北京市西城區(qū)2025屆高三英語二模試題含解析

PAGE27-北京市西城區(qū)2025屆高三英語二模試題（含解析）本試卷共11頁，120分?？荚嚂r(shí)長100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DuringatriptoNewYorkCity,AlabamawomanMaryAnderson___1___(notice)atrolleydrivercouldn’tseewellwhenitwassnowing.Atthatpoint,drivershadtoopenthewindow___2___(clear)it,lettingsnowandrainintothevehicle.Asasolution,Andersondesignedandpatentedwoodandrubberarms___3___wouldpushrainandsnowoffthewindowatthepullofalever(限制桿).Butshewastoldher___4___(invent)wasdistractingandimpractical,andsheneverprofitedfromherdesign.【答案】1.noticed2.toclear3.that/which4.invention【解析】這是一篇記敘文。該段落主要描寫了MaryAnderson獨(dú)創(chuàng)汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃雨刮器，但被認(rèn)為是不切實(shí)際的獨(dú)創(chuàng)?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在去紐約的旅途中，阿拉巴馬州的婦女瑪麗·安德森留意到一名電車司機(jī)在下雪時(shí)看不清東西。依據(jù)前一句“DuringatriptoNewYorkCity,在去紐約的路上…”可知notice這個動作是過去發(fā)生的，要運(yùn)用一般過去時(shí)。故填noticed。【2題詳解】考查不定式。句意：就在那時(shí)，司機(jī)不得不打開窗戶去清理它。依據(jù)句意可知，打開窗戶的目的是“清理”，即運(yùn)用不定式做目的狀語。故填toclear?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：作為解決方法，Anderson設(shè)計(jì)了一個木質(zhì)的橡膠手臂并申請專利，這個手臂可以通過限制桿將車窗上的雨和雪推掉。該句為定語從句，先行詞為woodandrubberarms，并在從句中做主語，應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞that\which引導(dǎo)。故填that\which.【4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但是她被告知她的獨(dú)創(chuàng)會分散司機(jī)留意力，不切實(shí)際。本題中invite前為形容詞性物主代詞her，其后要接名詞，所以將invent變?yōu)閕nvention。故填invention。B閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thered-crownedcrane(鶴)isoneofthe___5___(large)cranesintheworld,standingatabout150cmtall.Itsfeathersareaswhiteassnow,exceptforsomeblackonesonitsface,neckandwings.Itsuniquefeature,fromwhichitgetsitsname,isthebrightredskinonthetopofitshead.Thered-crownedcrane___6___(find)inChina,Russia,Mongolia,JapanandtheKoreanPeninsula(半島).InChina,itspendsthewarmermonthsintheriversandwetlandsinthenorth-east.___7___theweathergetscold,itmigratestoeast-centralChina.Thered-crownedcraneisasymboloflonglifeandgoodluckinChineseculture.【答案】5.largest6.isfound/hasbeenfound7.When/As【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了丹頂鶴的外觀，棲息地和象征意義?！?題詳解】考查最高級。此處是oneof句型，表示“最……之一”，其中形容詞用最高級。故填largest?！?題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句中主語Thered-crownedcrane是單數(shù)，和動詞find是被動關(guān)系。此處表示丹頂鶴在中國、俄羅斯、蒙古、日本和朝鮮半島被發(fā)覺，既可表示過去發(fā)生的事，也可以指到現(xiàn)在為止在這些地方被發(fā)覺，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填isfound/hasbeenfound。【7題詳解】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)天氣變冷時(shí)，它遷移到中國的中東部。此處表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故填When/As。C閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。NearlytwodecadeshavepassedsinceChinasentthefirstBeidousatelliteintospacein2000.Duringthattime,moreBeidousatellitesweresentintoorbit(軌道),___8___(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).Inlate2012,itbeganprovidingpositioning,navigation,timingandmessaging___9___(service)topeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2024,BDSstartedtoserveusersworldwide.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites____10____(launch)onDec16,2024,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.