1998年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題及答案

1998年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題及答案PartIStructureandVocabularySectionsADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)Example:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes_____1979.A)fromB)afterC)forD)sinceThesentenceshouldread,"IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979."Therefore,youshouldchooseD).IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime_____thelastbus.A)tohavecaughtB)tocatchC)catchingD)havingcaughtAsitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.A)needn'tdressupB)didnotneedhavedressedupC)didnotneeddressupD)needn'thavedressedupIapologizeifI_____you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A)offendB)hadoffendedC)shouldhaveoffendedD)mighthaveoffendedAlthoughateenager,Fredcouldresist_____whattodoandwhatnottodo.A)tobetoldB)havingbeentoldC)beingtoldD)tohavebeentoldGreatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage_____avoided.A)istobeB)canbeC)willbeD)hasbeenDoingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue_____itcomestoclassroomtests.A)beforeB)asC)sinceD)whenThereareover100nightschoolsinthecity,makingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobere-educatednomatter_____hedoes.A)howB)whereC)whatD)whenI'vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool_____twentyyearsago.A)aboutB)sinceC)tillD)withHewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,_____insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.A)beingconsiderdB)consideringC)tobeconsideredD)havingconsidered_____forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A)HaditnotbeenB)WereitnotC)BeitnotD)ShoulditnotbeSectionBDirections:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA),B),C)andD).IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)Example:AnumberofA)foreignvisitorsweretakenB)totheindustrialexhibitionwhichC)theysawD)manynewproducts.PartC)iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”SoyoushouldchooseC).AccordingtoDarwin,randonchangesthatenhanceaspecies'A)abilityforsurvivingB)areC)naturallyselectedandpassedontosucceedingD)generations.NeitherrainnorsnowkeepsA)thepostmanfromdeliveringourletterswhichB)wesomuchC)lookforwardtoreceiveD).IftheywillnotacceptA)acheck,weshallhaveB)topaythecashC),thoughitwouldbeD)muchtroubleforbothsides.HavingbeenA)robbedoffB)economicimportance,thosestatesarenotC)likelytocountforverymuchD)ininternationalpoliticalterms.ThemessagewillbeA)thatB)neitherthemarketnorthegovernmentiscapableofdealingwithalloftheirC)uncontrollablepracticesD).ThelogicofscientificdevelopmentissuchA)thatseparatesB)groupsofmenworkingonC)thesameprobleminfar-scatteredD)laboratoriesarelikelytoarriveatthesameansweratthesametime.YetnotalloftheseracesareintellectualinferiortoA)theEuropeanraces,andB)somemayevenhaveaC)freshnessandvitalitythatcanrenewtheenergiesD)ofmoreadvancedraces.TheA)morethan50,000nuclearweaponsinthehandsofvariousnationstodayaremorethanB)ampledestroyingC)everycityintheworldseveraltimesoverD).TheuniverseworksinawaysofarremoveA)fromwhatcommonsensewouldB)allowthatC)wordsofanykindmustnecessarilybeinadequatetoexplainitD).TheintegrationofindependentstatescouldbestbeA)broughtaboutbyfirstB)creaingacentralorganizationwithauthoritiesC)overtechnicalD)economictasks.SectionsCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Example:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound_____inthewoodsoffthehighway.A)vanishedB)scatteredC)abandonedD)rejectedThesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchooseC).Themachineneedsacomplete_____sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.A)amendingB)fittingC)mendingD)renovatingThereweremanypeoplepresentandheappearedonlyforafewseconds,soIonlycaughta_____ofhim.A)glanceB)glimpseC)lookD)sightIdon'tthinkit'swiseofyouto_____yourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthedirector,foritmayoffendhim.A)showupB)showoutC)showinD)showoffThereturnsintheshort_____maybesmall,butoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.A)intervalB)rangeC)spanD)termAthoroughstudyofbiologyrequires_____withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitofbirdsandbeasts.A)acquisitionB)discriminationC)curiosityD)familiaritySheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould_____herlongeffort.A)justifyB)testifyC)rectifyD)verifyI'mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto_____mydebtinreturnforcertainservices.A)takeawayB)cutoutC)writeoffD)clearupSomejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat_____.A)explosionB)sensationC)exaggerationD)stimulationAccordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnewpost_____noresponsibilitywithitatall?.A)shouldersB)possessesC)carriesD)sharesSometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis_____toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.A)commentB)reactionC)impressionD)comprehensionPlease_____yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawfotbidsthem.A)restrainB)hinderC)restrictD)prohibitWithouttelephoneitwouldbeimpossibletocarryonthefunctionsof_____everybusinessoperationinthewholecountry.A)practicallyB)preferablyC)preciselyD)presumablyPreliminaryestimationputsthefigureataround$110billion,_____the$160billionthePresidentisstrugglingtogetthroughtheCongress.A)inproportiontoB)inreplytoC)inrelationtoD)incontrasttoHeisplanninganothertourabroad,yethispassportwill_____attheendofthismonth.A)expireB)exceedC)terminateD)ceaseAlltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread_____lettersfromtheirfamilies.A)sentimentalB)affectionateC)intimateD)sensitiveSeveralinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto_____,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.A)revoltB)revolveC)reverseD)reviveIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite_____.A)arbitraryB)rationalC)mechanicalD)unpredictableThelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepriceofvegetablesnolonger_____accordingtotheweather.A)alteredB)convertedC)fluctuatedD)modifiedThepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot_____theirprospectofpromotion.A)spurB)furtherC)induceD)reinforceInwhat_____toalastminutestayofexecution,acouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.A)appliesB)accountsC)attachesD)amountsPartIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)UntilrecentlymosthistroiansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.41.A)admittedB)believedC)claimedD)predicted42.A)plainB)averageC)meanD)normal43.A)momentaryB)promptC)instantD)immediate44.A)bulkB)hostC)grossD)magnitude45.A)OnB)WithC)ForD)By46.A)broadlyB)thoroughlyC)generallyD)completely47.A)howeverB)meanwhileC)thereforeD)moreover48.A)atB)inC)aboutD)for49.A)manifestedB)approvedC)shownD)speculated50.A)notedB)impressedC)labeledD)markedPartIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA),B),C)andD).Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(40points)Passage1Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascination.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhegoaheadtotheevenmorewrongheadedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat_____.A)peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestorealityB)theblindcouldbehappierthanthesightedC)overexcitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings.D)fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesightInparagraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto_____.A)areasshortofelectricityB)damswithoutpowerstationsC)poorcounrtriesaroundIndiaD)commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamareaWhatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?A)Theybringinmorefertilesoil.B)Theyhelpdefendthecountry.C)Theystrengtheninternationalties.D)Theyhaveuniveralcontrolofthewaters.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas_____.A)“It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk”B)“Morehaste,lessspeed”C)“Lookbeforeyouleap”D)“Hewholaughslastlaughsbest”Passage2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe197887average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplanied.