Unit8知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Unit81.WhenIwokeup,therewaswatereverywhere!wakeup醒過(guò)wakesb.up叫醒某人e.g.Iwakeupatsixeverymorning.我每天早上六點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。2.WhowillmopupthewaterifIgohomewithoutyou?mopup拖干凈，把......拖干凈e.g.HobowantsEddietomopupthewater.Hobo想要Eddie把水拖干凈。3.Earthquakekillsthousandsofpeoplethousandsof成千上萬(wàn)的“thousands+of+名詞”表示不確定的數(shù)目，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量多。e.g.Therearethousandsofpeopleontheroad.路上有成千上萬(wàn)的人。4.Caraccidentkillsthreemenacaraccident一場(chǎng)車(chē)禍e.g.Therewasacaraccidentyesterday.昨天有一場(chǎng)車(chē)禍。5.Coachcrashesintotreecrashinto猛撞，碰撞e.g.Acarcrashedintoatreelastnight.昨天晚上一輛車(chē)猛撞到一棵樹(shù)上。6.Floodwashedawayvillagewashaway沖走e.g.Aterriblefloodwashedawayhishouse.一場(chǎng)可怕的洪水沖走了他的房子。7.Youngboyfallsfromtreeandhurtslegsfallfrom從……掉下，落下e.g.Theboyfellfromatreeandhurthislegs.那個(gè)男孩從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)傷到了他的腿。8.Lightninghitaclassroombuildinganditcaughtfire.catchfire著火e.g.Thehousecaughtfirebecauseofthelightening.因?yàn)殚W電那個(gè)房子著火了。在表示具體的火災(zāi)實(shí)例或爐火時(shí)，fire用作可數(shù)名詞；fire用作物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。如：Theypickupstickstomakeafire.他們拾了些樹(shù)枝來(lái)生火。9.Ifeltaslightshake.feelaslightshake感到一陣輕微的震動(dòng)

shake既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“搖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)”。shake作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后可跟名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。e.g.Don’tshakeyourfistatme.shake還可以用作名詞，意為“搖動(dòng)”，是可數(shù)名詞，一般與a連用。e.g.Igavemypurseashake,andacoinfellout.10.ThenIheardaloudnoiselikethunder.loudadj.響亮的；大聲的；喧鬧的e.g.Icouldn’thearwhathesaidbecausetheradiowastooloud.我聽(tīng)不到他說(shuō)什么，因?yàn)槭找魴C(jī)太吵了。loudadv.大聲地e.g.Don’ttalksoloud.Yourbrotherissleeping.不要說(shuō)那么大聲。你弟弟正在睡覺(jué)。11.Peoplescreamedinfear.fearn.害怕；恐懼infear害怕地，恐懼地e.g.Thechildwascryingwithfear.相似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：introuble有麻煩的inneed需要幫助的indanger處于危險(xiǎn)之中inhunger饑餓的fearv.害怕后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。e.g.Joefearedtotellhisfatherthebadnews.Joe害怕告訴他爸爸壞消息。fear后面還可接that從句作賓語(yǔ)，其意思是“恐怕；擔(dān)心”。e.g.Shefearedthatshecouldn’tgetthereat9:00am.她擔(dān)心她早上九點(diǎn)到不了那。12.Someranoutofthebuilding.runoutof…從……跑出e.g.Somestudentsrunoutoftheclassroom.一些學(xué)生從教室里跑出來(lái)。13.Outside,peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.runinalldirections跑向四面八方e.g.Theenemybegantorunawayinalldirections.敵軍四處逃竄。whileconj.當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)后接句子，但它所表示的含義和用法有所不同。★while可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，它引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.ThetelephonerangwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.★while也可作并列連詞，意為“而，然而”，表示對(duì)比。e.g.IwouldliketoseeafilmthisSaturdaywhilemysisterwantstogoshopping.14.Thenthewallsbegantoedowntoo!edown崩塌，坍塌e.g.Thebuildingbegantoedown.這個(gè)樓開(kāi)始坍塌了。15.…ItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.calmdown冷靜下來(lái)，平靜下來(lái)看到別人緊張或者憤怒，想勸其冷靜下來(lái)時(shí)，可以使用這個(gè)短語(yǔ)calmv.使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜n.平靜，寧?kù)oadj.平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的e.g.Just

calmdown

abit!你先靜一靜！sinceconj.由于；既然引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句e.g.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuythecar.因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)錢(qián)，所以我們不能買(mǎi)汽車(chē)。aliveadj.活著的在句中主要作表語(yǔ)，也可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，alive只能位于被修飾的名詞之后。e.g.Icaughtabirdaliveinthetree.16.…Iwastryingtofindmywayout,…findone’swayout找到出路e.g.Hewantstofindhiswayout.他想要找到出路。17.Theyquicklymovedawaythebricks.moveaway搬走，移走e.g.Please