【答案】8.forming9.services10.launched【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了自2000年中國將第一顆北斗衛(wèi)星送入太空以來，已經(jīng)過去了近20年。在此期間，更多的北斗衛(wèi)星被送入軌道，形成北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)。文章還說明白從2012年底到2024年期間，北斗系統(tǒng)能供應(yīng)的功能和完善狀況。【8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在此期間，更多的北斗衛(wèi)星被送入軌道，形成北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，form與其邏輯主語Beidousatellites之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填forming?！?題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：2012年底，該公司起先向中國和亞太地區(qū)其他地區(qū)的用戶供應(yīng)定位、導(dǎo)航、定時(shí)和短信服務(wù)。service為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)上文positioning,navigation,timingandmessaging可知此處服務(wù)不止一種，故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填services。【10題詳解】考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：2019年12月其次節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，駕馭其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MyBoxingExperienceThisyearIjoinedboxingclass.MyfriendLeaandIweretheonly____11____intheclass.Wegottothrowourfirstpunches(拳擊)andlearnedhowweshouldstand.Istilldidn’tknowhowtodoitwell,butIfeltthatchoosingtheboxingclasswastherightdecision.Mr.Vernon,ourboxingteacher,madeusworkhardandsweat.Theboxingpads(拳擊護(hù)具)weremyfavorite,butmypunchesweren’t____12____enough.Afterparticipatinginmorepractices,wehadlearnedhowtopunchinsixdifferentways.Theboyswereimprovingalotontheirstrength,andLeawithherspeed,andme?Well,Ihadahardtimeseeingthe____13____.Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger,andthisiswhathelpedmotivatemeto____14____.Eachpracticetherewasatleastoneboywhowould____15____meandsay,“Ohyou’retooshorttobox.Mr.Vernonhasto____16____downwhenyouareontheboxingpads;ohyou’renotstrongenough;youpunchlikeamouse.”Iknowthosecommentswerenotto____17____me,butjusttohavefun.It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence;buthearingthosecommentscaneitherbringyou____18____,ormakeyoufeelmotivatedtoshowthemtheyare____19____.Inmycase,theystartedtodiscourageme.Ididn’thavethestrengthtothinktheywerewrong,andapartofmethoughtthattheywerespeakingthe____20____.IhiditinsidemyheartbecauseIthoughtthatshowingthatIwas____21____myselfwouldmakeitworse.IrememberoneparticularpracticewhereIwasmadandangry,andmypunchessuddenlyfeltstrongerandfaster.Iwas____22____,yetIhadafeelinginmethatitwasthereallalong.Ijustdidn’thavethat____23____inme.Afterpractice,Mr.VernonpointedoutthatIwasgettingstrongerandbetter,whichreallymademefeelmore____24____andshowedmethatwhattheothersweresayingaboutmewaswrong.Ihad____25____foundthestrengthIneeded.Thefollowingpractices,Mr.Vernonwasimpressedwithmyhooksanduppercuts,becausetheyweregetting____26____.Thisexperiencetaughtmethatboxingrequiresalotofworkandeffort,butitalsotaughtmenottofeel____27____aboutwhatpeoplesay.Ifyoufocusonyourstrongpointsandimproveonyour____28____ones,thereisnoreasonforyoutofeeldisappointed.Boxingtaughtmehowtofight,anddefendmyselfphysicallyandmentally,andshowthatshortgirlscandoanythingiftheyhavethe____29____toprovepeoplewrong.Beingshortdoesn’t____30____meanddefinitelydoesnotlimitmefromdoingthingsthattallorstrongerpeoplecando.11A.girls