B。BKincaidlookedathiswatch:eightseventeen.Thetruckstartedthesecondtry，andhebackedup，shiftedgears(擋)，andmovedslowlydownthealleyunderthehazysun.ThroughthestreetsofBellinghamhewent，headingsouthonWashington11，runningalongthecoastofPugetSoundforafewmiles，andthenfollowingthehighwayasitswungeastalittlebeforemeetingU．S.Route20.Turningintothesun，hebeganthelong，windingdrivethroughtheCascades.Helikedthiscountryandfeltimpressed，stoppingnowandthentomakenotesaboutinterestingpossibilitiesoffutureexpeditionsortoshootwhathecalled“memorysnapshots(快照)”．Thepurposeofthesecasualphotographswastoremindhimofplaceshemightwanttovisitagainandapproachmoreseriously.InlateafternoonheturnednorthatSpokane，pickingupU．S.Route2，whichwouldtakehimhalfwayacrossthenorthernUnitedStatestoDuluth，Minnesota.Hewishedforthethousandthtimeinhislifethathehadadog，agoldenretriever(金毛尋回犬)，maybe，fortravelslikethisandkeepinghimcompanyathome.Buthewasfrequentlyaway—overseasmuchofthetimeanditwouldnotbefairtotheanimal.Still，hethoughtaboutitanyway.Inafewyearshewouldbegettingtoooldforthehardfieldwork.“Imustgetadogthen，”hesaidtohimself.Driveslikethisalwaysputhimintoasentimentalmood.Thedogwaspartofit.RobertKincaidwasaloneasit'spossibletobe—anonlychildwithparentsbothdead，distantrelativeswhohadlosttrackofhimandwhohealsolosttrackof，andnoclosefriends.HethoughtaboutMarian.Shehadlefthimnineyearsagoafterfiveyearsofmarriage.Hewasfifty-twonow，whichwouldmakeherjustunderforty.Marianhaddreamedofbecomingamusician—afolksinger.SheknewallofTheWeavers'songsandsangthemprettywellinthecoffeehouseofSeattle.Whenhewashomeintheolddays，hedrovehertotheshowsandsatintheaudiencewhileshesang.Hislongabsences—twoorthreemonthssometimes—werehardonthemarriage.Heknewthat.Shewasawareofwhathedidwhentheydecidedtogetmarried，andbothofthemhadavague(模糊的)sensethatitcouldallbehandledsomehow.WhenhecamefromphotographingastoryinIceland，shewasgone.Thenoteread，“Robert，itdidn'tworkout.IleftyoutheHarmonyguitar.Stayintouch.”Hedidn'tstayintouch.Neitherdidshe.HesignedthedivorcepaperswhentheyarrivedayearlaterandcaughtaplanetoAustraliathenextday.Shehadaskedfornothingexceptherfreedom.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了Kincaid自駕旅行的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及他在旅途中對(duì)自身往事的回憶。24．Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage？BA．Kincaid'sparentsweredeadandheonlykeptintouchwithsomedistantrelatives.B．Kincaidwouldhavehadadogifhehadn'tbeenawayfromhometoooften.C．Kincaidusedtohaveagoldenretriever.D．Kincaidneededadogindoinghishardfieldwork.解析：推理推斷題。從第三段中的“Hewishedforthethousandthtimeinhislifethathehadadog”可知，Kincaid一生中多數(shù)次希望自己可以有一條狗；以及“Buthewasfrequentlyaway—overseasmuchofthetimeanditwouldnotbefairtotheanimal.”可知，他常常離開，大部分時(shí)間在海外，這對(duì)動(dòng)物來說不公允。所以假如不是常常離家，Kincaid會(huì)養(yǎng)狗。故選B。25．WhydidKincaidstoptotakephotoswhiledriving？BA．Towrite“memorysnapshots”．B．Toremindhimselfofplaceshemightwanttovisitagain.C．Toavoidforgettingthewayback.D．Toshootthebeautifulsceneryalongtheroad.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從其次段中的“Thepurposeofthesecausalphotographswastoremindhimofplaceshemightwanttovisitagain...”可知，Kincaid停下來去拍這些照片的目的是提示自己那些他可能還想再去的地方。故選B。26．WhatcanyouknowaboutMarian？DA．Shediedafterfiveyearsofmarriage.B．ShewasolderthanKincaid.C．Shecouldsingverywellandearnedbigmoney.D．Shewasnotaprofessionalpopsinger.解析：推理推斷題。從第五段中的“Marianhaddreamedofbecomingamusician—afolksinger.”可知，Marian幻想成為一名音樂家——一名民歌歌手。所以她不是專業(yè)的流行歌手。故選D。27．WecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethatC.A．MarianknewwhatwouldhappenbeforeshemarriedKincaidB．KincaidthoughthisabsenceswouldbeaproblemwhenhemarriedMarianC．MariancouldnotstandKincaid'sabsencesandlefthimD．