moveaway

thedeskandthechair.請(qǐng)把那個(gè)桌子和那把椅子搬開(kāi)。18.Timmywasasleepwhentheearthquakestarted.asleepadj.睡著的強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，常作表語(yǔ)。fallasleep入睡；睡著e.g.Shewasasleepwithherheadonherarms.sleep，sleepy和asleepsleep，sleepy和asleep都與“睡覺(jué)”有關(guān)★sleep意為“睡覺(jué)”，既可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞?！飐leepy作形容詞，意為“困乏的，欲睡的”，可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)?！颽sleep作形容詞，意為“睡著的”，常與fall構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)fallasleep，意為“入睡”。語(yǔ)法一．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示：在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Theywereeatingbreakfastat7:00a.m.yesterday.Iwaswritingaletteratthistimeyesterday.Fiveminutesago,DannywaslookingoutofthewindowandSuzywasreadingabook.在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式（1）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+Ving（2）肯定句:Iwasreadinganewspaperatthattime.主語(yǔ)+______________________主語(yǔ)+was/were+Ving（3）否定句：ZhangLiwasn’tdoinghomeworkwhenIcameback.主語(yǔ)+______________________wasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’twas/werenot+Vingwasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’t（4）疑問(wèn)句：—WereyouwatchingTVathomeat9o’clockyesterdayevening?—Yes,Iwas.—WasXuJiarunningwhenyousawher?—No,shewasn’t.Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+ving?肯定回答：Yes,_________________.否定回答：No,_____________________.（5）特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatwereyoudoingat8:00lastnight?疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+Ving…二．while,whenandas都表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。1.while指某一段時(shí)間，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。e.g.WhileIwaswatchingTV,hewaslisteningtomusic.2.when和as既可以指某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可以指某一段時(shí)間，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，又可以是瞬間性的e.g.When/Ashewokeup,itwaseighto’clock.3.指一段時(shí)間時(shí)，when、while和as都可用e.g.When/While/AsIwaswaitingofrabus,Imether.以過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)為例，主、從句動(dòng)作關(guān)系連詞選擇時(shí)態(tài)例句主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞when;while;as主句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)When/While/AsIwaswalkinginthestreet,acarcaughtfire.主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，從句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行While;as主句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Theearthquakehappenedwhile/aswewerehavingclass.主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行while主句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)從句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Rubywasreadingabookwhilehismotherwascooking.從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，主句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行when主句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)從句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)WhenIcamebackhome,mymotherwassleepinginthesofa.從句動(dòng)作表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件as主句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.同步練習(xí)一、聽(tīng)力測(cè)試二、單項(xiàng)選擇21.Voice《開(kāi)講啦》is_________verypopularTVprograminChina.Oneof_________mostfamoushosts,SaBeining,alwaysappearsinit.A.a;/ B.the;the C.a;the D.the;/【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：《開(kāi)講啦》是一個(gè)在中國(guó)很受歡迎的電視節(jié)目。最著名的主持人之一撒貝寧總是出現(xiàn)在節(jié)目中?？疾楣谠~用法。第一個(gè)空表示泛指的“一個(gè)”，用不定冠詞a；第二個(gè)空是最高級(jí)用法的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選C。22.Theteachershaveofferedusseveralpiecesof________abouthowtostopCOVID19.A.advice B.way C.tip D.idea【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：老師們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝藥讞l關(guān)于如何阻止新冠肺炎的建議?？疾槊~辨析。advice建議；way方式；tip提示；idea想法。根據(jù)“offeredusseveralpiecesof…abouthowtostopCOVID19”可知是提供幾條建議，故選A。23.TheGreensusedtoliveinLondonandnowthey_____inBeijing.A.usedtolive B.areusedtolive C.areusedtoliving D.areusedforliving【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】句意：史密斯夫婦過(guò)去住在倫敦，現(xiàn)在他們習(xí)慣在上海生活。考查短語(yǔ)辨析。usedtodosth.：過(guò)去常常做某事；beusedtodoingsth.：習(xí)慣于做某事；sthbeusedtodosth某物被用來(lái)做某事。beusedfor用于；被用于做某事。結(jié)合句意可知選C。24.—YouhavebeeninYangzhouforalongtime?—Yes.________Ifinishedmiddleschool.A.For B.As C.When D.Since【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：——你在揚(yáng)州待了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了吧？——是的。自從我初中畢業(yè)后?？疾檫B詞辨析。For因?yàn)?；As由于，隨著……；When當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；Since自從。根據(jù)“YouhavebeeninYangzhouforalongtime?”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以用since引導(dǎo)一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句，表示“從初中畢業(yè)以后到現(xiàn)在為止一直待在揚(yáng)州”。故選D。25.I_______mycard.Iwanttoreportit.Youcancallthebanktoreporttheloss.Itwouldbefaster.A.LoseB.waslosingC.willloseD.havelost【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：我流失了我的卡，我想要報(bào)告一下。你可以給銀行打報(bào)告掛失，這會(huì)更快一些。lose丟失，動(dòng)詞原形；waslosing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；willlose一般將來(lái)時(shí)；havelost現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)對(duì)話的意思可知，“丟卡”這件事已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，是過(guò)去的事情，且強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)選D。26.Wuhan__________Wuchang,HankouandHanyang.A.ismadeof B.ismadefrom C.ismadeupof D.ismadeinto【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：武漢由武昌、漢口和漢陽(yáng)組成?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。bemadeof由……制成（看出原材料）；bemadefrom由……制成（看不出原材料）；bemadeupof由……組成；bemadeinto被制成。根據(jù)“Wuhan...Wuchang,HankouandHanyang.”可知是指武漢由武昌、漢口和漢陽(yáng)組成，應(yīng)用bemadeupof。故選C。27.Hisgrandparentslive________inasmallhouse,buttheydon'tfeel________.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：他的祖父母獨(dú)自住在一個(gè)小房子里，但他們并不感到孤獨(dú)。