B.boys C.teenagers D.adults12.A.large B.strong C.accurate D.quick13.A.difference B.grade C.point D.judgement14.A.relax B.change C.return D.continue15.A.wavegoodbyeto B.takeadvantageof C.payattentionto D.makefunof16.A.look B.sit C.bend D.turn17.A.teach B.hurt C.amuse D.warn18.A.down B.back C.along D.in19.A.rude B.wrong C.funny D.simple20.A.result B.word C.truth D.reason21.A.fooling B.doubting C.convincing D.criticizing22.A.surprised B.worried C.moved D.disappointed23.A.relief B.fear C.anger D.interest24.A.regretful B.comfortable C.embarrassed D.confident25.A.eagerly B.finally C.gradually D.gratefully26.A.normal B.reliable C.harmful D.powerful27.A.discouraged B.ashamed C.annoyed D.confused28.A.small B.old C.weak D.shining29.A.experience B.curiosity C.attention D.motivation30.A.want B.help C.define D.forgive【答案】11.A12.B13.A14.D15.D16.C17.B18.A19.B20.C21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了作者學(xué)習(xí)拳擊的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作者因?yàn)閭€子矮，拳擊不夠有力，一起先每天至少會有一個男孩子取笑作者個子矮，作者也對此感到懊喪。到后來作者最終變得越來越強(qiáng)大，明白了矮個子女孩只要有動力去證明別人是錯的，她們就能做任何事情。個子矮并不能定義作者，也肯定不能限制作者去做那些高個或強(qiáng)壯的人能做的事情。【11題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的摯友Lea和我是班上僅有的女孩。A.girls女孩；B.boys男孩；C.teenagers青少年；D.adults成年人。依據(jù)最終一段中andshowthatshortgirlscandoanything可知班上只有作者和Lea是女孩。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：拳擊護(hù)具是我的最愛，但我的拳擊不夠有力。A.large大的；B.strong有力的，強(qiáng)壯的；C.accurate精確的；D.quick快的。依據(jù)其次段中Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger可知作者的拳擊還不夠有利。故選B。【13題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：嗯，我很難看出其中的區(qū)分。A.difference區(qū)分，差異；B.grade成果；C.point要點(diǎn)；D.judgement推斷。依據(jù)上文Theboyswereimprovingalotontheirstrength,andLeawithherspeed,andme?Well,Ihadahardtimeseeingthe可知其他人都有了不同的變更，而作者還很難看到自己和以前的區(qū)分。故選A。14題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Vernon先生總是告知我，練習(xí)會讓我變得更強(qiáng)，而這正是我接著堅(jiān)持下去的動力。A.relax放松；B.change變更；C.return返回；D.continue接著。結(jié)合上文Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger,andthisiswhathelpedmotivatemeto可知Vernon先生的話激勵作者接著下去。故選D。【15題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：每次練習(xí)都至少有一個男孩會取笑我說:“哦，你太矮了，打不了拳擊?！盇.wavegoodbyeto揮手告辭；B.takeadvantageof利用；C.payattentionto留意；D.makefunof取笑。依據(jù)下一段中butjusttohavefun.可知男孩子會取笑作者。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你在拳擊場上時(shí)，Vernon先生不得不彎下腰。A.look看；B.sit坐下；C.bend彎曲；D.turn轉(zhuǎn)彎。結(jié)合上文Ohyou’retooshorttobox.可知對方取笑作者太矮了，坐在拳擊護(hù)具上時(shí)，Vernon先生不得不彎下腰。benddown“彎腰”。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道那些話不是要損害我，只是為了找樂子。A.teach教；B.hurt損害；C.amuse消遣；D.warn警告。依據(jù)后文butjusttohavefun.可知男孩子取笑作者的身高，并不是為了要損害作者，只是為了找樂子。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：沒錯，我個子又小又矮，我的確缺乏自信；但是，聽到這些評論，要么會讓你悲觀，要么會讓你有動力向他們證明他們是錯的。A.down向下；B.back回去；C.along沿著；D.in在里面。依據(jù)最終一段中thereisnoreasonforyoutofeeldisappointed.可知這些評論，要么會讓你悲觀，要么會讓你有動力向他們證明他們是錯的。短語bringsb.down“讓某人悲觀”。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒錯，我個子又小又矮，我的確缺乏自信;但是，聽到這些評論，要么會讓你悲觀，要么會讓你有動力向他們證明他們是錯的。A.rude粗魯?shù)?；B.wrong錯誤的；C.funny好玩的；D.simple簡潔的。依據(jù)后文Ididn’thavethestrengthtothinktheywerewrong可知此處指有動力向他們證明他們是錯的。