a(chǎn)fterMarianleftKincaid，theystillkeptintouchwitheachother解析：推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段“Hislongabsences—twoorthreemonthssometimes—werehardonthemarriage.”可知，Kincaid長時(shí)間不在，有時(shí)候是兩到三個(gè)月，對(duì)婚姻而言是很難的。由倒數(shù)其次段“WhenhecamefromphotographingastoryinIceland，shewasgone.”可知，當(dāng)他從冰島拍完照片回來的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)離開了。所以Marian不能忍受Kincaid的長期離家，從而離開了他。故選C。C(2024·1月浙江卷)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess，itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit'stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking，readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat'swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.文章大意：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序。28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph？BA．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在舊金山的一場公開辯論中，一個(gè)名為ProjectDebater的軟件程序擊敗了它的人類對(duì)手，其中包括以色列前全國辯論冠軍NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聰慧。故選B。29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto？CA．Arguments. B．Doubts.C．Errors. D．Differences.解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(盡管ProjectDebater很聰慧，但它也有一些弱點(diǎn)。它從文檔庫和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類不會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫無疑問會(huì)被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)被訂正，被解決”，畫線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯(cuò)誤”，和errors意思相近。故選C。30．WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond？BA．Createrules.B．Comprehendmeaning.C．Talkfluently.D．Identifydifficultwords.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意義的問題，而意義是區(qū)分最不聰慧的人類和最聰慧的機(jī)器的關(guān)鍵。計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)用符號(hào)。它的程序指定了一組將一串符號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為另一串符號(hào)的規(guī)則。但它并沒有詳細(xì)說明這些符號(hào)的含義。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)來說，意義是無關(guān)緊要的。)”可知，依據(jù)Hammond的說法，ProjectDebater不能理解意義。故選B。31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？AA．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意義的產(chǎn)生是通過社會(huì)互動(dòng)的過程，而不是計(jì)算的過程，這種互動(dòng)塑造了我們頭腦中符號(hào)的內(nèi)容。給予意義的規(guī)則不僅存在于我們的頭腦中，也存在于社會(huì)之外，存在于社會(huì)記憶、社會(huì)習(xí)俗和社會(huì)關(guān)系中。)”可知，從最終一段我們能了解到社會(huì)互動(dòng)是理解符號(hào)的關(guān)鍵。故選A。D(2024·新高考卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers？Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”，weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對(duì)齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution，”saidStevenMoran，amemberoftheresearchteam.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。介紹人類語音的演化與人類的飲食改變之間的關(guān)聯(lián)探討。32．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi'sresearchfocuson？DA．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution.C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是“DamiánBlasi的探討集中在人類語音的哪個(gè)方面？”，通讀全文尤其是其次段內(nèi)容可知，DamiánBlasi的探討集中在語音的發(fā)展。故選D。33．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals？CA．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是“為什么古代成年人很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音？”，依據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位到文章的第三段。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，他們發(fā)覺古代成人的上下門牙是對(duì)齊的，很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，而唇齒音由下唇接觸上牙產(chǎn)生。之后，我們下巴的結(jié)構(gòu)變成了覆咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，這讓我們更簡單產(chǎn)生這樣的聲音。由此可推知，他們的下巴構(gòu)造使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C。34．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout？AA．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.解析：推理推斷題。題干問的是“第五段主要講解并描述了什么？”，依據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位到文章的第五段。