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplaceallthatreengineeringanddownsizing-areonlyonecontributiontotheoveralllproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“reengineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedreengineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficentthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDO'sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofreengineeringconsultantsasmererubbish-“theworstsortofambulancecashing.”Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis_____.A)notasgoodasitseemsB)atitsturningpointC)muchbetterthanitseemsD)neartocompleterecoveryTheofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth_____.A)excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycleB)fallshortofbusinessmen'santicipationC)meettheexpectationofbusinesspeopleD)failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomyTheauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because_____.A)hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”B)hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworksC)hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleadingD)hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinessesWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A)Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.B)Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.C)Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlongtermprofitability.D)Theconsultantsareabunchofgoodfornothigns.Passage3Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweensceienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecently,theseientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldafforttoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVerginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemonHauntedWorld,byCarSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience'sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,thosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm'antiscience'canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardTheword“schism”(Line4,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans_____.A)confrontationB)dissatisfactionC)separationD)contemptParagraphs2and3arewrittento_____.A)discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'spowerB)showtheauthor'ssymphathywithscientistsC)explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelopsD)exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanitiesWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A)Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.B)Politicansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.C)The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscienceD)Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiableTheauthor'sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is_____.A)impartialB)subjectiveC)biasedD)puzzlingPassage4Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment-anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead-hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople-numericallythethirdlargestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumbersinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstillprevails.Threesunbeltstates-Florida,TexasandCalifornia-togetherhadnearly10millionmorepeoplein1980thanadecadeearlier.Amonglargecities,SanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10th-withClevelandandWashington.DC,droppingoutofthetop10.Notallthatshiftcanbeattributedtothemovementoutofthesnowbelt,censusofficialssay,Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedarole,too-andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterday's“babyboom”generationreacheditschildbearingyears.Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparentlyarelookingnotjustforplaceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances-●Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate-37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.●Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5and53.1percentrespectively.ExceptfroFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith7.5millionpeople-about9persquaremile.Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.There,Californiaadded3.7milliontoitspopulationinthe1970s,morethananyotherstate.Inthatdecade,however,largenumbersalsomigratedfromCalifornia,mostlytootherpartsoftheWest.Oftentheychose-andstillarechoosing-somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmog,crimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenAsaresult,California'sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970s,to18.5percent-littlemorethantwothirdsthe1960sgrowthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovided,Americain1970s_____.A)enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinhistoryB)witnessedasouthwesternshiftofpopulationC)underwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowthD)broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorlddWarIIThecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat_____.A)itstressestheclimaticinfluenceonpopulationdistributionB)ithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrantsC)itrevealstheAmericans'newpersuitofspaciouslivingD)itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday's“babyboom”Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat_____.A)CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUSB)thetop10statesingrowthrateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWestC)citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigrationD)ArizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulationTheword“demographers”(Line1,Paragraph8)mostprobablymeans_____.A)peopleinfavorofthetrendofdemocracyB)advocatesofmigrationbetweenstatesC)scientistsengagedinthestudeyofpopulationD)conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflifePassage5Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemhaslefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaremilestonesthatmarkthepassageoftheplates.Thattheplatesaremovingisnotbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouthAmerica,forexample,aremovingawayfromeathotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionoftheplatescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthemotionofoneplatewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth'sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirecitonsorwhetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequesiton.FromananalysisofthehotspotpopultionitappearsthattheAfricanplateisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecometorestoverahotspot,thematerialrisingfromdeeperlayercreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsseedfissures(cracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplaniedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutability(inconstance).Theauthorbelievesthat_____.A)themotionoftheplatescorrespondstothatoftheearth'sinteriorB)thegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingplateshasbeenprovedtobetrueC)thehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirectionsD)themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapartThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthefactthat_____.A)thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirecitonsB)theyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeaturesC)theAfricanplateshasbeenstablefor30millionyearsD)over100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobeThehotspottheorymayproveusefulinexplaining_____.A)thestructureoftheAfricanplatesB)therevivalofdeadvolcanoesC)themobilityofthecontinentsD)theformationofnewoceansThepassageismainlyabout_____.A)thefeaturesofvolcanicactivitiesB)theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplatesC)thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudiesD)theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoesPartIVEnglishChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETII.(15points).Theywere,byfar,thelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdecteded:astripofenourmouscosmiccloudssome15billionlightyearsfromearth.71)Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected;theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministratin'sCosmicBackgroundExplorers