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有志氣去認(rèn)為他們是錯的，我內(nèi)心有一部分認(rèn)為他們說的是事實(shí)。A.result結(jié)果；B.word話語；C.truth事實(shí)；D.reason理由。依據(jù)上文It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence可知作者知道自己是個個子矮的人，全部聽了這些男孩子的話，內(nèi)心有一部分認(rèn)為他們說的是事實(shí)。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它藏在心里，因?yàn)槲矣X得表現(xiàn)出對自己的懷疑只會讓事情變得更糟。A.fooling愚弄；B.doubting懷疑；C.convincing勸服；D.criticizing指責(zé)。結(jié)合后文myselfwouldmakeitworse.可知作者內(nèi)心有一部分認(rèn)為男孩子說的是事實(shí)，但是藏在心里，因?yàn)楸憩F(xiàn)出對自己的懷疑只會讓事情變得更糟。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很驚異，但我有一種感覺，它始終在我心里。A.surprised驚異的；B.worried擔(dān)憂的；C.moved感動的；D.disappointed悲觀的。結(jié)合上文IrememberoneparticularpracticewhereIwasmadandangry,andmypunchessuddenlyfeltstrongerandfaster.可知作者發(fā)覺生氣時(shí)拳頭突然變得更有力更快了，這讓作者感覺驚異。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是沒有那么生氣了。A.relief減輕；B.fear恐驚；C.anger生氣；D.interest愛好。依據(jù)上文Iwasmadandangry可知指生氣。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后，Vernon先生指出我變得越來越強(qiáng)壯，越來越好，這真的讓我感到更加自信，也讓我明白別人對我的評價(jià)是錯誤的。A.regretful缺憾的；B.comfortable舒適的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.confident自信的。依據(jù)第四段中It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence可知作者一起先并不自信，Vernon指出作者有進(jìn)步后，作者感覺更加自信了。故選D。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我最終找到了我須要的力氣。A.eagerly急迫地；B.finally最終；C.gradually漸漸地；D.gratefully感謝地。依據(jù)后文foundthestrengthIneeded.可知作者從一起先拳擊不夠有力，到如今獲得了Vernon先生的認(rèn)可，作者最終找到了自己須要的力氣。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過接下來的練習(xí)，Vernon先生對我的勾拳和上勾拳印象深刻，因?yàn)樗鼈冏兊迷絹碓接辛?。A.normal正常的；B.reliable牢靠的；C.harmful有害的；D.powerful有力的，強(qiáng)大的。結(jié)合上文Mr.VernonpointedoutthatIwasgettingstrongerandbetter可知作者的拳擊變得越來越有力了。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這段經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓我明白，拳擊須要付出很多努力和艱辛，但也讓我明白，不要對別人說的話感到氣餒。A.discouraged氣餒的，灰心的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.annoyed憤怒的；D.confused困惑的。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中Inmycase,theystartedtodiscourageme.可知作者明白了不要對別人說的話感到氣餒。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：假如你專注于自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，改進(jìn)自己的缺點(diǎn)，你就沒有理由感到悲觀。A.small小的；B.old老的；C.weak弱的，虛弱的；D.shining光亮的。依據(jù)上文Ifyoufocusonyourstrongpointsandimproveonyour可知作者認(rèn)為要專注于自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，改進(jìn)自己的缺點(diǎn)，就沒有理由感到悲觀了。故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：拳擊教會了我如何戰(zhàn)斗，如何在身體上和精神上愛護(hù)自己，也告知我矮個子女孩只要有動力去證明別人是錯的，她們就能做任何事情。A.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；B.curiosity新奇心；C.attention留意力；D.motivation動機(jī)。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中ormakeyoufeelmotivatedtoshowthem可知此處指有動力去證明別人是錯的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：矮個子并不能定義我，也肯定不能限制我做那些高個或強(qiáng)壯的人能做的事情。A.want想要；B.help幫助；C.define定義；D.forgive寬恕。結(jié)合后文meanddefinitelydoesnotlimitmefromdoingthingsthattallorstrongerpeoplecando.可知個子矮并不能定義作者，也肯定不能限制作者去做那些高個或強(qiáng)壯的人能做的事情。故選C。