專題23 短文填空 首字母填空 2024年中考英語真題分類匯編

專題23短文填空考點1首字母填空（2024·天津·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時的)shelterstop1themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote2forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos3forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda4toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu5theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(樹皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc6theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg7intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma8formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef9andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel10thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).（2024·山東東營·中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Bearwasbusymakingpies.Whenhewokeupinspring,hewouldneedthem.“Ohno!”criedBear.“Theberries(莓)haverunout.Imustpicksomemore.”Bearwenttofindmoreberries.Hewalkedtillhisfootached,buthedidn’tfindanyberriesn11hishome.Sohedecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttolookforberries.Ashewalkedalong,hefeltveryh12.Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.Asbewalked,BearmetbisfriendRaccoon.“Doyouhavesayberriesforme?”askedBear.“Sorry,butIcang13yousomeapples.”saidRaccoon.“Yourapplesaretoosour.”saidBear.SoonBearmetSquirrel.“Doyouhaveanyberriesforme?”askedBear.“No,”saidSquirrel.“ButIhavesomewalnuts(核桃).Youcanhavesome.”“Thankyou.”saidBear.“ButIdonotw14walnutsinmypies.Iwillkeepsearchingforberries.”Afteralotofeffort,Bearrealizedthattherewerenoberriesleft.Suddenly,snowbegantofall.Bearracedhome.Thenhejumpedintobed.B15hecouldnotsleep.Hewassohungry.“Ohdear.”saidBear.Iwillhavetoeatmypies.Butifso,Iwillhaven16forspring.Bearwastoohungrytoworryaboutit.Heateupallthepiesu17hefeltfullatlast.Soonhewasfastasleep.Bearsleptformanymonths.Springcame.Bearw18up.Hewasvery,veryhungry.Justthen,RaccoonandSquirrelcame.Theywereeachholdingapie.“Thosepiessmelldelicious.”saidBear.“Oh.Idon’tthinkyouwouldlikemysourapplepie.”saidRaccoon.“AndIamsureyouwouldn’tlikemywalnutpie.”saidSquirrel.WhenBearopenedhismouthtospeak,RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’sm19.“Yum,thisisgood!”criedBear.SquirrelgaveBearsomewalnutpie.“Wow,walnutpieisgreat,t20,”saidBear.“Aren’tyougladweeducatedyouaboutpies?”saidSquirrel.“Iam.”Bearsaid.“Mynextpieswillhavenewfillings(餡).”（2024·江蘇連云港·中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個完整正確的單詞。Communityconnectsuswitheachother.Acommunityisap21wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.It’sjustlikeaschool,wheres22helpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunityh23oneanother,too.Peopleinacommunityhavedifferentskills.Theyoftenhelpneighborss24allkindsofproblems.Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell.Thed25andnurseswillmakethemfeelbetter.Therearealsosomeengineers.Theymayhelppeoplef26theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines.Whenpeopledon’tknowwhattoweartoapartyorhowtodesigntheirhomes,theartistswillgivethemsomea27.Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheirs28time.Theyoftendosomecleaningfortheoldpeopleandhelpstudentswiththeirh29.Communityisnotabuildingoranorganization.Itislikeabigf30.Membersofacommunityhaveasenseoftrust,safetyandcaringforeachother.（2024·江蘇揚州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）Eventhoughmygrandfatherwasafarmer,mygrandmotherwouldironhisworkclotheseveryday.Grandmothermixedupherownstarch(淀粉漿)inaglassb31withametalcapthathadseveralholes.ShesprinkledGrandfather’sjeanswiththestarch,hungthemoverachairforafewminutes,andtheni32them.BecauseIwatchedherdothisthroughmychildhood,Ithoughteveryoldwomandidit.Butastheyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthisp33.WhydidGrandfatherneedhisworkclothesironed?Mostdays,heneversawanyoneb34meandmaybeafewotherfarmers.Theclothesbecamedirtyinjustashorttime.WhydidGrandmothers35devotetimeandefforttoironingGrandfather’sclothesthatwererarelyseen?OnedaywhenIwasabout13,IaskedGrandmotheraboutit.ShetoldmeGrandfatherwasthemosthandsomemanintheworld.Laterthatday,Ilookedc36atGrandfather.Hesuredidn’tlooksohandsometome.Hewasshortandfatwithfalseteeth(假牙).LaterItoldhermythought.Shegavemeagirlishsmileandsaid,“Youjustaren’tlookingintherightlight,Cathy.Irememberwhenhehadr37teeth.HehasthemostbeautifuleyesIhaveeverseen.Theyaree38thesamecolorastheskyjustbeforethesungoesdown.Iwanttheworldtoseemyh39asthemostbeautifulman.Iwanthimtofeelbeautiful.Iironhisclotheseverydaybecauseforalltheseyears,hehasmademefeelbeautiful.”Theyearswenton,andIwatchedGrandmotherandGrandfathergrowoldtogether.Iwasprobably30whenIu40whatbeautyreallywas.ItwasGrandmotherironingGrandfather’sjeanswithstarchfromaglassbottle.專題23短文填空考點1首字母填空（2024·天津·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時的)shelterstop1themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote2forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos3forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda4toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu5theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(樹皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc6theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg7intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma8formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef9andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel10thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).【答案】1．(p)rotect2．(e)asy3．(s)earch4．(a)nything5．(u)ntil6．(c)over7．(g)rew8．(a)nimals9．(f)armers10．(l)arger【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹“穴居人”的生活。1．句意：這些“家”只是用作臨時庇護(hù)所，保護(hù)他們免受陽光、雨水和森林里的野生動物的侵害。根據(jù)“These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時的)shelterstop...

themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.”可知，這些“家”保護(hù)他們免受陽光、雨水和森林里的野生動物的侵害，protect“保護(hù)”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動詞原形，故填(p)rotect。2．句意：這些“穴居人”通常生活在小群體中，生活對他們來說并不容易。根據(jù)“These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote...forthem.”可知，生活對他們來說并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表語，故填(e)asy。3．句意：他們不得不從一個地方搬到另一個地方尋找食物。根據(jù)“Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos...forfood.”可知，他們不得不搬家尋找食物，searchfor“尋找”符合語境，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動詞原形，故填(s)earch。4．句意：當(dāng)他們找不到吃的東西時，他們會離開去找另一個合適的地方。根據(jù)“Whentheycouldn’tfinda...toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.”可知，找不到吃的東西時就會搬家，anything“任何東西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。5．句意：他們吃生的食物，直到學(xué)會如何生火。根據(jù)“Theyateraw(生的)foodu...theylearnthowtomakeafire.”可知，直到學(xué)會如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合語境，故填(u)ntil。6．句意：至于衣服，他們只用樹皮或獸皮來遮蓋身體。根據(jù)“theyusedonlythebark(樹皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc...theirbodies”可知，他們只用樹皮或獸皮來遮蓋身體，cover“遮蓋”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動詞原形，故填(c)over。7．句意：他們收集了生長在森林中的野生植物的種子。根據(jù)“Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg...intheforests.”可知，收集生長在森林中的野生植物的種子，grow“生長”，時態(tài)是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填(g)rew。8．句意：他們還飼養(yǎng)牛、羊和其他種類的農(nóng)場動物，以獲取牛奶、肉和皮。根據(jù)“Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma...formilk,meatandskins.”可知，飼養(yǎng)牛、羊和其他種類的農(nóng)場動物，animal“動物”，“otherkindsof”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填(a)nimals。9．句意：他們成了農(nóng)民，只住在一個特定的地區(qū)。根據(jù)“Theybecamef...andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.”可知，他們成了農(nóng)民，farmer“農(nóng)民”，主語“They”是復(fù)數(shù)，故填(f)armers。10．句意：他們的群體變得比以前更大，因為他們的生活更加穩(wěn)定。根據(jù)“Theirgroupsbecamel...thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.”可知，他們的群體變得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表語，故填(l)arger。（2024·山東東營·中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Bearwasbusymakingpies.Whenhewokeupinspring,hewouldneedthem.“Ohno!”criedBear.“Theberries(莓)haverunout.Imustpicksomemore.”Bearwenttofindmoreberries.Hewalkedtillhisfootached,buthedidn’tfindanyberriesn11hishome.Sohedecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttolookforberries.Ashewalkedalong,hefeltveryh12.Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.Asbewalked,BearmetbisfriendRaccoon.“Doyouhavesayberriesforme?”askedBear.“Sorry,butIcang13yousomeapples.”saidRaccoon.“Yourapplesaretoosour.”saidBear.SoonBearmetSquirrel.“Doyouhaveanyberriesforme?”askedBear.“No,”saidSquirrel.“ButIhavesomewalnuts(核桃).Youcanhavesome.”“Thankyou.”saidBear.“ButIdonotw14walnutsinmypies.Iwillkeepsearchingforberries.”Afteralotofeffort,Bearrealizedthattherewerenoberriesleft.Suddenly,snowbegantofall.Bearracedhome.Thenhejumpedintobed.B15hecouldnotsleep.Hewassohungry.