考查形容詞與副詞。alone可以作形容詞，也可以作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”；而lonely只可以作形容詞，意為"內(nèi)心孤獨(dú)的"。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞live可知，要用副詞alone來(lái)修飾；關(guān)鍵詞feel是一個(gè)感官系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)跟形容詞lonely。故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】

28.

thetimeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.A.On B.In C.By D.With【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我到達(dá)公共汽車(chē)站時(shí)，公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?？疾榻樵~辨析。on后接具體的日期、具體某一天的上下午或晚上等；in后接年、月、季節(jié)、泛指的上下午或晚上等；by不遲于；with與……一起；分析句子成分可知此處是連詞，根據(jù)“thetime”可知此處指“當(dāng)我到達(dá)公共汽車(chē)站時(shí)”；bythetime“到……的時(shí)候”。故選C。29.—Canyouseethatwhitebuilding?Furtheron________twoniceSichuanrestaurants.—Great!Let’sgothereforanicemeal.A.has B.have C.is D.are【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：——你能看到那棟白色的建筑嗎？再往前是兩家不錯(cuò)的川菜館。——太棒了！讓我們?nèi)ツ抢锍灶D美餐?？疾橹髦^一致。根據(jù)“Furtheron...twoniceSichuanrestaurants.”可知，地點(diǎn)副詞在句首，句子用倒裝，此句的主語(yǔ)為twoniceSichuanrestaurants，是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are。故選D。30.ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhave________visited.A.never B.even C.ever D.yet【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：這是我曾經(jīng)參觀過(guò)的最美麗的公園?？疾楦痹~辨析。never從未；even甚至；ever曾經(jīng)；yet還。根據(jù)“ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhave...visited.”可知，這是曾經(jīng)去過(guò)的最美麗的公園。故選C。31.MrLi_____Kunming.He_____thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe_____Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento,hasgoneto,havebeeninB.hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeeninC.hasbeenin,hasbeento,havegonetoD.hasgoneto,hasbeenin,hasbeento【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：李先生去了昆明。他去過(guò)三次。這一次他已經(jīng)在昆明三天?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havebeento,意思是曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里；havegoneto去了某地，現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話地點(diǎn)，是瞬間性動(dòng)詞；havebeenin已在某地，現(xiàn)在在那個(gè)地方，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。第二空根據(jù)threetimes，表示去過(guò)那里三次，用hasbeento。第三空根據(jù)時(shí)間段forthreedays用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選B。32.TheChinesegovernment________theRussiaUkraineconflict(沖突)toendsoonthroughdialougue.A.hopes B.hoping C.wishes D.wishing【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：中國(guó)政府希望俄烏沖突通過(guò)對(duì)話盡快結(jié)束。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。hopes希望，動(dòng)詞三單；hoping動(dòng)名詞；wishes希望，動(dòng)詞三單；wishing動(dòng)名詞。首先根據(jù)“theRussiaUkraineconflict(沖突)toend...”可知此處是wishsbtodosth“希望某人做某事”的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope無(wú)此用法，排除AB選項(xiàng)；此空是作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)用wishes，故選C。33.—Look!Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Jack________beintheroom.—It________behim.Hehasjustgonetothelibrary.A.can;mustn’t B.must;can’t C.must;mustn’t D.can’t;must【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：——看！他房間的燈還亮著。杰克一定子房間里?！遣豢赡苁撬Ｋ麆?cè)D書(shū)館了?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。can可能；must一定；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能。根據(jù)“Thelightinhisroomisstillon”，可知第一個(gè)說(shuō)的應(yīng)是杰克一定在房間里，要用must；根據(jù)“Hehasjustgonetothelibrary.”，可知第二個(gè)空說(shuō)的應(yīng)是不可能是他，要用can’t。故選B。34.—Wemustworkasateamorwewillfailasecondtime.—Yes.Justasasayinggoes:.A.Onefingercan’tliftasmallstone B.HewholaughslastlaughsbestC.Onestonekillstwobirds D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：——我們必須像一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一樣努力工作，否則我們會(huì)再次失敗?！堑摹Ｋ自捳f(shuō):“一根手指舉不動(dòng)一塊小石頭?！?/p>