其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATHEOLYMPICSTUDIESCENTREYOURSOURCEOFREFERENCEFOROLYMPICKNOWLEDGETheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.Ourmissionistosharethisknowledgewithprofessionalsandresearchersthroughprovidinginformation,givingaccesstoouruniquecollections,enablingresearchandstimulatingintellectualexchange.AspartoftheIOC,weareuniquelyplacedtocollectandsharethemostup-to-dateandaccurateinformationonOlympism.OurcollectionsincludetheIOCarchives(檔案),theofficialpublicationsoftheIOCandtheOrganizingCommitteeoftheOlympicGamesaswellasbooks,articlesandjournals.HERETOHELPWhateveryourinterestintheOlympicMovement—academicorprofessional—wewillhelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed,quicklyandeasily.We’rehereto:Answeryourquestions:sharefactualandhistoricalinformation,GamesresultsandstatisticsGivepersonalizedguidance:helpyoufindwhatyouneedinourextensivelibraryandarchivesLendyoubooksandpublications,eveninternationallyGiveyouonlineaccess:toourelectronicdocumentsAwardresearchgrants:toPhDstudentsandestablishedresearchersConnectyoutoournetwork:ofacademicexpertsinOlympicstudiesJointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudiesOneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.Thisworldwidecommunityismainlycomposedofover40OlympicStudiesCentersandhundredsofindividualscholarsanduniversitystudentsworkingonacademicprojectsrelatedtothefieldofOlympicstudies.Thankstothisregularexchangeandtheworkconductedbytheacademics,weenrichtheworld’sOlympicknowledge,sharenewanalysisonkeytopicsrelatedtotheOlympicMovementandcanprovideguidancetouniversitieswishingtolaunchinitiativesonOlympicstudies.JoinouracademicmailinglistUniversityprofessorsandresearchersareinvitedtojoinouracademicmailinglisttobeinformedaboutourfutureactivitiesandotherupdatesconcerningOlympicstudiesinitiatives.Tojoin,emailuswithabriefdescriptionofyouracademicstatusandyourfullcontactdetails.VISITUSYou’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas.Youdon’tneedanappointmenttousethelibraryandthestudyrooms.Ifyouwouldliketoseethehistoricalarchivesorneedpersonalguidancetofindyourwayaroundourcollections,pleasefilloutourvisitorrequestform.31.TheOlympicStudiesCentermainlyaimsto________.A.givepersonalizedguidanceB.provideresourcesontheOlympicsC.receiveOlympicfansacrosstheworldD.updateinformationonOlympismforofficials32.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheacademiccommunity?A.ItisorganizedbyOlympicofficials.B.Itlaunchesprojectsatuniversities.C.Itpromotesacademicexchanges.D.Itprovideselectronicdocuments.33.Ifyouwanttovisitthecenter,youhaveto________.A.filloutavisitorrequestform B.entertheOlympicMuseumC.makeanappointment D.arriveonworkdays【答案】31.B32.C33.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹奧林匹克探討中心?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句TheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.“國際奧委會奧林匹克探討中心是世界奧林匹克學(xué)問的參考來源。”由此可知，奧林匹克探討中心的主要目標(biāo)是供應(yīng)有關(guān)奧林匹克的資源。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)JointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudies中OneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.“我們的主要作用之一是促進(jìn)國際奧委會和國際學(xué)術(shù)界之間的溝通與合作，以促進(jìn)探討和促進(jìn)智力溝通?！庇纱丝芍?，關(guān)于學(xué)術(shù)界，它促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)溝通。