由第五段內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證明，新石器時(shí)代之后，國際語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的改變。第五段主要列出一些可以使探討結(jié)果更令人信服的證據(jù)。故選A。35．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds？CA．Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是“StevenMoran對(duì)人類語音有什么看法？”，依據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位到文章的最終一段。StevenMoran認(rèn)為：自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們運(yùn)用的語音不確定保持穩(wěn)定，今日我們發(fā)覺的各種語音都是像生物改變和文化進(jìn)化等事物相互作用的產(chǎn)物。由此可推知，它是一個(gè)困難的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostpeopleactuallydonotknowhowtodobasicfirstaidonmildburns.Itisnormallytakenforgrantedthatsoaking(浸泡)theburnwithwateristhewaytogo.36.BOncetheburnappearsyouwillsurelyfeelmuchpainontheactualburnedskin.Technically，thisisthetimetostaycalm.37.FFindingasourceofrunningwaterisrecommended.However，ifthereisnone，anysourcewilldo.Ifthereisrunningwater，simplyplacetheburnedareaunderitandallowittosoakinthewaterforabout5to10minutes.38.GIfyouhaveaccesstoiceoracoldcompress(冷敷布)，youcanusethataswell.Youcanplacetheiceorcoldcompressontheaffectedareaandleaveitthereabout15to30minutes.Theicewillnumbthepainandwillalsostopmoreinjuriesontheskin.Aftersoakinginwaterorcoolingtheareawithice，removefromthewatersourceandallowthemoisturetodrynaturally.Youmayalsoconsiderpattingitdrywithatowelornapkin;however，thiscoulddamagetheburntskinevenmore.39.CAssoonastheareadriescompletely，getabandageorastripofcloth.40.DThiswillprotectthatareafrominfectioncausedbyoutsidedirtanddustgettingintotheopenburn.A．Callingadoctormayaswellhelpinmostburncases.B．Thethingisthattreatingamildburngoesmorethanjustsoakingtheaffectedpartinwater.C．Itisbesttodryitnaturallyinstead.D．Wrapitaroundtheburntocovertheopenareaofskin.E．Thetruthisthatsoakingisthelastthingtodotodealwithmildburns.F．Thefirstthingyouneedtodoisfindacleanwatersource.G．Thiswillrelievesomeofthepain，cooldowntheskin，andstopadditionalburning.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。燒傷是我們常常遇到的損害，那么如何來正確處理燒傷呢？首先要對(duì)燒傷處進(jìn)行降溫，清水沖洗或者冷凍，然后要做必要的包扎，防止感染。解析：36.上文提到“Itisnormallytakenforgrantedthatsoaking(浸泡)theburnwithwateristhewaytogo.”人們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為把燒傷處用水浸泡是正確的方法，故B項(xiàng)(問題是處理稍微的燒傷不僅僅是把受傷的部分浸泡在水中。)切題。故選B。37.下文提到“Findingasourceofrunningwaterisrecommended.”建議找尋流淌水源，故F項(xiàng)(你要做的第一件事是找到清潔的水源。)切題。故選F。38.上文提到“Ifthereisrunningwater，simplyplacetheburnedareaunderitandallowittosoakinthewaterforabout5to10minutes.”假如有流淌的水，把燒傷的地方放在下面沖洗，在水中浸泡5到10分鐘，故G項(xiàng)(這會(huì)減輕苦痛、冷卻皮膚、防止燒傷加重。)切題。故選G。39.上文提到“Youmayalsoconsiderpattingitdrywithatowelornapkin;however，thiscoulddamagetheburntskinevenmore.”你也可以考慮用毛巾或餐巾把它擦干，然而，這可能會(huì)對(duì)燒傷的皮膚造成更大的損害，故C項(xiàng)(最好的方法是自然干燥。)切題。故選C。40.上文提到“Assoonastheareadriescompletely，getabandageorastripofcloth.”一旦皮膚完全干燥，就找塊繃帶或布條，故D項(xiàng)(將其包袱在燒傷處，以覆蓋皮膚的開放區(qū)域。)切題。故選D。第三部分：語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Edmondwasaschoolbusdriverfor22years.Onemorning，therainpouringdown，heandthebusmonitorValentinewerecalledto41.Castudentwhomissedthebus.What42.Athemwasthatthestudentdidn'tturnupwhentheyreachedthespecifiedplace.EdmondandValentinedidn'texpecttheyhadalarger43.Dtoachieve.Justaroundthecorner，theyfoundtwochildren44.Cintherushingfloodwaters.Theboyandthegirlwerestrugglingtoholdontoa45.Atoavoidbeingsweptaway.EdmondandValentinecouldn't46.Btosavethem，butneithercouldswim.Jumpingintoactionmeantputtingtheirown47.Aontheline.Sincethebuswasforspecialneeds'children，itwas48.Dwithremovableseatbelts.Theygota(n)49.B.Immediatelytheytiedtheseatbeltstogethersoasto50.Cthechildren.Closebyneighborsadditionallygothereto51.A，andthegroupmadecombinedeffortsto52.Ctheboyandthegirlfromthetree.Theycreatedahumanchainand53.AthetiedbeltsoutuntilEdmondgotafirmholdonthechildrenandpulle