考查諺語(yǔ)。Onefingercan'tliftasmallstone.一根手指舉不起一塊小石頭。Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.笑到最后的人笑得最好。Onestonekillstwobirds.一箭雙雕。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老學(xué)到老。根據(jù)Wemustworkhardasateam，可知BCD三項(xiàng)意思都不合語(yǔ)境，故選A。35.—Whatahotday!Wouldyoupleasegetmesomedrinks?—__________A.That’sallright. B.Withpleasure. C.Itdoesn’tmatter. D.Mypleasure.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：——多么熱的一天?。≌?qǐng)你給我一些飲料好嗎？——愿意效勞?？疾榻浑H運(yùn)用。That’sallright.不要緊沒(méi)關(guān)系。Withpleasure.愿意效勞（用于別人請(qǐng)求你做某事，你很樂(lè)意去做的時(shí)候。）Itdoesn’tmatter.沒(méi)關(guān)系。Mypleasure.別客氣。（用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的感謝）。根據(jù)前句是別人的請(qǐng)求。故選B。三、完型填空Igrabbedsomefoodandsuppliesanddidn’twasteanotherminute.Ihoppedinthecanoeandletitfloatdowntheriver____36____meaway.Severalmilesdownstream,IcameuponJacksonIsland.Itwasrightinthe____37____oftheriver.Isteeredthecanoeuponthebankand____38____inthefreshair.Itfeltgoodtobe____39____atlast.AfterawhileIfetchedmythingsfromthecanoe.Imadeatentoutofmy____40____incaseitrained.NearsundownImadeacampfire.Icaughtafishformy____41____andanextraoneformybreakfast.ThenI____42____backandcountedthestars.Iwasthereforaboutthreedays____43____andfishingandjustbeinglazy.Butlater,Isawsmokeingfromtheothersideoftheisland.Islipped____44____thetreesandcarefullymademywayovertosee____45____itwasrobbersorthieves.Istayedbehindsome____46____atfirst,butthenIdecidedtogetacloserlook.Isawamanstretchedoutwithablanketaroundhis____47____.Isnuckuprealquietandwaited.Prettysoonhestretched,____48____thatblanketcameoff.That’swhenI____49____hisface.ItwasMissWatson’sslave.“Hello,Jim!”Isaid.Jimbouncedupandstaredatmewith____50____eyes.Thenhedroppeddownonhisknees,andputhishandstogether,saying,“Don’thurtme!Pleasedon’t!I’veneverdoneanyharmtoaghost.”36.A.driving B.carrying C.running D.stopping37.A.front B.back C.way D.middle38.A.breathed B.jumped C.sang D.danced39.A.healthy B.excellent C.beautiful D.free40.A.blankets B.clothes C.scarves D.coats41.A.snacks B.food C.lunch D.supper42.A.got B.ran C.lay D.sat43.A.swimming B.hunting C.walking D.running44.A.behind B.below C.through D.above45.A.that B.if C.what D.why46.A.flowers B.boats C.hills D.bushes47.A.hand B.head C.arm D.foot48.A.and B.or C.so D.but49.A.found B.touched C.saw D.hit50.A.wild B.happy C.good D.bright【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.D40.A41.D42.C43.B44.C45.B46.D47.B48.A49.C50.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了作者乘獨(dú)木舟到一個(gè)小島上最后見(jiàn)到沃森小姐的奴隸的故事。【36題詳解】句意：我跳上獨(dú)木舟，讓它順流而下把我?guī)ё?。driving開(kāi)車(chē)；carrying帶；running跑；stopping阻止。根據(jù)“l(fā)etitfloatdowntheriver...meaway.”可知是指獨(dú)木舟帶著作者順流而下，故選B?！?7題詳解】句意：就在河中央。front前面；back后面；way方式；middle中間。根據(jù)“Isteeredthecanoeuponthebank”可推知獨(dú)木舟處于河中央，inthemiddleof“在……之間”，故選D?！?8題詳解】句意：我把獨(dú)木舟劃到岸邊，呼吸著新鮮空氣。breathed呼吸；jumped跳；sang唱歌；danced跳舞。根據(jù)“inthefreshair.”可知是指呼吸新鮮空氣