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)VISITUS中You’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas“我們就在瑞士洛桑奧林匹克博物館隔壁。我們周一至周五上午9點(diǎn)至下午5點(diǎn)營業(yè)，公眾假期和圣誕節(jié)除外。”由此可知，假如你想?yún)⒂^這個中心，你必需在工作日到達(dá)。故選D。BAstrugglingWaffleHouseemployeewhowastryingtoservenearly30peoplebyhimselfaftermidnightgotafullservingofkindnesswhensomecustomersjumpedbehindthecountertohelphim.EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.CrispotoldTODAY’sKerrySandersthathehadcometothe24-hourrestaurantfromafriend’sbirthdaypartyandsawthestrugglingemployee,identifiedonlyasBen,tryingtocookthefood,serveit,bustablesandwashdisheswhilemorethan25peoplewerewaitingtoeat.“Thelookonhisfacewasjustconfusion,”CrispotoldSanders.Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.Anothercustomer,AlisonStanley,wentbehindthecountertomakesomecoffee—stilldressedfromanightoutonthetown.“Idon’tthinkit’sanythingspecial,”StanleytoldSanders.“Heneededhelp,soIgotupandhelpedout.”CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.WaffleHousetoldTODAYthatBenwaslefttosupporthimselfduetoaschedulingissue.“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”ThecompanywasalsothankfulforthecustomerswhojoinedinandhelpedBenout.“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”“WearealsoverythankfulforBen,whokepttherestaurantopen.HeisarepresentativeofourWaffleHouseculturebyalwaysputtingthecustomersfirst.”Crispohadhisusualorder,doubleplainwaffle,ashetookinthesceneofstrangershelpingoutBenonhisshift.“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”hesaid.34.Benwaslefttoworkaloneduringhismidnightshiftbecause________.A.hisassociatesaskedforaleave B.therewasaschedulingmistakeC.fewcustomersneededtobeserved D.therestaurantwasscheduledtoclose35.SomecustomershelpedBenoutby________.Awashingdishes B.takingphotosC.takingorders D.cookingfood36.WhydidthecustomerslendahelpinghandaccordingtoPatWarner?A.Theysharedthesamecommunityspirit. B.TheywerefamilymembersofBen.C.Theywantedtoservethemselves. D.Theyweretoohungrytowait.37.HowdidCrispofeelasawitnessofthescene?A.Luckyandexcited. B.Movedandinspired.C.Relievedandhopeful. D.Contentandunbelievable.【答案】34.B35.A36.A37.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講解并描述了一家華夫餅屋由于人員支配的失誤，導(dǎo)致只剩一名員工款待顧客，鑒于此，顧客們紛紛主動幫助員工?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。由第十段“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”可知，華夫餅屋公關(guān)總監(jiān)帕特·沃納在一份聲明中稱:“我們有兩名員工支配離開，但由于溝通失誤，他們換班著沒有剛好出現(xiàn)。這就剩下我們的廚師本和饑餓的顧客們在餐廳里。他既要負(fù)責(zé)烤架還要負(fù)責(zé)訂單了。”由此推斷出，因?yàn)閾Q班人員的支配出了問題，導(dǎo)致Ben一個人在工作，故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顧客確定幫他一把，抓起圍裙，跑到柜臺后面洗盤子?！薄翱死锼共ㄅ南铝爽F(xiàn)場的一些照片，當(dāng)時(shí)很多顧客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本則在用心點(diǎn)單和打算食物”。由此可見，一些顧客幫忙洗盤子，整理桌子。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理推斷題。由第十二段“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”可知，“很多顧客覺得自己是我們?nèi)A夫餅屋的一份子，對此我們很感謝，”華納說?！拔覀兊拿恳患也蛷d都有一種社區(qū)意識，我們很感謝他們把我們的員工當(dāng)成家人?！庇纱丝梢?，店里的顧客將自己視為華夫餅屋的成員，大家都有一種社區(qū)意識，彼此相互幫忙。故選A項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】推理推斷題。由其次段“EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24歲的克里斯波在阿拉巴馬州伯明翰的一家華夫餅屋目睹了這令人激昂的一幕。