“Ohdear.”saidBear.Iwillhavetoeatmypies.Butifso,Iwillhaven16forspring.Bearwastoohungrytoworryaboutit.Heateupallthepiesu17hefeltfullatlast.Soonhewasfastasleep.Bearsleptformanymonths.Springcame.Bearw18up.Hewasvery,veryhungry.Justthen,RaccoonandSquirrelcame.Theywereeachholdingapie.“Thosepiessmelldelicious.”saidBear.“Oh.Idon’tthinkyouwouldlikemysourapplepie.”saidRaccoon.“AndIamsureyouwouldn’tlikemywalnutpie.”saidSquirrel.WhenBearopenedhismouthtospeak,RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’sm19.“Yum,thisisgood!”criedBear.SquirrelgaveBearsomewalnutpie.“Wow,walnutpieisgreat,t20,”saidBear.“Aren’tyougladweeducatedyouaboutpies?”saidSquirrel.“Iam.”Bearsaid.“Mynextpieswillhavenewfillings(餡).”【答案】11．(n)ear12．(h)ungry13．(g)ive14．(w)ant15．(B)ut16．(n)othing17．(u)ntil18．(w)oke19．(m)outh20．(t)oo【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了熊忙著做餡餅，但是不小心在冬眠前把它們吃光了，最后朋友們帶來新口味的餡餅，這讓他感到滿足和感激。11．句意：他一直走到腳痛，但在家附近沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何漿果。根據(jù)“didn’tfindanyberries...hishome”可知在他家附近沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)漿果，near“在附近”。故填(n)ear。12．句意：他邊走邊覺得很餓。根據(jù)“Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.”可知他什么都沒吃，所以很餓，hungry“餓的”。故填(h)ungry。13．句意：我可以給你一些蘋果。根據(jù)“yousomeapples”可知是給你一些蘋果，give“給”，情態(tài)動詞后加動詞原形。故填(g)ive。14．句意：但我不想在餡餅里放核桃。根據(jù)“ButIdonot...walnutsinmypies”可知是不想在餡餅里放核桃，want“想要”，助動詞donot后加動詞原形。故填(w)ant。15．句意：但是他睡不著。此處和前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but連接。故填(B)ut。16．句意：但如果這樣的話，我將度過一個一無所有的春天。根據(jù)“Iwillhavetoeatmypies”可知如果把餡餅吃了，春天就什么也沒有了，nothing“沒有什么”。故填(n)othing。17．句意：他把所有的餡餅都吃光了，直到他終于覺得飽了為止。根據(jù)“Heateupallthepies...hefeltfullatlast.”可知是吃完了所有的餡餅，直到他吃飽了，until“直到”。故填(u)ntil。18．句意：熊醒了。根據(jù)“Bearsleptformanymonths.”可知他從冬眠中醒來，wakeup“醒來”，句子用一般過去時，動詞用過去式。故填(w)oke。19．句意：浣熊往熊的嘴里塞了一些蘋果餡餅。根據(jù)“RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’s...”可知是在嘴巴里放一些蘋果餡餅，mouth“嘴巴”，此處用名詞單數(shù)形式，指熊的嘴巴。故填(m)outh。20．句意：核桃餡餅也很棒。根據(jù)“walnutpieisgreat”可知核桃餡餅也很美味，肯定句句尾用too。故填(t)oo。（2024·江蘇連云港·中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個完整正確的單詞。Communityconnectsuswitheachother.Acommunityisap21wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.It’sjustlikeaschool,wheres22helpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunityh23oneanother,too.Peopleinacommunityhavedifferentskills.Theyoftenhelpneighborss24allkindsofproblems.Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell.Thed25andnurseswillmakethemfeelbetter.Therearealsosomeengineers.Theymayhelppeoplef26theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines.Whenpeopledon’tknowwhattoweartoapartyorhowtodesigntheirhomes,theartistswillgivethemsomea27.Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheirs28time.Theyoftendosomecleaningfortheoldpeopleandhelpstudentswiththeirh29.Communityisnotabuildingoranorganization.Itislikeabigf30.Membersofacommunityhaveasenseoftrust,safetyandcaringforeachother.【答案】21．(p)lace22．(s)tudents23．(h)elp24．(s)olve25．(d)octors26．(f)ix27．(a)dvice28．(s)pare29．(h)omework30．(f)amily【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了社區(qū)將人們緊密聯(lián)系在一起，社區(qū)的人們互助友愛，就像一個大家庭。21．句意：社區(qū)是人們一起生活、工作和娛樂的地方。