最終一段“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”可知，克里斯波認(rèn)為：人性不是好，是宏大！由此推斷出他目睹了這一切，被感動，被激勵，發(fā)出了對人性的感嘆。故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題顧名思義要抓住細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，將原文的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息跟題目和題干進(jìn)行比對，選出正確選項(xiàng)。例如第2題，題目問：一些顧客怎樣幫助本？由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顧客確定幫他一把，抓起圍裙，跑到柜臺后面洗盤子。”“克里斯波拍下了現(xiàn)場的一些照片，當(dāng)時(shí)很多顧客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本則在用心點(diǎn)單和打算食物”。由此可見，一些顧客幫忙洗盤子，整理桌子。故選A項(xiàng)。CChickenisAmerica’smostpopularmeat.Manypeopleassumechickenfollowsasimplerule-of-thumb:Pinkchickenturnedwhitemeans“done.”It’ssimilartohowwecookothermeats.Butisthistrue?Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.Fromarandombutnonrepresentativesample,theyalsoconductedanonlinesurveyofnearly4,000householdsinthesamecountriesthatsaytheycookchicken.Worriedthatchickenwoulddryout,mosthomecooksdetermineddonenessbycolorandtexture(口感)insidethemeat,theyfound.Fewbotheredwiththermometers(溫度計(jì)),claimingtheytooktoomuchtime,weretoocomplicatedtouse,didn’tfitinthechickenorweren’tnecessary(althougheasy-to-usethermometersareinexpensiveandwidelyavailable).Inadditionallabexperiments,thescientistsinjectedrawchickenbreastwithbacteria(細(xì)菌),whichcausemillionsofsicknesses,thousandsofhospitalizationsandhundredsofdeathseachyearintheUnitedStates.Theycookedthebreastsuntiltheyreachedcoretemperaturesrangingfrom122to158Fahrenheit,andtheydiscoveredsomethingsurprising.At158degrees,butnotlower,bacteriainsidethechickens’coreswasreducedtosafelevels,andwhencutopenitsfleshappeareddullandfibrous,notshinylikerawchicken.Butmeatbeganchangingfrompinktowhitefarbelowthis,andmostcolorchangeoccurredbelow131degreesFahrenheit.Sometimes,thechicken’scorewouldbesafelycooked,butunsafelevelsofbacteriastillexistedonsurfacesthathadn’ttouchedthegrillplate.Sowhatareyousupposedtodo?Dr.BrunoGoussault,ascientistandchef,recommendsbuyingandcookingbreastsandlegsseparately.Bringthebreast’scoreto165degreesFahrenheit,hesaid,andthelegtobetween168.8and172.4Fahrenheit.Ifyoureallywanttosafelymeasuretemperatureforawholechicken,insertapop-upthermometerintothethickestpartofthelegbeforeroastingit,Dr.Goussaultsuggests.Bythetimeitpops,thebreastswillhavelongcooked.Theywilllikelybedryandfarfromhisstandardsofculinary(烹飪的)perfection.Butyou’llbesureto,asDr.GoussaultsaysinFrench,“dormirsursesdeuxoreilles,”or,figuratively,“sleeppeacefully.”38.Whydidn’thomecooksmeasuretemperaturewithathermometer?A.Theycouldnotaffordit. B.Itaffectedthetasteofthemeat.C.Itwasnotavailableinsupermarkets. D.Theythoughtitwastoomuchtrouble.39.Inlabexperiments,whenthetemperaturereached158Fahrenheit,themeat.A.wasfreeofbacteria B.stillremainedpinkC.appearedtodryout D.wasreducedinsize40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Themeatdoesnottastebestwhenbacteriafree.B.Thelegbecomesfullycookedbeforethebreast.C.Awholechickenrequiresahighertemperature.D.Thethermometershouldbeplacedinsidethebreast.41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Simplelifestyle.C.Cookingskills. D.Kitchenequipment.【答案】38.D39.C40.A41.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章通過描述科學(xué)家所做的雞胸和雞腿的烹飪溫度的測量試驗(yàn)，說明如何烹飪雞肉才是平安的。【38題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章其次段Fewbotheredwiththermometers(溫度計(jì)),claimingtheytooktoomuchtime,weretoocomplicatedtouse,didn’tfitinthechickenorweren’tnecessary.很少有人為溫度計(jì)費(fèi)心，宣稱他們花費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，太困難而不能運(yùn)用，不適合雞肉也沒必要?？芍?，人們會覺得用溫度計(jì)比較麻煩，與選項(xiàng)D內(nèi)容相符，故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段At158degrees,butnotlower,bacteriainsidethechickens’coreswasreducedtosafelevels,andwhencutopenitsfleshappeareddullandfibrous,notshinylikerawchicken.在158度時(shí)，但不是更低，雞核心的細(xì)菌降到了平安水平，當(dāng)被切開時(shí)，雞肉顯得枯燥和纖維狀，不像生雞肉肉質(zhì)那么光滑?？芍?，到了158度時(shí)，雞肉會顯得干燥和纖維狀，與選項(xiàng)C內(nèi)容相符，故選C項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】推理推斷題。由最終一段Bringthebreast’scoreto165degreesFahrenheit,hesaid,andthelegtobetween168.8and172.4Fahrenheit.雞胸的核心溫度要達(dá)到165度，他說，雞腿的溫度要達(dá)到168.8度和172.4度之間。和Theywilllikelybedryandfarfromhisstandardsofculinary(烹飪的)perfection.他們可能會干燥，而且與完備的烹飪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也相去甚遠(yuǎn)。可知，雞胸和雞腿的平安烹飪溫度分別為165度，168.8度和172.4度之間，這時(shí)細(xì)菌幾乎被殺死了，所以食用是比較平安的，但此時(shí)口感和味道卻不那么好了。與選項(xiàng)A內(nèi)容相符，故選A項(xiàng)。41題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.為了探討在家烹飪?nèi)绾巫袷仄桨驳慕ㄗh，探討者們在5個歐洲國家拍攝了75個家庭的烹飪狀況?？芍?，文章講解并描述的是在家烹飪時(shí)的食品平安問題，與選項(xiàng)A內(nèi)容相符，故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】主旨大意題是閱讀理解的常見題型，做這類題時(shí)，一般會有如下思路：1.關(guān)注首段或是最終一段，這兩個位置往往會有體現(xiàn)文章主旨的句子。2.如沒有主旨句，要通讀全文，自己概括出文章大意。例如小題4就依據(jù)第一個思路，由第一段Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.為了探討在家烹飪?nèi)绾巫袷仄桨驳慕ㄗh，探討者們在5個歐洲國家拍攝了75個家庭的烹飪狀況。再結(jié)合文章的描述，可知本文講解并描述的是在家烹飪時(shí)食品平安的問題，故選A項(xiàng)。DUpskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryoneAutomationandjobreplacementwillbeoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfortheglobaleconomyofthecomingdecades.A2024Mckinseyreportestablishedthat375millionworkerswillneedtoswitchoccupationalcategoriesby2030.TheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatby2024,automationwillreplace75millionjobsglobally—butcreate133millionnewones.Researchintothelikelihoodthatajobwillbeimpactedbydigitizationhaslargelyfocusedonthe“automatability”oftheroleandthefollowingeconomicregionalandpoliticaleffectsofthis.Whatthisresearchdoesn’ttakeintoaccountissomethingmoreimportantforthemillionsoftaxidriversandretailworkersacrosstheglobe:theirlikelihoodofbeingabletochangetoanotherjobthatisn’tautomatable.Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.InJuly,Amazonannouncedthatitwouldspend$700millionretrainingaround30%ofits300,000USworkforce.Whilepraiseworthy,itwillbeinterestingtoseetheoutcome.IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.Governancewillbeacrucialelementofensuringthatsuchschemesfocusonindividualsandlife-longlearning,ratherthanupskillingworkersintorolesthatwillsoonalsofaceautomation.AccordingtotheMckinseyreport,“growingawarenessofthescaleofthetaskaheadhasyettotranslateintoaction.Publicspendingonlabour-forcetrainingandsupporthasfallenforyearsinmostmembercountriesoftheOrganisation