根據(jù)首字母及“Acommunityisa…wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.”可知，社區(qū)是人們生活、工作和娛樂的地方。place“地方”，名詞，冠詞a后用其單數(shù)形式。故填(p)lace。22．句意：這就像一所學(xué)校，學(xué)生們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)首字母及“It’sjustlikeaschool”可知，社區(qū)像一所學(xué)校，學(xué)生們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)。student“學(xué)生”，名詞，help是動詞原形，故名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填(s)tudents。23．句意：社區(qū)里的人也會互相幫助。根據(jù)首字母及“…h(huán)elpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunity…oneanother,too.”可知，此處指社區(qū)中的人們互相幫助。help“幫助”，動詞。時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用其原形。故填(h)elp。24．句意：他們經(jīng)常幫助鄰居解決各種各樣的問題。根據(jù)首字母及“allkindsofproblems”可知，此處指解決問題。solve“解決”，動詞。helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”，動詞用其原形。故填(s)olve。25．句意：醫(yī)生和護(hù)士會讓他們感覺好些。根據(jù)首字母及“Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell”可知，人們感到不舒服時，醫(yī)生和護(hù)士會讓他們感覺好些。doctor“醫(yī)生”，可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。故填(d)octors。26．句意：他們可以幫助人們修理壞了的自行車或洗衣機(jī)。根據(jù)首字母及“theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines”可知，此處指修理壞了的自行車或洗衣機(jī)。fix“修理”，動詞。helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”，動詞用其原形。故填(f)ix。27．句意：當(dāng)人們不知道穿什么去參加聚會或如何設(shè)計他們的家時，藝術(shù)家會給他們一些建議。根據(jù)首字母及“theartistswillgivethemsome…”可知，此處指藝術(shù)家會給出建議。advice“建議”，不可數(shù)名詞，作動詞賓語。故填(a)dvice。28．句意：一些大學(xué)生在業(yè)余時間做志愿者。根據(jù)首字母及“Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheir…time.”可知，此處指大學(xué)生在業(yè)余時間做志愿者。spare“空閑的”，形容詞，作定語修飾名詞time。故填(s)pare。29．句意：他們經(jīng)常為老人打掃衛(wèi)生，幫助學(xué)生做作業(yè)。根據(jù)首字母及“andhelpstudentswiththeir…”可知，此處指大學(xué)生會幫助學(xué)生們做作業(yè)。homework“作業(yè)”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填(h)omework。30．句意：它就像一個大家庭。根據(jù)首字母及“Itislikeabig…”可知，此處指社區(qū)就像一個大家庭。family“家庭”，可數(shù)名詞，被a修飾，用其單數(shù)形式。故填(f)amily。（2024·江蘇揚州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）Eventhoughmygrandfatherwasafarmer,mygrandmotherwouldironhisworkclotheseveryday.Grandmothermixedupherownstarch(淀粉漿)inaglassb31withametalcapthathadseveralholes.ShesprinkledGrandfather’sjeanswiththestarch,hungthemoverachairforafewminutes,andtheni32them.BecauseIwatchedherdothisthroughmychildhood,Ithoughteveryoldwomandidit.Butastheyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthisp33.WhydidGrandfatherneedhisworkclothesironed?Mostdays,heneversawanyoneb34meandmaybeafewotherfarmers.Theclothesbecamedirtyinjustashorttime.WhydidGrandmothers35devotetimeandefforttoironingGrandfather’sclothesthatwererarelyseen?OnedaywhenIwasabout13,IaskedGrandmotheraboutit.ShetoldmeGrandfatherwasthemosthandsomemanintheworld.Laterthatday,Ilookedc36atGrandfather.Hesuredidn’tlooksohandsometome.Hewasshortandfatwithfalseteeth(假牙).LaterItoldhermythought.Shegavemeagirlishsmileandsaid,“Youjustaren’tlookingintherightlight,Cathy.Irememberwhenhehadr37teeth.HehasthemostbeautifuleyesIhaveeverseen.Theyaree38thesamecolorastheskyjustbeforethesungoesdown.Iwanttheworldtoseemyh39asthemostbeautifulman.Iwanthimtofeelbeautiful.Iironhisclothes